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"Karbon Dioksida (CO2) menjadi gas yang menarik perhatian karena diklasifikasikan sebagai gas rumah kaca yang berdampak pada lingkungan ketika mencapai konsentrasi tinggi di atmosfer. Konversi gas CO2 menjadi propilen karbonat pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode elektrokimia yang sedang banyak dikembangkan. Konversi CO2 menggunakan katalis deposit Cu yang dipengaruhi oleh bahan aditif yaitu Cl-, NH4+ dan PEG sehingga diperoleh deposit Cu yang berbentuk foam dan berpori. Deposit Cu yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). CO2 direduksi pada potensial -1,58 V dalam cairan ionik 1-butil-3-metilimidazolium heksafluorofosfat [BMIM][PF6] dengan penambahan propilen oksida untuk membentuk propilen karbonat. Produk yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) becomes gas which draws attention because it is classified as glass house gas which impacts on environment when it reaches high concentration on the atmosphere. Conversion of CO2 to be propylene carbonate in this research is by utilizing electrochemical method which has been widely developed. The conversion of CO2 using catalyst of Cu deposit which is influenced by chemical additives such as Cl-, NH4+, PEG so it gains Cu deposit in form of foam and porous. Cu foams were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS). The CO2 reduction occurred at potential -1,58 V in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6] by increasing propylene oxide to form propylene carbonate. The resulting product was then characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry (GC-MS)."

"Telah dipelajari polimerisasi emulsi vinyl acetate-butyl acrylic- acrylic acid dalam 4,4’-diaminostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid. Dari pengukuran spektroskopi FT-IR diperoleh bahwa tidak ada ikatan kovalen DSD di dalam rantai polimer. Kestabilan termal dan pengaruh DSD pada polimerisasi juga dipelajari."

"Supercritical fluid technology for energy and environmental applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes."

"This book will review old and new methods to study emulsion stability and structure. Examples of emulsion-based foods include ice cream, yoghurt, and mayonnaise. Several techniques are used to study the physical behavior and structure of emulsions. More recently, other techniques, such as ultrasound profiling, microscopy, droplet size distribution, and measurement of surface concentration to characterize adsorbed protein at the interface, have also been employed. Some of these techniques, such as droplet size distribution, involve some form of dilution. However, dilution disrupts some structures that play an important role in stability. The ability to study the stability of food emulsions in their undiluted form may reveal subtle nuances about their stability. Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Turbiscan are among the more powerful, non-perturbing techniques used to characterized emulsions. "

"In this historical volume Salvatore Califano traces the developments of ideas and theories in physical and theoretical chemistry throughout the 20th century. This seldom-told narrative provides details of topics from thermodynamics to atomic structure, radioactivity and quantum chemistry. "

"Taking you through the stages of combustion, leading experts visually display, mathematically explain, and clearly theorize on important physical topics of combustion. They discuss combustion chemistry, flammability limits, spark ignition, counterflow twin-flame configuration, flame in a vortex core, edge flames, instabilities, and tulip flames. The book describes flame extinction in narrow channels, global quenching of premixed flames by turbulence, counterflow premixed flame extinction limits, the interaction of flames with fluids in rotating vessels, and turbulent flames"

"The Mitsunobu reaction is very important reaction for the synthesis of ether from phenol and alcohol. The [7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanol (2) was synthesised from vanillin by using series of known reactions such as Mannich reaction, acetylation, hydrolysis, Wittig raction, hydrobation. This methanol benzofuran derivative (2) condensed with 4-fluorophenol by using DEAD in THF. The final product 5-[(4-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-benzofuran (3) was characterised by using IR, NMR and mass spectra and study their biological activity by molecular docking using molecular docking software Glide. The activity of ether (3) was compared to their amine analogue."