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"ABSTRACTBackground: MiR-21 is known to play a role in osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, but the role of serum miR-21 expression in osteoporosis remains unclear. Previous research found that serum miR-21 expression was positively correlated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, but other factors involved in postmenopausal osteoporosis still unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of serum miR-21 expression, concentration of RANKL, OPG, TGF-β1, sclerostin and serum calcium, RANKL/OPG ratio, and physical activity on bone mineral density of spine in hypoestrogenic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (PMOP) compared with no osteoporosis (PMNOP), with point of interest on the expression of serum miR-21. Methods: this study was conducted by comparative cross-sectional design. The subjects were divided into 2 groups of PMOP and PMNOP. We used an absolute quantification real-time PCR method to determine serum miR-21 expressions level. Results: Median of serum miR-21 expression at the PMOP group was significantly higher compared to PMNOP group (p = 0,001). Serum miR-21 expression, RANKL, RANKL/OPG ratio, and physical activity were significantly correlated with BMD values in the PMOP group. Moderate physical activity was significantly negatively correlated with serum miR-21 expression. We also obtained a linear regression equation BMD = 1,373-0,085*Ln.miR-21-0,176*Log10.RANKL (R2 = 52,5%). Conclusion: serum miR-21 expression in PMOP was higher compared with PMNOP. Serum miR-21 expression proved to have a negative effect on spinal BMD values in hypoestrogenic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis of 8,5%. Obtained equation of BMD = 1,373-0,085*Ln.miR-21-0,176*Log10.RANKL can explain the value of spinal BMD by 52,5%."

"Latar Belakang: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) merupakan tumor intrakranial yang sangat agresif dengan prognosis buruk meskipun telah diberikan terapi standar yang optimal. Kerusakan untai ganda DNA spontan dianggap berhubungan dengan ketidakstabilan genomik serta progresivitas kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh parameter molekuler baru sebagai faktor prognostik yang diharapkan dapat digunakan dalam praktik klinis rutin pada GBM. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis korelasi antara miRNA-328 dengan gamma-H2AX (petanda kerusakan untai ganda DNA) serta perannya terhadap caspase-3 (petanda apoptosis), jalur PI3K/Akt (jalur sinyal teraktivasi), faktor klinis, dan kesintasan pada GBM.Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif menggunakan jaringan tersimpan dari 26 pasien GBM yang diambil sebelum mendapat terapi lengkap. Jaringan dari 7 pasien glioma grade 1 digunakan sebagai kontrol. Analisis miRNA-328 menggunakan metode two-step qRT-PCR; analisis gamma-H2AX, PI3K, Akt, dan caspase-3 menggunakan metode Sandwich ELISA. Uji eksperimental in vitro menggunakan cell line GBM, U-87 MG, yang ditransfeksi dengan miRNA-328 untuk menganalisis peran miRNA-328 terhadap aktivitas ?-H2AX, caspase-3, serta viabilitas sel.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada konsentrasi miRNA-328, gamma-H2AX, PI3K, Akt antara kelompok GBM dengan glioma grade 1 (p<0,05). Pada kelompok GBM diperoleh korelasi negatif antara miRNA-328 dengan gamma-H2AX dan Akt (p<0,05); korelasi positif antara gamma-H2AX dengan PI3K, Akt, serta caspase-3 (p<0,05). Korelasi positif antara gamma-H2AX dengan ukuran tumor (p<0,05). Analisis Kaplan–Meier menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok GBM dengan konsentrasi miRNA-328 tinggi memiliki kesintasan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok dengan konsentrasi miRNA-328 rendah (p<0,05); sedangkan pada kelompok GBM dengan konsentrasi gamma-H2AX tinggi memiliki kesintasan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok dengan konsentrasi gamma-H2AX rendah (p<0,05). Hasil analisis univariat cox regression menunjukkan miRNA-328 dan gamma-H2AX memiliki peran sebagai faktor prognostik potensial pada GBM (p<0,05), sedangkan analisis bivariat menunjukkan potensi miRNA-328 sebagai faktor prognostik independen (p<0,05). Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi miRNA-328 berbanding terbalik dengan gamma-H2AX dan viabilitas sel; konsentrasi miRNA-328 berbanding lurus dengan caspase-3; konsentrasi gamma-H2AX berbanding terbalik dengan caspase-3; serta konsentrasi gamma-H2AX berbanding lurus dengan viabilitas sel GBM.Kesimpulan: MiRNA-328 dan gamma-H2AX sebagai parameter molekuler memiliki potensi sebagai faktor prognostik yang berpengaruh terhadap kesintasan sehingga diharapkan penggunaannya dalam praktik klinis rutin dapat meningkatkan respons terapi serta prognosis pada pasien GBM. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode kohort prospektif serta penelitian in vivo guna mendukung hasil penelitian ini.

