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"Al Shabaab, sebuah insurgensi di Somalia dengan tujuan utama yang nasionalis (selain tujuan transnasionalis dan Islami), membuat keputusan untuk bekerjasama dengan Al Qaeda pada tahun 2008. Keputusan tersebut sangat kontras dengan perilaku Al Shabaab sebelumnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan signifikan baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap faktor-faktor di balik keputusan Al Shabaab, dengan menggunakan metode process-tracing secara retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deklarasi unifikasi Al Shabaab-Al Qaeda pada Agustus 2008 terjadi karena rangkaian peristiwa yang berdasarkan pada tiga faktor berikut: (1) Realisasi ideologi Salafi, (2) Perubahan pemimpin, dan (3) Ketidakmampuan Al Shabaab untuk menstabilkan kondisi kekerasan yang memburuk di Somalia.

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Al Shabaab, a Somalian insurgency with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnationalistic and Islamic preferences) made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with how Al Shabaab behaved previously, indicating that there were some serious changes either internally or externally. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab‟s decision through the use of process-tracing in retrospective.

The results show that Al Shabaab‟s declaration of unification with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about a series of events that traced back to three core factors: (1) The realization of a Salafi ideology, (2) The shift to a radical leadership, and (3) The inability of Al Shabaab to manage the increasingly violent Somalian situation."

"Di tengah semakin tingginya jumlah perempuan masuk ke ranah publik, muncul fenomena arus balik, yakni perempuan yang memilih berkarir sebagai ibu rumah tangga meski mereka telah mencapai gelar sarjana. Berbagai kajian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan perempuan menjadi ibu rumah tangga lebih didasarkan pada alasan kecukupan ekonomi, pengasuhan anak, dan atau tuntutan suami. Rasionalitas seringkali hanya dilekatkan pada perempuan berpendidikan tinggi yang menjadi wanita karir atau bekerja di sektor publik. Namun pada artikel ini membahas rasionalitas pilihan sarjana perempuan menjadi ibu rumah tangga, dengan menganalisis keputusan mereka berbasis perhitungan cost and reward serta Comparison Alternative (CA, Artikel ini mengulas keputusan perempuan bergelar sarjana menjadi ibu rumah tangga sebagai pilihan rasional. Kasus yang dipaparkan dikaji melalui metode kualitatif (wawancara mendalam dan observasi) terhadap empat perempuan sarjana yang memutuskan menjadi ibu rumah tangga.

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While of increasing women to choose participating in public sphere as there is a greater chance of education and job opporunity. However, there is an indication that some women tend to work as housewives although they have earned a higher degree of education. In previous researches, women chose to become housewife because of economical sufficiency, children and also husband. Higher rationality is usually regards that women with higher education could attain career or work in the public sector. But, the purpose of this research is to describe the rationality of female graduates who chose to work as housewives. By analizing the cost and rewards which is accompanied by comparison alternative (CA) analysis, this research explains the rational choice of female graduates who later work as housewives. The method in this research uses qualitative approach, having in-depth interview and observation towards four housewives whom are bachelor graduates."

"Summary:Addresses themes such as - the measurement of diversity and freedom, formal analysis of individual rights and intentions, judgment aggregation under constraints and strategic manipulation in fuzzy environments. This volume also deals with philosophical aspects of normative social choice."

"ABSTRAKTugas Karya Akhir ini menguraikan bagaimana pola dalam terjadinya pengoplosan LPG di Indonesia yang terdiri dari Rational Choice Theory dan The Absence of Capable Guardian sebagai penyebab dari terjadinya tindak pengoplosan LPG. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa, dengan adanya disparitas harga dan kurangnya kontrol distribusi LPG 3 Kg bersubsidi menyebabkan terjadinya pengoplosan LPG di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis explain about the pattern of illegal filling in Indonesia which consist of Rational Choice Theory and The Absence of Capable Guardian as the cause of illegal filling. In this papers the author conclude that the existence of price disparity and lack of distribution control as the cause of illegal filling in Indonesia. "

"This volume explores from multiple perspectives the subtle and interesting relationship between the theory of rational choice and Darwinian evolution. In rational choice theory, agents are assumed to make choices that maximize their utility; in evolution, natural selection ?chooses? between phenotypes according to the criterion of fitness maximization. So there is a parallel between utility in rational choice theory and fitness in Darwinian theory. This conceptual link between fitness and utility is mirrored by the interesting parallels between formal models of evolution and rational choice. The essays in this volume, by leading philosophers, economists, biologists and psychologists, explore the connection between evolution and rational choice in a number of different contexts, including choice under uncertainty, strategic decision making and pro-social behaviour. They will be of interest to students and researchers in philosophy of science, evolutionary biology, economics and psychology."

