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"Latar Belakang: Perforasi merupakan suatu kesalahan yang dapat menyebabkan dampak luas pada perawatan endodontik. Hal ini bisa terjadi saat melakukan akses ke kamar pulpa dan akan melibatkan jaringan periodonsium. Oleh sebab itu perforasi harus segera ditutup untuk meminimalkan terjadinya kontaminasi baik yang terjadi selama perawatan maupun setelah perawatan. Untuk diperlukan bahan yang mempunyai biokompatibilitas baik dan waktu setting yang pendek serta mempunyai kemampuan penutupan yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan kebocoran mikro antara MTA dengan Biodentine sebagai bahan penutup perforasi akses. Metode: Kebocoran mikro dinilai dengan melihat penetrasi zat metilen biru antara bahan restorasi dengan dinding perforasi saluran akar menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Analisis data dengan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menunjukkan hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kebocoran mikro antara Biodentine dan MTA Kesimpulan: Biodentine dan MTA tidak ada perbedaan dalam hal kebocoran mikro yang digunakan sebagai bahan penutup perforasi akses.

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Background: Perforation is one of the most common problem can cause wide effect in endodontic treantment. It happened when operator tried to make an access to the pulp chamber. Contamination to the root canal from the perforation site can decreased the healing abbility, that is why perforation had to be treated as soon as it happened. The aim of this present study was to evaluate microleakage on MTA and Biodentine as material for treat access perforation.

Methods: Microleakage was evaluated by assassed metilen blue penetration between restoration material and perforation site using stereo microscope. The data was analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Results: Based on data analyzing there is no differences between two materials.

Conclusion: MTA and Biodentine had no significant differences on microleakage as a treatment material for access perforation."

"Pendahuluan: Kehadiran jenis braket sistem self-ligating pasif menambah variasi jenis braket yang digunakan dalam perawatan ortodonti saat ini, sehingga timbul pertanyaan mengenai efektifitasnya terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Salah satu parameter yang menentukan efektifitas tersebut adalah durasi waktu perawatan yang dibutuhkan untuk memperbaiki maloklusi, misalnya kecepatan penutupan ruang secara en-masse menggunakan elastomeric chain. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektifitas perawatan ortodonti yang dilakukan menggunakan sistem braket self-ligating pasif dan sistem braket konvensional selama tahap penutupan ruang secara en-masse. Metode: Penelitian prospective randomized controlled clinical trial dengan teknik split mouth ini dilakukan selama 11 bulan. Sebelas subyek (3 pria dan 8 wanita usia minimal 15 tahun) dengan pencabutan premolar satu rahang atas dan akan memasuki tahap space closure diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Setiap subyek dipasangkan braket konvensional di satu sisi rahang dan self-ligating pasif di sisi lainnya, dimana penentuannya dilakukan secara random, kemudian diberikan gaya sebesar 150 g dengan powerchain pada kawat SS .019 x .025. Pengukuran jarak penutupan ruang dan kehilangan penjangkaran dilakukan pada T0, T1 (4 minggu), dan T2 (8 minggu). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kecepatan penutupan ruang yang signifikan antara kelompok sistem braket self-ligating pasif dan kelompok sistem braket konvensional (p=0,010) dimana kelompok braket self-ligating pasif memiliki kecepatan yang lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok braket konvensional, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kehilangan penjangkaran yang signifikan secara statistik antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Kesimpulan: Sistem braket self-ligating pasif memiliki efektifitas yang lebih baik karena dapat mempercepat durasi waktu perawatan ortodonti.

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Introduction: The presences of passive self - ligating bracket system add variety of bracket type used in today's orthodontic treatment, so that raised question in regard to the effectiveness of the treatment. One of the parameters that determines the effectiveness of the treatment is the time required to fix malocclusion, e.g. rate of en - masse closing space using elastomeric chain.

Objectives: To study the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment using passive self - ligating system and conventional system during space closure stages.

Methods: Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial with a split mouth technique was carried out for 11 months. Eleven subjects (3 men and 8 women with age minimum of 15 year old) with the extraction of the first premolars, where it will enter the space closure stage were included in this study. Each subject was bonded with conventional bracket on one side of the arch and with passive self - ligating on the other side which was determined randomly, was given a force of 150 g with power chain on .019 x .025 SS wire. The measurement of space closure and loss of anchorage were performed at T0, T1 (4 weeks), and T2 (8 weeks).

Result: There was significant differences of the average rate of closing space between passive self - ligating system and conventional system group (p = 0.010), for which a group of passive self - ligating system has a greater speed compare than conventional group, though there was no difference in loss of anchorage between the two groups.

Conclusion: The passive self - ligating system is more effective because it can reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan restorasi proksimal resin komposit adalah adaptasi yang rapat tepi restorasi dan dinding gingiva kavitas. Restorasi resin komposit akan mengalami kontraksi saat polimerisasi sehingga terdapat celah antara tepi restorasi dan kavitas. Celah ini dapat menimbulkan kebocoran mikro sehingga menyebabkan bakteri, cairan, molekul, dan ion masuk kedalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding gingiva restorasi proksimal resin komposit nanohibrid antara teknik inkremental, bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, dan tanpa aktivasi sonik.Metode: Kavitas kelas II dipreparasi pada tiga puluh gigi premolar rahang atas dan bawah, kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama ditumpat dengan RK bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, kelompok kedua dengan RK bulk-fill tanpa aktivasi sonik, dan kelompok ketiga dengan RK yang diletakkan secara inkremental. Selanjutnya spesimen direndam dalam air distilasi selama 24 jam dan kemudian dilakukan uji thermocycling, yang diikuti perendaman dalam metilen biru 1% selama 24 jam. Gigi selanjutnya dibelah longitudinal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo pembesaran 25x dan dinilai dalam skala ordinal (0-3). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik di antara tiga kelompok.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada satupun dari kelompok RK bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, bulk-fill tanpa aktivasi sonik dan yang diletakkan secara inkremental yang dapat menghilangkan kebocoran mikro pada dinding gingiva kavitas kelas II.Kata kunci: kebocoran mikro, teknik peletakan resin komposit, kontraksi