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Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is an intracranial tumor which has very aggressive behavior with poor prognosis even though optimal standard therapy has been given. The spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks have association with genomic instability and tumor progression. The objective of this study is to obtain the new molecular parameters that can be used in routine clinical practice as potential prognostic factors in GBM. This study analyzed the correlation between miRNA-328 and gamma-H2AX (marker of spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks) as well as their roles in caspase-3 (marker of apoptosis), PI3K/Akt pathway (activated signal transduction pathway), clinical factors, and survival in GBM.

Methods: A cohort retrospective study using pre-treatment tumor tissue specimens from 26 patients with GBM before undergoing complete therapy. Tumor tissue specimens from 7 patients with grade 1 glioma were used as controls in this study. The two-step qRT-PCR method was used to analyze the concentration of miRNA-328 and the Sandwich ELISA methods were used to analyze the concentrations of gamma-H2AX, PI3K, Akt, caspase-3.

Results: The comparison analyses between GBM group and grade 1 glioma group showed significant differences in miRNA-328, ?-H2AX, PI3K, and Akt concentrations (p<0.05). In GBM group, the results of statistical analyses showed negative correlations between miRNA-328 and gamma-H2AX, as well as Akt (p<0.05); positive correlations between ?-H2AX and PI3K, Akt, caspase-3 (p<0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis in GBM showed that the high-concentration miRNA-328 group had a higher survival rate than the low-concentration miRNA-328 group (p<0.05); and the high-concentration gamma-H2AX group had a lower survival rate than the low-concentration gamma-H2AX group (p<0.05). The univariate cox regression analysis showed the potential roles of miRNA-328 and gamma-H2AX as prognostic factors in GBM (p<0.05), however the bivariate analysis showed miRNA-328 had potency as an independent prognostic factor (p<0.05).

Conclusion: MiRNA-328 and gamma-H2AX as molecular parameters have potency as prognostic factors that effect the survival rate so that the routine clinical application of these parameters can be expected to improve the therapy response and prognosis in GBM patients. Further studies with cohort prospective method and in vivo study to support the results of this study."

"ABSTRAKKarsinoma serviks menduduki tempat pertama keganasan di Indonesia lebih dari separuh penderita karsinoma serviks datang berobat dalam stadium lanjut sehingga hasil pengobatan tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Penentuan stadium karsinoma serviks didasarkan pada keadaan klinis dan hasil histopatologi meskipun begitu penentuan prognosis masih memperlihatkan kekurangan dan ketidaksesuain dengan keadaan pasien. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mempertimbangkan pencarian pendekatan prognosis baru. MicroRNAs miRNAS adalah regulator yang penting pada ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam banyak jalur intraselular yang penting sebagai gen supresor tumor atau onkogen. Disregulasi ekspresi miRNA telah ditemukan pada banyak keganasan manusia. Beberapa studi fokus pada miRNA sebagai biomarker untuk diagnosis kanker dan berhasil mendapatkan hasil yang menjanjikan. Tujuan memberikan gambaran ekspresi miRNA-21 pada sel dan serum sebagai marker prognosis. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengisolasi miRNA-21 dari sampel serum dan sel serviks pasien KSS dan menggunakan RT-PCR untuk menilai ekspresi miRNA-21. Hasil RT-PCR 15 sampel Stadium awal dan lanjut didapatkan ekspresi miRNA-21 pada serum pasien karsinoma serviks stadium awal dan lanjut lebih tinggi dari sampel normal. Stadium awal didapatkan nilai RQ lebih tinggi 3.84 1.02 10.40 kali dari serum normal dan stadium lanjut lebih tinggi 3.94 1.81 6.55 kali dari serum normal sedangkan pada sel didapatkan hasil pada stadium awal didapatkan nilai RQ 2.1 1.06 30.55 lebih tinggi dari sel normal. Pada stadium lanjut didapatkan nilai RQ 0.7 0.12 4.28 yang artinya nilai ekspresi miRNA-21 pada sel lebih rendah 1.42 kali dibanding dari sel normal. Pada penelitian ini miRNA-21 jaringan dengan miRNA serum tidak ada perbedaan bermakna untuk menentukan kanker serviks dengan p>0.05 dengan t-test 0.594 serta ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara miRNA 21 dengan PDCD4 dengan korelasi kuat p

