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"ABSTRAKPerseroan terbatas sebagai suatu subjek hukum mempunyai tanggung jawab yangdibatasi, sebagai subjek hukum perseroan diangap bertanggung jawab atas segalakegiatan termasuk terhadap kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Tindakan ultra vires Direksipada dasarnya merupakan setiap tindakan yang bersifat melampaui kewenangan yangtelah diberikan Direksi yang merupakan wakil perseroan dan melaksanakanpengurusan dalam merealisasikan maksud, tujuan serta kegiatan usaha perseroan.Tindakan tersebut dapat merugikan perseroan, pemegang saham dan pihak ketigayang sangat berperan dalam menunjang kelangsungan usaha perseroan. Pokokpermasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban DireksiPT Tedco Resources yang melampaui kewenangannya kepada pemegang saham danpihak ketiga. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dimanapenelitian menitikberatkan pada studi kepustakaan pada data sekunder. Daripenelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pemegang saham maupun pihak ketigayang dirugikan akibat tindakan Direksi PT Tedco Resources yang melampauikewenangannya dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban dengan mengajukanmengajukan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum ke Pengadilan Negeri. Adapunpemegang saham dapat mengajukan derivative suit berdasarkan Pasal 97 ayat (6)Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas maupun gugatanlangsung (direct suit). Sedangkan pihak ketiga yang mengalami kerugian dapatmengajukan gugatan atas dasar perbuatan melawan hukum sebagaimana ketentuanpasal 1365 KUHPerdata, dimana selanjutnya untuk dapat memintapertanggungjawaban Direksi secara pribadi diperlukan suatu pemeriksaan terlebihdahulu terhadap perseroan untuk membuktikan bahwa kerugian terjadi akibattindakan kesalahan Direksi sebagaimana pasal 138 ayat 1 huruf (b) Undang-undangNo. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas.

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ABSTRACTLimited liability company as a legal subject has limited responsibilities, considered asa subject of company law are responsible for any activity including against lossesincurred. Ultra vires act of the Directors is basically any action that is beyond theauthority that has been granted the Directors who represent the company and carryout the maintenance in the realization of the purpose, objectives and businessactivities of the company. Such actions may cause financial loss to the company,shareholders and third parties who play an important role in supporting the company'sbusiness continuity. The issue in this research is how legal responsibility of Directorsof Tedco Resources which exceeded its authority to shareholders and third parties.This research method is a normative research, where research focuses on the study ofliterature in the secondary data. From this study, it was concluded that theshareholders or third parties harmed by the actions of PT Tedco Resources Boardwho exceeded his authority can compensate such loss by filing a tort lawsuit filed tothe District Court. The shareholder may fill derivative suit based on Article 97paragraph (6) of Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies andlawsuits (direct suits). While the third party may fill a tort lawsuit to compensate theirloss as the provisions of Article 1365 Civil Code, which in turn for Director to beliable fully personally, required an inspection prior to the company to prove that theloss occurred due to mistakes of Directors acts as Article 138 paragraph 1subparagraph (b) of Act No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies."

"Perseroan Terbatas lahir sebagai Badan Hukum sejak anggaran dasarnya yang dimuat dalam akta pendirian yang dibuat dengan akta notaris dalam bahasa Indonesia, telah diterbitkan Surat Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM RI tentang pengesahannya sebagai Badan Hukum. Undang Undang Perseroan Terbatas telah mengatur ketentuan jangka waktu (daluwarsa) untuk setiap jenis permohonan yaitu permohonan pengasahan Perseroan Terbatas sebagai Badan Hukum, permohonan persetujuan dan atau pemberitahuan perubahan anggaran dasar dan permohonan pemberitahuan perubahan data perseroan terbatas. Perubahan anggaran dasar dapat dituangkan dalam akta risalah rapat yang dibuat dibawah tangan, dengan adanya jangka waktu kewajiban untuk menuangkan dalam akta notaris. Lewatnya waktu atas penyampaian setiap jenis permohonan dan penuangan akta risalah rapat dibawah tangan kedalam akta notaris dapat dikenakan sanksi menurut Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas. Notaris oleh Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas telah ditunjuk selaku kuasa pendiri dalam pengajuam permohonan pengesahan dan kuasa Direksi dalam pengajuan permohonan perubahan anggaran dasar dan perubahan data perseroan secara elektronik melalui Sistim Administrasi Badan Hukum (SABH). Sdanya ketidaksesuaian antara dasar dan jangka waktu permohonan antara Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dengan Aplikasi Sistim Administrasi Badan Hukum, maka diperlukan reposisi ketentuan lewat waktu dan sanksinya.

