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"Tugas karya akhir ini membahas mengenai kebijakan luar negeri yang diambil oleh Presiden Ma Ying-jeou pada masa kepresidenannya yang pertama dari tahun 2008-2012 dalam hubungan antar selat Taiwan dan Cina. Secara spesifik, kebijakan luar negeri yang dibahas merupakan kebijakan luar negeri di bidang keamanan, ekonomi, dan identitas. Di bawah Presiden Ma Ying-jeou, Taiwan berusaha memperbaiki hubungan antar-selat yang memburuk ketika Taiwan dipimpin oleh Presiden Chen Shui-bian. Beberapa kebijakannya, seperti pengakuan kembali Konsensus 1992, dimulainya kembali dialog antara SEF dan ARATS, serta pembentukan ECFA merupakan contoh bagaimana Taiwan mencoba memperbaiki hubungan antar-selat. Menggunakan kerangka konsep Realisme Defensif di bidang keamanan, Neoliberal Institusionalisme di bidang ekonomi, dan konsep Identitas di bidang identitas, tugas karya akhir ini mencoba mencari mengapa Presiden Ma Ying-jeou mengambil kebijakan luar negeri yang bertujuan memperbaiki hubungan antar-selat tersebut. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri Taiwan di bidang keamanan dan ekonomi sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor di level sistem, terutama dari reaksi Cina terhadap inisiatif yang diberikan oleh Taiwan. Pada bidang identitas, faktor eksternal memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar, dan dilengkapi oleh faktor-faktor dalam negeri, ikut membentuk kebijakan di bidang identitas.

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This final assignment discusses the foreign policy of Taiwan under President Ma Ying-jeou under his first term (2008-2012) in Cross-strait Relation between Taiwan and China. Specifically, the policies discussed are those in the aspect of security, economic, and identity. Under President Ma, Taiwan tries to repair the cross-strait relation that was worsening under the previous Taiwan President, President Chen Shui-bian. Some of President Ma's policies, such as the official recognition of 1992 Consensus, the resumption of SEF-ARATS dialogue, and the creation of ECFA, are examples of the effort Taiwan made to repair the relation between Taiwan and China.

Using three theoretical frameworks, which are Defensive Realism in security, Neoliberal Institutionalism in economy, and Identity Concept in identity, this final assignment tries to find why President Ma created foreign policy that tries to repair the cross-strait relation.

The discussion concludes that foreign policy of Taiwan in Security and Economic aspect is shaped by factors in systemic level, especially from the reaction of China to initiatives given by Taiwan. In identity aspect, external factors play a big role, and complemented by domestic factors, in shaping the policy in identity aspect."

"The book discusses various questions related to the different European perspectives on Taiwan, for example, how the European Union has dealt with the unresolved status of the Republic of China on Taiwan, the ways in which Europe has been seen as a model for Taiwan’s transformation, and whether the EU model offers any lessons for cross-strait integration. "

"Relations between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China have oscillated between outright hostility and wary detente ever since the Archipelago seceded from the Communist mainland over six decades ago. While the mainland has long coveted the island, Taiwan has resisted - aided by the United States which continues to play a decisive role in cross-strait relations today. In this comprehensive analysis, noted China specialist Steven Goldstein shows that although relations between Taiwan and its larger neighbor have softened, underlying tensions remain unresolved. These embers of conflict could burst into flames at any point, engulfing the whole region and potentially dragging the United States into a dangerous confrontation with the PRC Guiding readers expertly through the historical background to the complexities of this fragile peace, Goldstein discusses the shifting economic, political and security terrain, and examines the pivotal role played by the United States in providing weapons and diplomatic support to Taiwan whilst managing a complex relationship with an increasingly powerful China. Drawing on a wealth of newly declassified material, this compelling and insightful book is an invaluable guide to one of the world's riskiest, long-running conflicts."

