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"Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi kekalahanRenaissance dalam pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa pada 2019. Pembentukan UnionEuropéenne (UE) merupakan upaya untuk menjamin terciptanya perdamaian di antaranegara-negara di Eropa khususnya pasca-Perang Dunia II. Pendirian UE berhasilmengikat seluruh anggotanya untuk tunduk dan patuh terhadap kebijakan yang sudahdiputuskan bersama. Terdapat tiga lembaga utama UE yang saling bekerja sama dalampembuatan kebijakan, yakni Komisi Eropa, Dewan UE, dan Parlemen Eropa. ParlemenEropa beranggotakan perwakilan dari setiap negara anggota. Struktur Parlemen Eropaterdiri dari seorang Presiden, Wakil Presiden dan 750 anggota. Anggota Parlemen Eropadipilih langsung oleh masyarakat Eropa setiap lima tahun sekali dengan sistemproporsional. Pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019, partai yang didirikan olehEmmanuel Macron, La République En Marche ! berkoalisi dengan tiga partai lain yangmemiliki orientasi politik yang sama. Koalisi tersebut diberi nama Renaissance. Padadasarnya, penurunan tingkat popularitas Emmanuel Macron merupakan alasanmendasar terbentuknya koalisi tersebut. Renaissance memiliki program yang berfokuspada lingkungan hidup, pertahanan, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi UE. Namun,Renaissance mengalami kekalahan pada pemilihan anggota Parlemen Eropa 2019 diPrancis. Kekalahan tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh ketidaksesuaian program Renaissancedengan kondisi ekonomi dan sosial Prancis saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodesejarah dengan pendekatan politikologis.

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This article aims to explain the factors behind the defeat of Renaissance in the European

Parliament Election in 2019. The European Union was created as an effort to ensure

peace between European Countries, especially after World War II. Its establishment has

succeeded in binding all its members to obey and comply with policies that have been

jointly made. There are three main EU institutions that are working together in creating

policies; they are the European Commission, the EU Council and the European

Parliament. The European Parliament consists of representatives from each European

member country. The structure of the European Parliament consists of a President, Vice

President and 750 members. Members of the European Parliament are elected directly

by the European community every five years. In the European Parliament election in

2019, the party founded by Emmanuel Macron, La République en marche! was in

coalition with three other parties that had the same political orientation as them. This

coalition was known as "Renaissance". The declining of Emmanuel Macron's popularity

was the fundamental reason as to why this coalition happened in the first place.

Renaissance offered programs that focus on environment, national defense, and

economic growth of the EU. However despite all of that, the Renaissance suffered

defeat in the 2019 European Parliament Election. The cause of their loss was influenced

by the incompatibility of their programs with the actual economic and social conditions

of France. This research uses historical methods with a politicological approach"

"This book explores how Rene of Anjou, French prince and exiled king of Naples (1409-80) engaged his Italian network in a programme of cultural politics conducted with an eye towards a return to power in Italy. Built on a series of original interpretations of humanistic and artistic material (chiefly neo-Latin literature and illuminated manuscripts of classical texts), the book is also a case study for a diplomatic approach to culture. It recasts this source base as a form of high-level communication for a hyper-literate elite of those who could read the works created by humanist and artistic agents for their constituent parts: the potent words or phrases and relevant classical allusions; the channels through which a given work was commissioned or transmitted; and then the nature of the network gathered around a political agenda. Works produced by Janus Pannonius, Giovanni Bellini, and others were crucial to the development and aggrandizement of the network, which was the foundation of a power bloc intended to return René to power in Naples. After Renés ultimate military failure in the 1458-64 Neapolitan war of succession, his network evolved into a faction opposed to the Italian League and the state system it sustained. This book poses a challenge to conventional interpretations of the politics of humanism, and offers a new vision of the Quattrocento: a century in which the Italian Renaissance began its takeover of Europe, but in which Renaissance culture was itself shaped by its European political, social, and diplomatic context."