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Limited Liability Company formed as when its charter was approved and ratified by the Decree of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights. Limited Liability Company Act has set the terms of a (shelf) for each type of application is an application tuning as a Limited Liability Company Law Board, requesting approval or notification and amendments and request notification of data changes limited liability company Amendments can be contained in the deed of minutes of meetings are made under the hand, with the obligation period to pour in a notarial deed. Over time the delivery of any type of application and deed pouring into the hands of minutes of meetings under the deed may be penalized according to the Limited Liability Company Law. Notary by the Limited Liability Company Law has been appointed as the attorney-founder of the adoption petition and the Board of Directors authorized the filing amendments and changes in the company's data is electronically through the Electronic Administration System of Legal Status (SABH). The discrepancy between the base and the time period between the application for a Limited Liability Company Law with Application Administration System of Law, it is necessary to reposition the passing of time and the penalty provisions."

"Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas mewajibkan adanya penyetoran modal ditempatkan secara penuh pada pendirian perseroan terbatas. Akan tetapi, dalam penerapannya pendirian perseroan terbatas seringkali tidak disertai penyetoran modal ditempatkan secara penuh meskipun penyetoran modal ditempatkan secara penuh menjadi syarat bagi perseroan terbatas untuk dapat mengajukan permohonan pengesahan status badan hukum dari Kementerian Hukum dan HAM. Salah satu dokumen pendukung pendirian perseroan terbatas dalam sehubungan dengan permohonan status badan hukum adalah surat pernyataan setor modal. Dalam praktiknya, meskipun diketahui adanya penyetoran modal ditempatkan tidak secara penuh, namun surat pernyataan setor modal ini tetap dibuat untuk mengajukan permohonan pengesahan status badan hukum perseroan terbatas. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai akibat hukum yang timbul sebagai akibat dari pendirian perseroan terbatas dengan penyetoran modal ditempatkan tidak secara penuh baik secara umum maupun secara khusus bagi pemegang saham, serta untuk melakukan analisis terhadap efektivitas penerapan ketentuan kewajiban penyetoran modal ditempatkan secara penuh dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa diperlukan adanya sanksi dan pengawasan yang lebih tegas berkenaan dengan kewajiban penyetoran modal ditempatkan secara penuh pada pendirian perseroan terbatas di masa yang akan datang.

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The Company Law requires a fully paid capital in a limited liability company establishment. However, the implementation of limited liability company establishment frequently neglected the fully paid of issued capital obligation although the fully paid issued capital obligation is a requirement for the limited liability company in order to obtain the legal entity status from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. One of the supporting documents of limited liability company establishment in relation to the legal entity status application is the statement letter of capital payment. In practice, although it is known that the issued capital is not fully paid, the statement letter of capital payment proceed to be issued in order to submission of legal entity status application of the limited liablity company. This research disscussed the legal consequence which arises as the result of limited liability company establishment through not fully paid issued capital either in general or particularly for the shareholder, also to implement analysis on effectivity of implementation of the fully paid issued capital obligation provided in the Company Law. The result of this research suggest that more assertive sanction and supervision is required in relation to the fully paid issued capital obligation for limited liability establishment in the future."

