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"This trusted guide is written from the perspective of authors who have more than seventy-five years' experience as clinicians, educators, researchers, and authors. Featuring chapters that are concise, focused, and practical, this book is unique. Unlike other references on the topic, this resource is about mechanical ventilation rather than mechanical ventilators. It is written to provide a solid understanding of the general principles and essential foundational knowledge of mechanical ventilation as required by respiratory therapists and critical care physicians. To make it clinically relevant, Essentials of Mechanical Ventilation includes disease-specific chapters related to mechanical ventilation in these conditions"--Publisher's description"

"ABSTRACTRespiration process is major function of the lung. Respiration had 3 process that are ventilation, difussion and perfusion. Ventilation is process that oxygen entire to the lung and carbonmonoxide out from the alveoli to outer space. Ventilation processes is usually used as a parameter test of lung function in daily practice. One of lung function test is spirornetry that used to evaluate ventilation function of the lung."

"Latar belakang: Arterial Switch Operation (ASO) merupakan prosedur utama pada Transposition Intact Ventricular Septum (TGA-IVS). TGA-IVS kehadiran terlambat (usia ≥30 hari) mempengaruhi kesintasan pascaprosedur ASO dan umum ditemukan di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Semakin besar usia pada populasi penyakit jantung kongenital, terutama TGA-IVS, umumnya disertai status gizi kurang. Hubungan antara status gizi terhadap kesintasan pascaprosedur ASO pada TGA-IVS kehadiran terlambat belum diketahui Metodologi: Penelitian studi potong lintang berdasarkan data sekunder dari rekam medis pada pasien TGA-IVS≥ 30 hari yang menjalani operasi ASO periode 2015-2021.Variabel utama yang dinilai adalah status gizi berdasarkan kurva status gizi WHO 2006 Variabel yang ikut dinilai antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, anomali koroner, pola anomali, jenis ASO, lama penggunaan mesin jantung paru, dan penggunaan klem silang aorta terhadap mortalitas pascaprosedur ASO. Hasil: Terdapat 89 anak dengan kehadiran terlambat; 68,53% memiliki status gizi kurang/buruk. Karakteristik pasien TGA-IVS kehadiran terlambat adalah laki-laki (67,2-67,9%), tidak memiliki anomali koroner dan memiliki pola anomali koroner normal (67,2-78,6%) dan menjalani ASO primer (67,9-68,9%). Status gizi kurang/buruk tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap risiko kemation pascaprosedur ASO (OR: 2,41, P:0,661) dibandingkan status gizi cukup. Lama mesin jantung paru merupakan prediktor mortalitas independen (p = 0,031) Kesimpulan: Status gizi rendah tidak memilki hubungan terhadap mortalitas pascaprosedur ASO pada TGA-IVS kehadiran terlambat.

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Background: Arterial Switch Operation (ASO) is the main procedure for Transposition of with Intact Ventricular Septum (TGA-IVS). Late presenter TGA-IVS (age ≥30 days) has lower postoperative ASO survival and commonly found in developing country, including Indonesia. Older age in congenital heart disease, including TGA-IVS, associated with poor nutritional status. The correlation between nutritional status and mortality post ASO in late presenter TGA-IVS remains unknown. Method: a cross sectional study based on secondary data based on medical record of late presenter TGA-IVS who undergoned ASO in 2015-202. The main measured variable is nutritional status based on WHO 2006 nutritional status curves. Other measured variables are age at intervention, gender, coronary anomaly, coronary patterns, ASO types, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic crosss-clamp time and hospital mortality post ASO Result: 89 children identified as late presenter TGA-IVS; 68,53% with poor nutritional status. The late presenter TGA-IVS characteristics are male (67,2-67,9%), normal coronary anatomy and pattern (67,2-78,6%), and mostly underwent primary ASO (67,9-68,9%). Poor nutritional status has no correlation (OR: 2,41, P:0,661) with mortality outcome post ASO if compared with normal nutritional status. CPB time is an independent risk factor for mortality (p = 0,031). Conclusion: No correlation between poor nutritional status with mortality outcomes post ASO procedure in late presenter TGA-IVS"

