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"Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dan menjadi tantangan karena menyebar luas secara cepat. Jumlah virus SARS-CoV-2 ditemukan tinggi pada awal infeksi di rongga mulut dan saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Tindakan bedah di rongga mulut memiliki potensi tinggi untuk transmisi SARS-CoV-2. American Dental Association (ADA) dan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) merekomendasikan berkumur hidrogen peroksida 1,5% atau iodin povidon 0,2% sebelum tindakan medis. Mengurangi jumlah virus di saluran pernapasan bagian atas pada awal infeksi menurunkan keparahan perkembangan penyakit dan risiko transmisi. Nilai cycle threshold (CT) dari hasil pemeriksaan real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) merepresentasikan secara semikuantitatif viral load. Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis pengaruh berkumur iodin povidon 1% dan hidrogen peroksida 3% terhadap nilai CT RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2. Metode Penelitian: 45 subjek penelitian diambil dari pasien Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Subjek penelitian dibagi ke dalam kelompok iodin povidon 1%, kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3%, dan kelompok kontrol. Subjek penelitian berkumur 30 detik di rongga mulut dan 30 detik di tenggorokan belakang dengan 15 ml sebanyak 3 kali sehari selama 5 hari. Analisis nilai CT dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan RT-PCR pada hari ke-1, hari ke-3, dan hari ke-5 setelah berkumur. Hasil: Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada hasil uji Friedman dan tampak peningkatan nilai CT RT-PCR mulai dari awal, hari ke-1, hari ke-3, dan hari ke- 5 pada keseluruhan kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji Post- Hoc dengan Wilcoxon menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada keseluruhan kelompok hari nilai CT RT-PCR dari keseluruhan kelompok dan kelompok iodin povidon 1%. Perbedaan bermakna sebagian besar kelompok hari nilai CT RT-PCR ditemukan dari hasil uji Post-Hoc dengan Wilcoxon pada kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3% dan kelompok kontrol, kecuali antara hari ke-1 dengan hari ke-3 dan antara hari ke-3 dengan hari ke-5 pada kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3% dan antara hari ke-3 dengan hari ke-5 pada kelompok kontrol. Peningkatan tertinggi nilai CT RT-PCR awal hingga hari ke-1 ditemukan pada kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3%, sedangkan antara hari ke-1 hingga ke-3 dan hari ke-3 hingga hari ke-5 ditemukan pada kelompok iodin povidon 1%. Usia dan jenis kelamin ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perubahan nilai CT RT-PCR. Kesimpulan: Berkumur iodin povidon 1% dan hidrogen peroksida 3% berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan nilai CT RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2. Peningkatan tertinggi nilai CT RT-PCR awal hingga hari ke-1 ditemukan pada kelompok hidrogen peroksida 3%, sedangkan antara hari ke-1 hingga ke-3 dan hari ke-3 hingga hari ke-5 ditemukan pada kelompok iodin povidon 1%.

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and poses a challenge because it can spread rapidly. The number of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be high at the beginning of infection in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Surgery in the oral cavity poses high transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2. The American Dental Association (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the use of mouthrinse either 1.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.2% povidone iodine before commencing any surgical treatment. Reducing the viral load in the upper respiratory tract at the early of infection may decrease the severity of disease progression and the risk of transmission. The cycle threshold (CT) value from the real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination semi-quantitatively represents the viral load.

Objective: To analyze the effect of mouthrinsing and gargling with 1% povidone iodine and 3% hydrogen peroxide on the CT value of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: 45 subjects were patients recruited from Persahabatan General Hospital infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into 1% povidone iodine group, the 3% hydrogen peroxide group, and the control group. The subjects were instructed to rinse their mouths for 30 seconds and gargle for 30 seconds at the back of the throat with 15 mL of the mouthrinse 3 times a day for 5 days. Analysis of CT values were carried out using RT-PCR on day 1, day 3 and day 5 after mouthrinsing and gargling.

Results: Significant differences were found in the results of the Friedman test, and the CT value demonstrated increases from the initial, day 1, day 3 and day 5 in the whole group and each group. The results of the Post-Hoc test with Wilcoxon showed significant differences in the whole day group of the CT value of the whole group and the 1% povidone iodine group. Significant differences in most of the day group were found from the results of the Post-Hoc test with Wilcoxon in the 3% hydrogen peroxide group and the control group, except between day 1 and day 3 and between day 3 and day 5 in the 3% hydrogen peroxide group and between day 3 and day 5 in the control group. The highest increase in the initial CT value until day 1 was found in the 3% hydrogen peroxide group, while the increase between days 1 to 3 and day 3 to day 5 was found in the 1% povidone iodine group. Age and gender showed no significant correlation with changes in CT values.

Conclusion: Mouthrinsing and gargling with 1% povidone iodine and 3% hydrogen peroxide were found to increase the CT value of SARS-CoV-2. The highest increase in the initial CT value until day 1 was found in the 3% hydrogen peroxide group, while between days 1 to 3 and day 3 to day 5 was found in the 1% povidone iodine group."

"Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati ketahanan korosi dari TAD berbahan SS setelah pemaparan pada tiga jenis larutan kumur yang berbeda yang ditinjau dari permukaan topografi dan komposisi atomik. Metode : 28 unit TAD berbahan Stainless Steel dibagi secara merata ke dalam 4 kelompok larutan kumur (sodium fluoride 0,2%, povidone iodine 1%, kitosan 1,5%, dan air destilasi) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 7 unit TAD. Setelah 3 bulan perendaman dilakukan evaluasi ketahanan korosi material TAD SS menggunakan scanning electrone microscope (SEM) untuk melihat topografi permukaan dan energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) untuk melihat komposisi atomik pada permukaan logam TAD SS. Hasil : Uji SEM menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara permukaan TAD SS setelah pemaparan dalam larutan sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, dan larutan kontrol (air destilasi) yaitu permukaan menjadi kasar dan terbentuk korosi lubang/intergranular. Namun pada TAD SS yang direndam dalam larutan kitosan hanya mengalami perubahan permukaan menjadi kasar tanpa disertai korosi lubang/intergranular. Sementara uji EDS menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara komposisi atomik TAD berbahan logam stainless steel setelah dipaparkan dalam larutan Fluoride, povidone iodine, kitosan, dan air destilasi (kontrol). Kesimpulan : Perendaman TAD SS 316L pada ketiga larutan kumur memicu proses korosi yang terlihat dari kekasaran permukaan logam paska perendaman, dengan larutan sodium fluoride dan povidone iodine bersifat lebih korosif, sementara larutan kitosan yang paling tidak korosif. TAD SS 316L memiliki biokompatibilitas yang baik terlihat dari pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium yang minimal pada seluruh sampel TAD SS paska perendaman.

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Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steel TAD after immersion in three mouthwash solutions marked by topography surface and atomic composition. Methods : 28 unit stainless steel TADs were divided into 4 group of mouthwashes (0,2% sodium fluoride, 1% povidone iodine, 1,5% chitosan, and distilled water as control group) each consisting of 7 TADs. After 3 months of immersion, the corrosion resistance of SS TAD will be evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the surface topography and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the atomic composition. Results: SEM images showed no significant difference between the surface topography of SS TAD after immersion in sodium fluoride, povidone iodine, and distilled water as they exhibit surface roughness and the presence of pitting/intergranular corrosion. However, SS TAD immersed in chitosan solution only displayed surface roughness without any sign of pitting/intergranular corrosion. EDS examination showed no significant difference between the atomic composition of SS TAD immersed in all mouthwash solutions. Conclusions : Immersion of SS TAD 316L in three different mouthwashes induced corrosion process which is shown by the surface roughness after 3 months of immersion. Sodium fluoride and povidone iodine mouthwash have shown to be more corrosive, while chitosan mouthwash was the least corrosive. SS TAD 316L displayed good biocompatibility which is shown by minimal release of nickel and chromium ions on all TAD samples after immersion"

"In deep periodontal lesions, scaling and root planning (SRP) failed to complete elimination of periodontal bacteria, so chemical antimicrobial agents are used topically to destroy microorganism. Povidon-iodin 10% is one of antimicrobial agents that can be applied topically anddirectly in the pocket. The aim of the research were evaluated the efficacy of povidon-iodin l0% as chemical antimicrobial agents locally applied into periodontal pocket. The data are obtained from patients with chronic adult periodontitis baseline periodontal pocket depth (PPD) are 5-7 mm. The teeth are scaled and root planed after clinical examinations ( plaque index, papilla bleeding index and periodontal pocket depth ) and test sites or control sites are assisned randomly. Topically application of povidon-iodin 10% at test sites and aquabides at control sites is applied at day 1st and day 7th. The clinical parameters are assessed at day 14th. The results of the research showed that application of povidon-iodin l0% afer SRP provide statistically significant more favorable papilla bleeding index reduction than SRP + aquabides after 14 days. The pocket depth reduction at testsites are greater than control sites ( baseline PPD=6 and 7 mm). The conclusions of the research showed that application subgingival povidon-iodin 10% as adjunctive to SRP significantly reducePBI and PPD ( 6 & 7 mm ) than without application povidon-iodin 10%."

"Kulit merupakan sistem pertahanan eksternal, langsung menjalani proses penyembuhan luka ketika terjadi luka dan banyak orang cenderung memberi proses penyembuhan luka dengan agen antiseptik, povidone iodine 10 Betadine . Namun, terdapat ide baru tentang penggunaan povidone iodine 5 pada penyembuhan luka kulit yang dapat memberikan efek yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efek berbeda dari penggunaan konsentrasi yang berbeda dari povidone iodine pada jumlah PMN, fibroblast, dan serat kolagen dan untuk menentukan kadar 5 atau 10 yang lebih cocok untuk digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus sebagai sampel, masing-masing tikus diberikan 3 luka dengan 3 perlakuan berbeda terdiri dari kontrol, povidone iodine 10 , dan povidone iodine 5 . Pada hari ke-3, tiga tikus pertama dikorbankan dan pada hari ke-7 3 tikus berikut dikorbankan, lalu dibuat spesimen histologi dengan mengambil area luka dan diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk menganalisis jumlah PMN dan fibroblast, serta Van Gieson menganalisis serat kolagen. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara povidone iodine 5 dan 10 dalam proses keseluruhan penyembuhan luka yang dilihat dari jumlah PMN, fibroblast, dan serat kolagen.

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Skin is an external defense system, directly undergo wound healing process when scars occur and people tend to interfere the wound healing process with antiseptic agents, in this case is the use of povidone iodine 10 Betadine . However, there is new idea about the appliance of povidone iodine 5 on cutaneous wound healing may give different effect. This research aims to compare the different effect of using different concentration of povidone iodine on number of PMN, fibroblast, and collagen fibers during wound healing process and to determine which one is more suitable to use.

This experiment using rats as samples, each rat is given 3 wounds with 3 different treatments consisted of control, povidone iodine 10, and povidone iodine 5. On the 3rd day, the first three rats were sacrificed and on the 7th day the following 3 rats were sacrificed, then made histological specimens by taking the wound area and stained it using Hematoxylin eosin to analyze number of PMN and fibroblast, also Van Gieson to analyze collagen fibers. The result of this experiment is that there is no significant difference among povidone iodine 5 and 10 in overall process or phases of wound healing, as seen from number of PMN, fibroblast, as well as collagen fibers. "