"Kepemilikan atas saham dalam sebuah Perseroan Terbatas merupakan hal penting karena memberikan hak bagi para pemegang saham untuk melakukan beberapa hal seperti: menghadiri dan mengeluarkan suara dalam Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS); menerima pembayaran dividen dan hasil likuidasi; serta menjalankan hak lain sesuai undang-undang. Pentingnya kepemilikan atas saham tersebut menyebabkan seringnya timbul sengketa dalam praktik pengalihannya yang menyebabkan hilangnya nama pemegang saham dari Daftar Pemegang Saham yang terdaftar dalam Sistem Administrasi Hukum Umum (SABH) yang dimiliki Direktorat Jenderal Administrasi Hukum Umum (Ditjen AHU). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang didukung dengan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengaturan pada hukum positif di Indonesia, hilangnya kepemilikan saham dari Daftar Pemegang Saham menimbulkan beberapa akibat hukum. Ditjen AHU memiliki wewenang untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada pemegang saham tersebut melalui pemblokiran dan pembukaan blokir akses SABH.  Adapun peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM yang terbaru dapat menjadi payung hukum dalam memberikan legal standing kepada pemegang saham yang sudah tidak terdaftar untuk dapat mengajukan permohonan pemblokiran demi tercapainya keadilan serta kepastian hukum.

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The ownership of shares in a Limited Liability Company (LLC) is crucial, as it grants shareholders various rights, such as the right to attend and vote at the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS), receive dividend payments and liquidation proceeds, and exercise other rights in accordance with the law. However, due to the significance of share ownership, disputes often arise during the transfer process, resulting in the removal of shareholders' names from the Register of Shareholders in the General Legal Administration System (SABH) maintained by the Directorate General of General Legal Administration (Ditjen AHU). This research employs a normative juridical approach supported by field studies to address the issue at hand. The findings indicate that under Indonesian positive law, the loss of share ownership from the Register of Shareholders carries legal consequences. The Directorate General of AHU has the authority to protect shareholders by blocking and unblocking SABH access. The latest regulation issued by the Minister of Law and Human Rights grants legal standing to shareholders who are no longer registered, allowing them to request SABH access blocking to ensure justice and legal certainty."

"As a prerequisite for life, every human being needs clean water. The more populated an area is, the more volume of water needed. Jakarta as a metropolitan city and the most populated area of Indonesia also face the same condition: its 12 million population needs kilotons of water daily. Therefore, the need for an established reliable and integrated clean water service in Jakarta is getting more and more important.ince decades ago, PAM Jaya has been the only municipal waterworks that operates in Jakarta. Yet, due to heavily indebted financial condition, it is impossible Far PAM Jaya to improve much of its service. Therefore, PAM Jaya then partnered with two world's giant in waterworks service, one of them is PALYJA. With helps from its partners, PAM Jaya's service is increasing gradually.However, some public considered the partnership only profit the partners, because after 7 years of the agreement, PAM Jaya is then burdened with new debts due to imbalanced proportion between the cost of water and the price. After many renegotiations took place, the agreement was then revised to a condition that PAM Jaya will not suffer losses, unless major changes in the business environment take place.The question arose is then asking when PAM Jaya, after being bound with the agreement, will be able to pay all the debts. In other word, when will PAM Jaya be free from its current indebted situation? Answering this, some projection has been made trying to foresee the future condition. The latest official projection stated that all the debts that PAM Jaya bear, either existing debts to the Ministry of Finance or the later operational debts to the partner would be paid by the year 2009. This implies that starting from 2010 PAM Jaya will continuously be a very profitable company.Further question to ask is then whether the profit earned by PAM Jaya is at the cost of Jakarta citizen's interest, i.e. by charging an expensive price to its customers, or can it act like a truly public service company by keeping the water price low and affordable to everybody in Jakarta, while maintaining its profitability."