"Pengakuan diplomatik merupakan salah satu unsur dalam kriteria negara berdaulat yang tercantum dalam Konvensi Montevideo 1933. Meskipun begitu, saat ini terdapat negara-negara yang hanya diakui oleh segelintir negara berdaulat, yang sering kali disebut sebagai negara de facto. Republik Tiongkok (Taiwan) merupakan salah satu negara de facto yang menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan hanya 12 negara, di samping fakta bahwa negara tersebut merupakan pemain unggul dalam ekonomi global karena kehadirannya yang kuat di beberapa sektor utama industri. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan secara komprehensif terkait upaya Taiwan dalam mendapatkan dan mempertahankan mitra diplomatiknya, dalam rangka menjaga kedaulatannya sebagai negara bangsa. Penulis menggunakan metode taksonomi untuk mengorganisasikan literatur yang didapat setelah melakukan inklusi dan eksklusi terhadap literatur yang tersedia di platform akademik Scopus. Penulis mengelompokkan tema-tema utama dari 42 literatur ini menjadi: 1) sejarah singkat Taiwan; 2) konseptualisasi kedaulatan di Taiwan; 3) strategi mendapatkan pengakuan diplomatik; dan 4) tantangan mendapatkan pengakuan diplomatik. Berdasarkan kajian yang dilakukan, terdapat dua temuan utama. Pertama, upaya diplomatik Taiwan berpusat pada kawasan Dunia Ketiga karena “diplomasi dolar” bekerja paling baik terhadap negara-negara tersebut. Selain itu, tantangan struktural yang dihadapi Taiwan saat ini telah mencegahnya dari upaya deklarasi kemerdekaan. Meskipun literatur terkait topik ini telah berkembang, terutama setelah Taiwan mencapai tahap lepas landas (take-off) dalam ekonominya, penulis menemukan beberapa celah yang dapat dikembangkan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut, seperti kajian mengenai tantangan domestik terhadap upaya diplomatik Taiwan, serta hubungan bilateral Taiwan dengan negara-negara demokrasi utama.

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Diplomatic recognition is a fundamental criterion for statehood as delineated in the 1933 Montevideo Convention. However, certain entities, known as de facto states, receive recognition from only a limited number of sovereign nations. The Republic of China (Taiwan) exemplifies such a de facto state, maintaining diplomatic relations with only 12 countries despite its prominent role in the global economy, particularly in key industrial sectors. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Taiwan's strategies to secure and preserve diplomatic alliances to sustain its sovereignty. Utilizing a taxonomy method, the author organizes 42 selected works obtained from the Scopus academic database into four main themes: 1) an overview of Taiwan's history; 2) the conceptualization of sovereignty in the context of Taiwan; 3) strategies for obtaining diplomatic recognition; and 4) the challenges associated with achieving diplomatic recognition. The study yields two primary findings: first, Taiwan's diplomatic initiatives are concentrated in the Third World, where “dollar diplomacy” proves most effective; second, structural impediments currently preclude Taiwan from officially declaring independence. Although the body of literature on this topic has grown, particularly following Taiwan's economic take-off, the author identifies several gaps for further research, including an analysis of domestic challenges to Taiwan's diplomatic efforts and its bilateral relations with major democracies."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang ironi respon Taiwan di bawah Pemerintahan Presiden Chen Shui-bian pada 2000-2008, terhadap dampak peningkatan kapabilitas militer China. Pada periode tersebut, strategi militer China bertransformasi menjadi menyerang, namun Taiwan justru tidak meningkatkan, dan bahkan menurunkan, kapabilitas militernya. Dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan disain deskriptif ini, penyusun menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi respon Taiwan terhadap kpeningkatan kapabilitas militer China di tengah-tengah dilema keamanan yang mereka alami. Akhirnya, penyusun menyarankan China dan Taiwan untuk menggalang kerjasama melalui forum resmi atau tidak resmi, demi mencegah meletusnya konflik terbuka di sekitar Selat Taiwan.

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This Thesis is about the ironic of Taiwan;s respond in the period of President Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008) towards the China;s military capability building. In that period of time, China's military strategy transform into attacking format, while Taiwan tend not to increasing it's military capability, but seem to downgrading it;s military capability. In this qualitative research along with description design, writers will explain some factors that influencing Taiwan's respond towards China's military capability building in the middle of security dilemma among them. At the end, writers suggests that China and Taiwan must cooperate through both official or un-official organization, in order to avoid warfare at the Taiwan Strait."