"Latar Belakang: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) adalah salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam manajemen pasien kritis karena dihubungkan dengan ventilasi mekanik berkepanjangan sehingga meningkatkan risiko komplikasi dan mortalitas selama di ICU. Mobilisasi dini seperti neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) dilaporkan bermanfaat mengurangi durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU. Telaah sistematik dan meta-analisis ini dibuat untuk menyimpulkan dampak dari NMES terhadap durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU. Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak spesifik penggunaan NMES terhadap durasi penggunaan ventilator pada pasien ICU. Metode: Studi eligibel hingga Januari 2022 terinklusi dalam studi. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database jurnal berbasis elektronik yaitu Cochrane, EBSCOHost, Scopus, dan Pubmed dengan kata kunci spesifik dan operator boolean. Studi terinklusi dievaluasi untuk risiko bias dengan Cochrane RoB 2 dan estimasi besar efek dilakukan dengan fixed effect model menggunakan perangkat lunak Review Manager 5.4. Hasil: Pencarian literatur menghasilkan 9 studi yang terinklusi dalam meta-analisis. Dari penggabungan data, disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan NMES berhubungan dengan penurunan durasi penggunaan ventilator (MD -1.48; 95% CI: -2,54 – -0,41, p = 0,007, I 2 =30%, fixed-effect modelling). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian NMES dapat menurunkan durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU.

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Background: Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is one of the problems faced in critical medicine management, associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) thereby increasing risk and mortality while in the ICU. Early mobilization such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to be beneficial in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in the ICU. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to conclude the impact of NMES on the duration of mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Objective: To determine the impact of the use of NMES on duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Methods: Eligible studies up to January 2022 were included in the study. The literature search was carried out through electronic-based journal databases, namely Cochrane, EBSCOHost, Scopus, and Pubmed with specific keywords and boolean operators. The included studies were evaluated for risk of bias with Cochrane RoB 2 and estimation of effect size was performed using a fixed effect modelling using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: The literature search yielded 9 studies that were included in the meta- analysis. From the pooled data, it was concluded that NMES administration was associated with a decrease in the duration of mechanical ventilation (MD -1.48; 95% CI: -2.54 – -0.41, p = 0.007, I2 = 30%, fixed-effect modeling). Conclusion: This study concluded that the administration of NMES reduces the duration of ventilator use in the ICU."

"Pergerakan napas manusia, sesuai dengan mengembang dan mengempisnya paru-paru mengakibatkan bergesernya tumor ke arah Superior-Inferior (SI), Lateral Kanan-Kiri (RL), dan Anterior-Posterior (AP). Pergeseran tumor tersebut dapat direpresentasikan dari pergerakan yang terjadi pada permukaan tubuh. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun purwarupa sistem pemantauan pergerakan yang dapat memantau pergerakan pernapasan pada permukaan tubuh berbasis laser dan kamera. Sistem ini dapat melakukan pemantauan pergerakan pada 3 derajat kebebasan yang merepresentasikan pergerakan di arah SI, RL, dan AP. Kemampuan dari purwarupa dikalibrasi dengan menggunakan platform dinamis. Selanjutnya purwarupa juga diuji pada pengukuran terhadap 8 sukarelawan yang melakukan 2 pola pernapasan berbeda. Pengukuran tersebut dibandingkan dengan perangkat yang sudah ada di klinis untuk keperluan Respiratory Gating. Hasil kalibrasi menghasilkan akurasi spasial kurang dari 1 mm, sedangkan akurasi temporal sebesar kurang dari 0,1 s. Hasil perbandingan dengan piranti klinis menunjukkan pembacaan yang cukup sebanding dengan koefisien korelasi kurang dari 0,9.

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The motion of human breathing, by the expansion and deflation of the lungs, causes the tumor to shift towards Superior-Inferior (SI), Lateral Right-Left (RL), and Anterior-Posterior (AP). The motion on the body's surface can represent the tumor shift. In this study, a motion monitoring system prototype was designed based on lasers and cameras to monitor respiratory motion on the body's surface. This system can monitor motion in 3 degrees of freedom, representing movement in the SI, RL, and AP directions. The performance of the prototype is calibrated using a dynamic platform. Furthermore, the prototype was also tested using measurements of eight volunteers who performed two different breathing patterns. These measurements were compared with devices already in clinical settings for Respiratory Gating purposes. The calibration results produce a spatial accuracy of less than 1 mm while a temporal accuracy of less than 0.1 s. The comparison results with clinical devices show comparable readings with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.9."