"Kekurangan tenaga kerja produktif Jepang akibat rendahnya angka kelahiran, menginisisasi pemerintah Jepang membuka kesempatan bagi tenaga kerja asing melalui skema program TITP (Technical Internship Training Program). Peluang ini dimanfaatkan oleh Lulusan Sarjana Sastra Jepang untuk memasuki pasar tenaga kerja Jepang, walaupun di sektor low-skilled. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan pada keputusan tenaga kerja terdidik untuk melakukan program magang ke Jepang melalui skema TITP, serta bagaimna manfaat yang didapatkan setelah melakukan program magang tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-fenomenologi dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 5 orang eks-pemagang yang berpendidikan Sarjana lulusan Universitas Negeri dan Swasta di Pulau Jawa. Keputusan untuk melakukan magang ini dikaji dengan pendekatan teori pilihan rasional oleh James Coleman dan Sonja Haug dalam keputusan bermigrasi melalui program magang tersebut. Temuan penelitian antara lain: melalui program TITP informan ingin mengembangkan kemampuan berbahasa Jepang sebagai added value sehingga pengalaman selama magang menjadi sebuah pilihan yang menguntungkan ketika kembali ke Indonesia. Beberapa informan cenderung mencari pekerjaan dengan mudah karena dianggap sebagai pekerja berpengalaman.

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The shortage of Japans productive workforce due to low birth rates, initiating the Japanese government opens opportunities for foreign workers through the TITP (Technical Internship Training Program) scheme. This opportunity was used by Japanese Literature Graduates to enter the Japanese labor market, even in the low-skilled sector.

This study aims to investigate the factors considered in the decision of educated workers to undertake an internship program to Japan through the TITP scheme, as well as how the benefits are obtained after undertaking the internship program.

This study is a qualitative-phenomenological method with in-depth interviews with 5 ex-trainees who have a Bachelors degree from State and Private University in Java. The decision to do this internship was approacehd by rational choice theory from James Coleman and Sonja Haug in the decision to migrate through the internship program.

The Research findings include: through the TITP program the informant wants to develop Japanese language skills. The experience during internship becomes a profitable choice when returning to Indonesia as added value to enter Indonesias Labor Market. The experience of working in Japan is a value. Some informants tend to find jobs easily because they are considered as experienced worker."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan alasan yang memotivasi anak bekerja di pertambangan emas ilegal di Kecamatan Sangir Kabupaten Solok Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilihat dari sudut pandang anak itu sendiri dengan menggunakan teori pilihan rasional Coleman. Yang dilakukan penelitian sebelumnya lebih banyak membahas mengenai alasan anak bekerja dilihat dari pandangan orang lain di luar dirinya. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian ini lebih fokus pada alasan anak bekerja dari sudut pandang mereka, di mana hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mereka bekerja karena keinginannya sendiri. Meskipun dipaksa oleh keadaan di luar diri mereka seperti ekonomi keluarga yang kurang sejahtera dan ketiadaan peran orang dewasa sebagai pencari nafkah utama. Melalui perhitungan keuntungan dan resiko pertambangan emas ilegal dianggap sebagai pilihan yang paling rasional bagi mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada lima pekerja anak pertambangan emas ilegal di Kecamatan Sangir, Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Kata Kunci : Pekerja Anak, Pertambangan Emas Ilegal, Pilihan Rasional, Alasan Bekerja

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ABSTRACTThis research attempts to give an explanation of the various reasons that motivate children to work in illegal gold mining industry in the District Sangir South Solok regency of West Sumatra Province. This study applies the rational choice theory to describe the children rsquo s motivation. If previous studies discuss about the reasons why children work depending on the external factors such as the economy and unemployed parents, this research is focused on the internal reasoning from the children rsquo s perspective. The results show that they were working for their own motivation, despite being forced by circumstances beyond themselves, coming from less economically prosperous family, and the weak of parents rsquo role as the source of income. Through the calculation of risk and benefits, working in the illegal gold mining industry is still regarded as the most rational choice for them. This case study applies qualitative method about five child labour in the illegal gold mining industry in the District Sangir, South Solok, West Sumatra Province. Data were collected through interviews and observations.Keywords Child Labor, Illegal Gold Mining, Rational Choice, Reason to Work"