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Background One of the factor that determine the success of proximal composite restoration is a good marginal adaptation at the interface area Composite resin will undergo contraction during polimerization which may result gap formation between the wall cavity and restoration. The gap can cause a microleakage and resulting a passage for bacteria fluid molecules and ions The purpose of this study is to analize the microleakage of gingival wall nanohybrid composite restoration that filled using sonic activated bulk bulk without sonic activation and incremental techniques.

Methods Standardized class II cavities were prepared on 30 extracted human upper and lower human teeth and randomly assigned to three groups The first group were filled with sonicactivated bulk fill composite resin the second group were filled with bulk fill composite resin without sonic activation and the third group were filled incrementally. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then subjected to thermocycling followed by immersion in 1 methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under 25x magnification stereomicroscope and scored in ordinal scale 0 3 Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test.

Results There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups Conclusion None of the the techniques was capable of eliminating the microleakage on gingival wall cavity preparations."

"Comprehensive guide to clinical and surgical orthodontics for dental students. In depth coverage of diagnosis, treatment planning, materials, appliances and mechanics."

"Latar Belakang: Zoledronat merupakan jenis obat bisfosfonat yang paling kuat dalam menghambat resorpsi tulang. Zoledronat terbukti dapat menghambat pergerakan gigi ortodonti dan memperkuat penjangkaran maksimum, pada studi hewan. Sebagian besar studi masih menggunakan obat zoledronat dalam bentuk injeksi. Sediaan topikal mulai dikembangkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ditimbulkan melalui pemberian obat secara injeksi Gel dan emulsi gel (emulgel) merupakan jenis sediaan obat topikal semi padat. Uji stabilitas suatu produk farmasi perlu dilakukan untuk menilai kemampuan suatu formulasi dalam mempertahankan sifat dan karakteristiknya saat pengemasan selama periode penyimpanan dan penggunaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan stabilitas fisik gel dan emulgel zoledronat yang disimpan pada suhu ruang (28±2°C) dan akselerasi (40°C) selama 8 minggu pengamatan. Metode penelitian: Gel dan emulgel disimpan selama 8 minggu pada suhu 28±2°C dan 40°C. Parameter stabilitas fisik yang dilihat antara lain organoleptis, pH, daya sebar, viskositas dan ukuran globul emulgel. Evaluasi dilakukan pada hari pertama, minggu ke-2,4,6 dan 8. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada seluruh parameter antar sediaan gel dan emulgel pada setiap waktu pengamatan. Pada sediaan emulgel yang disimpan di suhu 28±2°C, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada parameter viskositas, daya sebar dan ukuran globul selama 8 minggu pengamatan. Pada sediaan gel yang disimpan pada suhu 28±2°C, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada seluruh parameter selama 8 minggu pengamatan. Kesimpulan: Emulgel zoledronat yang disimpan pada suhu 28±2°C selama 8 minggu stabil menurut semua parameter-parameter fisik yang diuji, kecuali pH. Perubahan pada nilai pH masih dekat dengan kisaran normal pH pada rongga mulut. Selain itu, gel zoledronat yang disimpan pada suhu 28±2°C selama 8 minggu dapat disimpulkan tidak stabil.

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Introduction: Zoledronate is the most potent bisphosphonate at inhibiting bone resorption. Zoledronate has been shown to inhibit orthodontic tooth movement and increase maximum anchorage in animal studies. Most studies are still using zoledronate in injectable form. The strategy to overcome problems associated with drug administration by injection is to develop zoledonate that can be administered topically. Gel and emulsion gel (emulgel) are a semi-solid drug preparation. Stability testing of pharmaceutical product must be done to evaluate the capability of a particular formulation to retain its properties and characteristics at the time of packaging throughout its period of storage and use. This study aims to compare the physical stability of zoledronat gel and emulgel stored in room temperature (28±2°C) and accelerated temperature (40°C) for eight weeks. Methods: Gel and emulgel were stored in room temperature (28±2°C) and accelerated temperature (40°C) for eight weeks. The physical stability parameters that were used in this study is organoleptic, pH, spreadability, viscosity and globule size diameter for emulgel preparation. Gel and emulgel were evaluated on the first day, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week and 8th week. Results: There were statistically significant differences in all stability parameters, except pH, between gel and emulgel prepatations. For emulgel preparations that was stored in room temperature, there was no statistically significant differences in viscosity, spreadability and globule size diameter during eight weeks of observation. For gel preparations that was stored in room temperature, there were significant differences in all stability parameters during eight week of observation. Conclusion: According to the parameters in physical stability test, except pH, zoledronate emulgel stable in room temperature (28±2°C) storage for eight week observation. The changes in pH values was near from normal pH range in oral cavity. Other than that, zoledronate gel was not stable in room temperature (28±2°C) storage for eight week observation."

"With a concise, focused review of orthodontic concepts and current clinical information, including diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical treatment, MOSBY'S ORTHODONTIC REVIEW is the resource you need to achieve the best results for success on competency examinations as well as excellent clinical outcomes. From foundational concepts to more subjective areas of treatment planning and clinical treatment, this book includes a wealth of information from distinguished educators, recent graduates, and practicing professionals to help you prepare for the NBDE, Part II and the ABO written and cl."