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"Aceh, a special region of Indonesia is known as the "rice granary" of the Western gate to Indonesia. The region is predominantly an agricultural and exports oriented economy with the majority of the population living in rural areas where rice cultivation predominates. The annual rate of increase of rice production is above the annual rate of population growth. The increased rice production and variations in production both spatial and temporal have created a number of marketing problems. Rice marketing systems need to be developed and expanded to: (a) link markets and rice producers through equalization and distribution, (b) encourage efficient rice trade activity and recruit entrepreneurial talents, (c) serve a connective function, (d) provide outlets for increased rice production,3 and (e) limit rice price variation. Effective rice marketing systems are, therefore, necessary for economic development of agricultural societies Their development make possible regional economic integration and full utilization of whatever assets and productive capacities a region already possesses. The agricultural development plan of Indonesia is directed toward increasing production and production efficiency. For one thing, an increase in agricultural productivity depends on the improved efficiency and effectiveness of current marketing systems in different regions. In spite of broad similarities in the traditional marketing system, there are differences between regions due to a multiplicity of social, geographical, environmental, economic and political factors. The present development plan of Indonesia emphasizes the socio-economic as well as physical aspects and sectoral approaches at the macro level. Micro studies on regional level aim at finding similarities and differences strongly needed to support and improve the existing plan. This regional analysis of agricultural development emphasizing rice marketing in Aceh is meant to be a stimulus to improve the existing marketing systems. Improvement of marketing systems may have significant effects on production, distribution, consumer prices and adoption of improved production methods."

"Kebutuhan beras yang tinggi sebagai bahan makanan pokok di Indonesia belum menjadi ukuran mudahnya pemasaran. Kesulitan ini antara lain disebabkan beberapa faktor antara lain mutu produk yang masih relatif rendah, tingkat efisiensi produksi rendah, dan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap mutu beras dalam negeri akan menurun akibat standar mutu yang tidak jelas dan terkadang tidak konsisten. Mencermati pasar beras komersial di Indonesia yang masih memiliki peluang dan pengalaman dalam komoditi beras baik dalam pelayanan publik maupun komersial, Perum Bulog membentuk unit otonom yakni Proyek Bisnis Industri Beras (Probis Industri Beras / PIB) yang harus mengutamakan kontinyuitas kualitas jasa dan produk untuk mendapatkan keunggulan bersaing dibanding kompetitornya.Mutu beras menjadi prioritas dalam menggarap pasaran umum karena beras sebagai produk dan konsumennya sangat sensitif terhadap kualitas. Konsumen mudah beralih ke beras merek lain bila kualitasnya tidak memuaskan. Salah satu target konsep bisnis dengan pendekatan Six Sigma adalah mengurangi cacat (defect). Kualitas melalui penghitungan cacat yang terjadi menjadi acuan bagi penelitian ini. Pengukuran statistik dan analisis proses bisnis mencerminkan isi pesan Six Sigma yang mengedepankan inisiatif bisnis. Target kinerjanya adalah kinerja 99,9997 persen dimana cacat dalam banyak proses dan produk menjadi hampir tidak ada. PIB memiliki cacat proses per peluang (defects per opportunities - DPO) yakni : 0,001. Dengan memperhatikan angka DPMO pada tabel untuk menemukan sigma yang disajikan, dalam performa proses beras sekitar level 4,5 sigma (99,87 %). Peneliti melakukan penghitungan sesuai yang ada dalam tahapan DMAIC yakni pada proses measure (input, proses, dan output) dan grafik kontrol c untuk mengetahui prosentase kemampuan PIB dalam memenuhi keinginan dan kebutuhan pelanggan pada dua pabrikasi (DC Tambun dan Pabrikasi Candirejo Jawa Timur).Dari hasil penghitungan dan pengolahan data, selama tahun 2006 tercatat beras cacat / rusak sebesar 0,2 % dari total realisasi yang secara keseluruhan disebabkan oleh rusaknya kemasan terutama kemasan 5 kg, Pemenuhan terhadap permintaan sebesar 82,96 %. Prosentase ketepatan waktu pengiriman sebesar 100%. Pada penghitungan grafik kontrol c ditemukan rata-rata pelayanan produk beras Indomaret berada dalam batas kontrol kecuali dua periode (September dan Oktober) yang melewati batas kontrol atas. Dari penilaian uji T, Nilai t hitung lebih kecil dibandingkan nilai t tabel (0,0046<2,201) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara penanganan Indomaret oleh pabrikasi Probis Industri Beras yang khusus melayani komersial (DC Tambun) dengan pabrikasi yang berfungsi pelayanan publik dan komersial (Pabrikasi Candirejo).

