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"Krisis kredit perumahan subprima yang dia1ami oleh Amerika Serikat menghasilkan kerugian besar pada ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Amerika Serikat. Fondasi dari krisis adalah kepemilikan rumah, yang merupakan salah satu upaya mewujudkan American Dream bagi masyarakat Amerika Serikat, khususnya masyerakat dibawab kelas menengah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetabui alasan terjadinya krisis kredit perumaban subprima di Amerika Serikat dan mengetabui letak kesalaban yang paling kritis sehingga krisis kredit perumaban subprima tidak dapat dihinderi. Analasis yang dilakukan adalab mempalajari makna kepemilikan rumab di Amerika Serikat dan mengidentifikasi peran dari setiap institusi dan konsumen keuangan perumaban Amerika Serikat kemudian mengidentifikasi kesalaban deri setiap sektor

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The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States of America has yielded big losses in America's economy and prosperity of its itizens. Homeovvnership is the foundation of the crisis, where homeownership is one of the means for Americans to realize their American Dreamt especially for citizens below the middle class. The purpose of this research is to find the reasoqsJwhind the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States of America and to determine the critical factors involved in making the crisis Wlavoidable. The analysis consists of studying the meaning of homeQwnecship in America and identifying the institutions dan consumers of homes in America followed by identifying ¢e faults of every sector in the crisis."

"Krisis moneter yang melanda Indonesia membawa dampak buruk perekonomian Indonesia. Akibatnya banyak perusahaan mengalami krisis khususnya perusahaan manufaktur (food and beverages) sehingga tak sedikit perusahaan manufaktur yang gagal memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendek maupun kewajiban jangka panjang yang telah jatuh tempo. Namun kesulitan tersebut bisa dihindari dan diperkecil resikonya jika para pengusaha lebih berhati-hati mengelola keuangan perusahaan. Pengelolaan keuangan yang baik adalah dengan memperhatikan likuiditas dan solvabilitas perusahaan. Solvabilitas perusahaan tercermin pada kemampuan perusahaan memenuhi segala kewajiban perusabaan. Segala aktivitas yang menyangkut pembiayaan, investasi dan operasi perusabaan sangat berpengaruh kepada analisa solvabilitas perusahaan. Salah satu komponen terpenting dari analisa ini adalah komposisi struktur modal yang menunjuk pada sumber pembiayaan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi struktur modal perusahaan dengan mengambil variabel terikat seperti ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, likuiditas, operating leverage dan pertumbuhan penjualan. Perusahaan yang menjadi sampel adalah perusahaan foods and beverages yang ada di Bursa Efek Jakarta dan periode penelitian yaitu tahun 2003-2007

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The monetary crisis that hit Indonesia had a bad impact on the Indonesian economy. As a result, many companies experienced a crisis, especially manufacturing companies (food and beverages) so that not a few manufacturing companies failed to meet their short-term and long-term obligations that were due. However, these difficulties can be avoided and the risks are minimized if entrepreneurs are more careful in managing company finances. Good financial management is by paying attention to the company's liquidity and solvency. The company's solvency is reflected in the company's ability to fulfill all company obligations.

All activities related to the financing, investment and operations of the company greatly affect the analysis of the company's solvency. One of the most important components of this analysis is the composition of the capital structure which refers to the source of the company's financing. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the company's capital structure by taking the dependent variables such as company size, profitability, liquidity, operating leverage and sales growth. The sample companies are foods and beverages companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the research period is 2003-2007."

"In the year of 1997 Indonesia hit by financial dissaster known as monetary crisis. Thousands of bank's customer withdrawn their money in a great numbers from national banks, consequently many private banks in Indonesia have facing with deficit of liquidity. bank of Indonesia as lender of the last resort pouring fresh money into 48 banks arround IDR 144,5 trillion as loan assistance to back up their sort of liquidity, and additional loan assistance gave in 29 January 1999 about IDR 14,447 trillion therefore totally loan assistance in amount is IDR 158,947 trillion. The good faith is to help dying banks in the situation of crisis. Indonesiagovernment supports the loan assistance given by Bank of Indonesia Through releasing presidential decree No. 26/1998.On the first of November 1997 the government liquidated 17 private banks out of 48 receiver banks of the BI loan because of their incapabilityto continue running the banks caused by capital rush in a great amounts. The BI loan received by the 17 closing banks is IDR 11,89 trillion, but untill now the loan backs into state account just only IDR 2,96 trillion. How very protracted is the government in handling the BI loan cases in the history of Republic Indonesia. Protest, demonstration, till accusation against government and legal axamination of the government policy have been done frequently, however the rule of law and the government failed to jail the loan's embezzler, even less to confiscate their properties."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai strategi Bank Negara Indonesia khususnya pada Kantor Cabang Menteng dalam menghadapi krisis moneter sejak tahun 1997 hingga tahun 2000. Ketika krisis moneter menerjang Indonesia pertengahan tahun 1997 perekonomian nasional mendapatkan dampak yang sangat buruk, hal ini berimbas kepada dunia perbankan. Bank Negara Indonesia ikut mengalami kerugian secara finansial selama dua tahun berturut-turut, masalah tersebut diakibatkan Negative Spread yaitu pendapatan yang diterima bank lebih kecil daripada biaya yang harus dikeluarkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, pemerintah melakukan langkah mendasar seperti program penyehatan perbankan salah satunya ialah restrukturisasi bank-bank bermasalah melalui aspek finansial, operasional, dan struktural. Restrukturisasi ini membuahkan hasil dengan perbaikan kinerja rasio keuangan Bank Negara Indonesia pada tahun 2000. Penelitian ini berupaya menjelaskan bagaimana strategi penanggulangan krisis yang dilakukan Bank Negara Indonesia Cabang Menteng selama krisis moneter dan pengaruhnya pada operasional bank. Penelitian ini lebih lanjut menggunakan sumber primer seperti surat kabar, serta laporan tahunan Bank Negara Indonesia juga sumber sejarah lisan berupa wawancara dan sumber sekunder berupa buku/monograf terkait pembahasan krisis moneter dan Bank Negara Indonesia. Penelitian ini memakai metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.

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This research discusses the strategy of Bank Negara Indonesia, especially at the Menteng Branch Office, in dealing with the monetary crisis from 1997 to 2000. When the monetary crisis hit Indonesia in mid-1997, the national economy had a very bad impact, this had an impact on the banking world. Bank Negara Indonesia experienced financial losses for two consecutive years, this problem was caused by Negative Spread, namely the income received by the bank was smaller than the costs it had to incur. To overcome this, the government is taking basic steps such as a banking restructuring program, one of which is restructuring problematic banks through financial, operational and structural aspects. This restructuring resulted in an improvement in the performance of Bank Negara Indonesia's financial ratios in 2000. This research seeks to explain the crisis management strategy implemented by Bank Negara Indonesia Menteng Branch during the monetary crisis and its impact on bank operations. This research further uses primary sources such as newspapers, as well as Bank Negara Indonesia’s annual reports as well as oral history sources in the form of interviews and secondary sources in the form of books/monographs related to discussions of the monetary crisis and Bank Negara Indonesia. This research uses a historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography."