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"Latar Belakang: Cedera reperfusisaat IKPP dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian sel miokard hingga 50% dari luas infark. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan tatalaksanayang mampu mengurangi dampak cedera reperfusi. Pengkondisian iskemia dari luar jantung(remote ischemic conditioning/RIC) telah berkembang menjadi perlakuan non invasif, murah dan mudahyang dapat membatasi cedera reperfusi. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui efek perlakuan pengkondisan iskemia pada ekstremitasterhadap luas infarkyang diukurdengan resonansi magnetik jantung padapasienIMA-ESTyang menjalani IKPP. Metode: Uji klinis ini merandomisasi117pasien infark miokard denganelevasi segmen ST onset kurang dari 12 jam untuk menerimapengkondisian iskemia dari luar jantung (4 siklus 5 menit inflasi dan deflasi manset tekanan darahpada ekstremitas bawah) atau kontrol (manset dibiarkanselama 40 menit) sebelum IKPP. Luaranprimer penelitianiniadalahluas infark akhir yangdiukur dengan RMJ pada mingguke4-6pasca IKPP yang dilakukan pada40pasien. Luaran sekunder yaitufraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri dan adanya obstruksi mikrovaskular yang dinilai olehRMJ. Hasil: Penelitian:RIC mengurangi luas infark sebesar 35% dibandingkan dengan kontrol (14,7% [n = 19] vs 22,7% [n = 21]; p = 0,049) pada pasien IMA EST yang menjalani IKPP. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri pada minggu ke 4 sampai 6 setelah IKPP (EF RMJ, 52,6% vs 48,3%; p = 0,476) dan keberadaan obstruksi mikrovaskular (1 vs 4; p = 0,345) antara kelompok RIC dan kontrol. Kesimpulan: PerlakuanPengkondisian Iskemia Ekstremitas sebelum tindakan IKPP pada pasien IMA EST mengurangi luas infark yang dinilai dengan pencitraan RMJ.

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Background: Reperfusion injury during PPCI contributes up to 50% of the final myocardial infarct size. Therefore, novel therapeutic interventions are required to protect the heart against myocardial reperfusion injury. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a simple, low cost, non-invasiveintervention for protecting the heart against acuteischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objectives: To determine whether RIC initiated prior to PPCI could reduce myocardial infarct MI size in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods: We randomly assigned 117 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with onset less than 12 hours to receive RIC (4 5-min cycles of cuff inflation/deflation on lower extremities) or control (uninflatedcuff for 40 minutes) protocols prior to PPCI. The primary study endpoint was final infarct size, measured by CMR in40subjects on weeks 4 to 6 after admission. Secondary endpoints was the left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of microvascular obstruction assessed by CMR.

Result: RIC reduced MI size by35%, when compared with control subjects (14,7% [n= 19] vs22,7% [n= 20]; p=0.049)in STEMI patient underwent PPCI. There was no significant difference in LV function at4 to 6 weeks after admission (EFCMR, 52,6%versus48,3%; p = 0,476) and presence of MVO (1 vs 4; p = 0,345) between the RIC andcontrolgroups.

Conclusion: This randomized study demonstrated that in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by PPCI, RIC, initiated prior to PPCI, reducedfinalMI size, however it has no effect on left ventricular function and the presence of MVO."

"Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) atau infark miokard (IMA) adalah salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Tindakan reperfusi miokardial merupakan pendekatan utama dalam penanganan PJK. Cedera iskemia-reperfusi (IRI) mewakili cedera tambahan pada otot jantung yang terjadi akibat disfungsi seluler setelah proses reperfusi. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) merupakan protein yang berperan dalam induksi angiogenesis dan meningkatkan permeabilitas vaskuler. VEGF penting dalam pembentukan pembuluh darah kolateral pasca IMA, namun kadar VEGF yang terlalu tinggi diketahui mengakibatkan restenosis pasca tindakan intervensi koroner perkutan primer (IKPP). Kolkisin dosis rendah diketahui menurunkan kadar VEGF. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh pemberian kolkisin terhadap penurunan kadar VEGF pada serum pasien infark miokard akut-elevasi segmen ST (IMA-EST) sebelum dan pada 48 jam pasca tindakan reperfusi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain uji klinik tersamar ganda (double blinded randomized clinical trial) yang melibatkan 63 subjek. Pada hasil penelitian didapatkan penurunan kadar VEGF pada 48 jam pasca reperfusi namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada analisis perubahan (delta) kadar VEGF sebelum dan pada 48 jam pasca tindakan reperfusi antara kedua kelompok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang menilai pengaruh pemberian kolkisin terhadap kadar VEGF pada pasien IMA-EST pasca reperfusi. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar penelitian lanjutan untuk menilai penurunan kadar VEGF dengan pemberian kolkisin dalam jangka panjang.

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of death throughout the world. Myocardial reperfusion is the main approach in treating CHD. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents additional injury to the heart muscle that occurs due to cellular dysfunction following the reperfusion process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a protein that plays a role in inducing angiogenesis and increasing vascular permeability. VEGF is important in the formation of collateral blood vessels after MI, but higher levels of VEGF are known to result in restenosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (IKPP). Low-dose colchicine is known to reduce VEGF levels. This study aims to assess the effect of colchicine administration on reducing VEGF levels in the serum of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (IMA-EST) before and 48 hours after reperfusion. The research was conducted using a double-blinded randomized clinical trial design involving 63 subjects. The study result showed the decrease in VEGF levels at 48 hours after reperfusion, but there was no significant difference in the analysis of changes (delta) in VEGF levels before and at 48 hours after reperfusion between the two groups. This study is the first study to assess the effect of colchicine administration on VEGF levels in post-reperfusion IMA-EST patients. This research can be used as a basis for further research to assess the reduction in VEGF levels with long-term administration of colchicine."

"Much has been written about reperfusion injury in the past decade but unfortunately the information has been generally presented in the form of original specialist papers and little if any integral publication exists on the topic, summarising and analysing the clinical impact of the condition and its management. The pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of reperfusion injury are complex and, regarding diagnosis, individual diagnostic techniques have been proposed but without a proper assessment of the relative values of these methods. A publication dealing with integral diagnostic strategies would be welcome by the managing physician. Management of the condition is also problematic, as strategies that appear to work in the experimental models do not translate into beneficial interventions in patients. There is a need for these issues to be addressed and discussed in a monographic fashion. Management of myocardial reperfusion injury will tackle these issues in a modern and systematic way and the information will be delivered in a fashion that will be appealing to the reader."