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High requirement of rice as main staple food in Indonesia, but its marketing is not simple. Some of the problems are low quality products, less production efficiency, and consumer's trust on domestic rice quality will be decrease as consequence of unclear standard quality and sometimes inconsistence. Indonesia commercial market is still has opportunities and experiences in rice as commodities in both public service and commercial, hence Perum BULOG is developing Proyek Bisnis Industri Beras (Probis Industri Beras / PIB) as an otonomous unit that its main target is continuously well quality product and service to gain excellent compete to other competitors.Rice quality has become priority in common market. Consumers are easily switching to another brand if it is not satisfied. One of Six Sigma's business concept target is to make less defects. Quality through defect counting that become references to this research. Statistic measurements and business process analysis have proven that Six Sigma is business initiative. Performance target is 99.9997 percent, which defects in many process and product is almost nothing. PIB has 0.001 defects per opportunities (DPO). As DPMO number on table to find sigma that seen, it is about 4.5 sigma level (99.87%) in rice processing. Measurement according to DMAIC steps which are measure processing (input, process and output) and control-c chart to measure on 2 of PIB manufacturing (located on Candirejo - East Java and DC Tambun) capability percentage to fulfill customer desire and requirement.Based on data counting and analyzing, in 2006, defect on rice is 0.2% of total realization which all is caused by packing factor, especially 5 kgs package. Accomplishment to demand is 82.96% and delivery - time accuracy percentage is perfectly 100%. By control-c chart, founds that average of rice product services of Indomaret lay on control boundary limits except on September and October which are upper limit over. Through T-test, calculation on t is less than t table (0.0046 < 2.201) which is concluded that there is no any significant differences in service to Indomaret between PIB manufacturing in DC Tambun that works on commercial specially and Candirejo that serves on both commercial and public service."

"ABSTRACTAceh, a special region of Indonesia is known as the "rice granary" of the Western gate to Indonesia. The region is predominantly an agricultural and exports oriented economy with the majority of the population living in rural areas where rice cultivation predominates. The annual rate of increase of rice production is above the annual rate of population growth.The increased rice production and variations in production both spatial and temporal have created a number of marketing problems. Rice marketing systems need to be developed and expanded to:(a) link markets and rice producers through equalization and distribution,(b) encourage efficient rice trade activity and recruit entrepreneurial talents, (c) serve a connective function,(d) provide outlets for increased rice production,3 and (e) limit rice price variation.Effective rice marketing systems are, therefore, necessary for economic development of agricultural societies Their development make possible regional economic integration and full utilization of whatever assets and productive capacities a region already possesses.The agricultural development plan of Indonesia is directed toward increasing production and production efficiency. For one thing, an increase in agricultural productivity depends on the improved efficiency and effectiveness of current marketing systems in different regions. In spite of broad similarities in the traditional marketing system, there are differences between regions due to a multiplicity of social, geographical, environmental, economic and political factors.The present development plan of Indonesia emphasizes the socio-economic as well as physical aspects and sectoral approaches at the macro level. Micro studies on regional level aim at finding similarities and differences strongly needed to support and improve the existing plan. This regional analysis of agricultural development emphasizing rice marketing in Aceh is meant to be a stimulus to improve the existing marketing systems. Improvement of marketing systems may have significant effects on production, distribution, consumer prices and adoption of improved production methods."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberadaan asymmetric price transmission (APT) pada pasar beras Indonesia, mulai dari petani, produsen, pedagang besar dan pedagang eceran kemudian menganalisis indikasi welfare transfer dari informasi APT tersebut. Model nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan speed dan magnitude dari transmisi harga. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa terjadi APT positif di sepanjang rantai distribusi pasar beras, artinya respon terhadap kenaikan harga lebih besar dibandingkan penurunan harga. Terdapat indikasi welfare loss konsumen dan di balik itu, terdapat pedagang besar yang memperoleh benefit terbesar atas dominasinya dalam menciptakan keuntungan tambahan atas perubahan harga yang dipicu dari tingkat petani.

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This study aims to investigate asymmetric price transmission along the supply chain in Indonesian rice market (farmer, producer, wholesaler, retailer), and use the APT information to analyze the indication of welfare transfer. NARDL is used to see the difference in speed and magnitude of price transmission. The empirical results show the presence of positive APT along the supply chain, meaning that the response to price increases is greater than price decreases. There are indications of consumer welfare loss and wholesalers getting the greatest benefit from their dominance in creating additional profits from price changes triggered by the farmer level."