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ABSTRACTCervical carcinoma was first place in malignancy in Indonesia for more than half of cervical carcinoma patients visit for treatment in advanced stages those medical can rsquo t be expected. Staging of cervical carcinoma based on clinical features and histopathological results despite that prognosis was still showing deficiencies and non conformance with the patient 39 s condition. Therefore it was very important to consider finding a new approach to prognosis. MicroRNAs miRNAs were important regulators in the expression of genes involved in many intracellular pathways that were important as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been found in many human malignancies. Some studies focus on miRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of cancer and managed to get promising results. This study aims to provide an overview miRNA 21 expression in the cell and serum as a prognostic marker. This research method was done by isolating miRNA 21 serum samples from patients with SCC and cervical cells and using RT PCR to assess the expression of miRNA 21. Results for 15 samples Stadium early and late obtained miRNA 21 expression in the serum of patients with early stage cervical carcinoma and advanced higher than the normal sample. Early stage values obtained RQ higher 3.84 1 02 10 40 times the normal serum and advanced higher 3.94 1.81 6 55 times the normal serum while the cell was obtained at an early stage values obtained RQ 2.1 1 06 30.55 more higher than normal cells. At an advanced stage RQ values obtained 0.7 0 12 4 28 which means that the value of the expression of miRNA 21 in cells was lower than the 1 42 time of normal cells. In this study, miRNA 21 network with miRNA serum no significant difference to determine cervical cancer p 0.05 with t test 0.594 , and found a significant correlation between miRNA 21 with PDCD4 p"

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai perbandingan ekspresi miRNA-143 pada serum dan sel eksfoliatif serviks serta hubungannya dengan ekspresi Bcl-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 antara sampel serum dengan sampel sel eksfoliatif serta hubungannya dengan gen target Bcl-2. Data tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai informasi untuk pengembangan metode noninvasif untuk diagnosis awal kanker serviks. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel serum dan sampel sel eksfoliatif pada subyek normal dan subyek yang terdeteksi kanker serviks kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan qRT-PCR. Sampel pasien kanker serviks sebanyak 15 subyek dan 4 subyek normal digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai kuantitas relatif ekspresi miRNA-143 dan Bcl-2. Analisis tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel serum menunjukkan nilai rerata yang rendah pada subyek normal dibandingkan pasien kanker serviks. Tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel sel menunjukkan hasil berbeda, dengan semakin tinggi derajat keparahan kanker, didapatkan hasil nilai rerata miRNA-143 yang lebih rendah. Analisis distribusi sampel menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel serum dengan sampel sel p < 0,05; Kruskall Wallis . Hubungan antara miRNA-143 dengan gen target Bcl-2 pada penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi yang lemah dan tidak signifikan r = -0,101; p > 0.05; Pearson .

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Research had been done on the comparison of miRNA 143 expression in serum and exfoliative cervix cells and its relationship with expression of Bcl 2. This study aims to determine differences in the expression levels of miRNA 143 between serum samples and cell exfoliative samples and its relationship with the target gene Bcl 2. Those data can be used as information for the development of non invasive method for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The study was conducted by taking samples of serum and cell exfoliative samples in normal subjects and subjects with cervical cancer, then it is analyzed using qRT PCR. 15 samples of cervical cancer patients were obtained, and 4 normal subjects used to obtain the relative expression levels of miRNA 143 and Bcl 2. Analysis of the expression levels of miRNA 143 in the serum samples showed lower average value in normal subjects compared to patients with cervical cancer . MiRNA 143 expression levels in cell samples showed different results with the higher the degree of severity of the cancer, the average value of the miRNA 143 were lower. Analysis of the samples distribution showed that there are significant difference between the expression levels of miRNA 143 in the serum samples with the cell samples p 0.05, Pearson ."