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"Herbal medicines in general are safer than modern drug. This matter is caused by the less side effect of herbal medicines than modern drug. Side effects of herbal medicines can be reduced with the used of right materials, accurat dose, accurat usage time, accurat way of usage, accurat analyze information, and without abusing of herbal medicines itself. Accuracy of materials determine the effect of herbal medicines. Dose measuring in set of gram can lessen possibility the happening of effect which do not be expected. Information which is not supported by adequate basic knowledges and enough study can make traditional drug return to endangering."

"Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum belum berhasil memberantas peredaran jamu berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penindakan yang bersifat reaktif sporadis, membuka kesempatan pelanggar hukum untuk beradaptasi dan terus berinovasi dalam melaksanakan modus operandinya demi menghindari tekanan dari penegak hukum. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diperlukan kewaspadaan nasional terhadap ancaman peredaran jamu BKO sebagai dasar penyusunan dan pelaksanaan suatu sistem peringatan dini. Yaitu serangkaian teknologi, kebijakan dan prosedur yang disusun khusus untuk pemprediksi dan memitigasi dampak peredaran jamu BKO. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode collection and analysis dalam pengolahan data. Teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk memastikan validitas data baik primer maupun sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelibatan komponen intelijen negara dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat menjadi hal yang mutlak dibutuhkan demi keberhasilan sistem peringatan dini atau early warning terkait peredaran jamu BKO. Badan intelijen negara selaku coordinator dari seluruh intelijen yang ada di instansi negara wajib menjalankan fungsi sebagai komite intelijen pusat (kominpus). Dalam satu system yang dibangun seharusnya Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) seharusnya didapat kerjasama kontrol antar lembaga yaitu BPOM, BIN, Bea dan Cukai, Kepolisian dan masyarakat. Early warning system menghadirkan 4 komponen utama sistem peringatan dini yaitu pengetahuan resiko, layanan pemantauan dan peringatan, diseminasi dan komunikasi serta kemampuan respons. Saran untuk melakukan pemberantasan dan pencegahan peredaran jamu BKO adalah melakukan studi untuk menilai potensi kerugian negara akibat peredaran BKO. Hasil studi tersebut dijadikan dasar untuk membangun kewaspadaan nasional dan ditindak lanjuti dengan penyusunan sistem peringatan dini yang melibatkan berbagai instansi terkait dan dukungan masyarakat.

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Efforts by law enforcement officers have not succeeded in eradicating the circulation of medicinal chemicals-contained herbal medicine or also known as Jamu Berbahan Kimia Obat (BKO). One of the causes is sporadic reactive action, which gives opportunities for law offenders to adapt and continue to innovate in carrying out their operational mode to avoid pressure from law enforcement. In order to overcome this issue, national awareness as an early warning system regarding the threat of BKO herbal medicine distribution is required. Such early warning system comprises a series of technologies, policies and procedures devised specifically for predicting and mitigating the impact of BKO herbal medicine circulation. This research uses the qualitative approach with collection and analysis method in data processing. Triangulation techniques are used to ensure the validity of both primary and secondary data. The results showed that the involvement of state intelligence components and the active participation of the community becomes absolutely necessary for the success of early warning system or early warning related to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine. National Intelligence Agencies (BIN) as the coordinator of all intelligences in state institutions must perform the function as central intelligence committee (Kominpus). The one-stop integrated system namely Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) should maintain cooperation between institutions such as BPOM, BIN, Customs and Excise, Police and society. Early warning system presents 4 main components, such as risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, as well as response capability. As a suggestion, in eradicating and preventing the circulation of BKO herbal medicine, a study to assess the potential loss of the state due to the circulation of BKO herbal medicine should be conducted. The results of these studies serve as a basis for building national awareness and are followed up by the preparation of an early warning system involving various relevant agencies and community support."

"Penelitian ini membahas determinan keputusan ibu menggunakan herbal berkhasiat obat untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan pada anak. Penelitian deskriptif koleratif ini dilakukan pada 72 responden. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti meliputi usia, pendidikan, pekexjaan, pengetahuan, status ekonomi keluarga, ketersediaan herbal berkhasiat obat, biaya pengobatan, kepercayaan, dan persepsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan (p- value 0,0l4), ketersediaan (p-value 0.032), kepercayaan (p-value 0,039), dan persepsi (p-value 0,04) dengan keputusan ibu menggunakan herbal berkhasiat obat (CI 95%; a 0,05). Rekomendasi penelitian ini yaitu perlu adanya sosialisasi mengenai herbal berkhasiat obat dan pemanfaatannya sehingga dapat dijadikan tindakan awal ibu untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan anak.

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This study discusses determinants of mother's decision to use efficacious herbal medicine to treat health problems in children. Koleratif descriptive study was conducted on 72 respondents. Factors studied include age, education, occupation, knowledge, family economic status, availability of herbal, medical expenses. beliefs, and perceptions.

The results showed a signyicant relationshht between knowledge (p-value 0. 014), availability (p-value 0. 032), beliefs (p-value 0.039), and perception (p-value 104) with the mother’s decision to use efficacious herbal medicine (CI 95%; a 0.05). Recommendation for this study is socialization the uses of efficacious herbal medicine is needed as primary treatment to solve health problems in children."

"Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai anti kanker dengan komponen bioaktif utama andrografolid. Andrografolid merupakan seyawa diterpen lakton yang sukar larut dalam air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat fraksi aktif dari ekstrak etanol herba sambiloto yang menunjukkan aktifitas sitotoksik terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach dan kultur sel kanker payudara, serta pembuatan mikrosfer fraksi aktif herba sambiloto dengan metode semprot kering. Fraksi aktif herba sambiloto diperoleh dengan cara fraksinasi ekstrak etanol herba sambiloto menggunakan etanol, n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air secara berturut-turut. Ekstrak dan fraksi herba sambiloto dievaluasi aktivitas antikanker terhadap A.salina dan dua kultur sel kanker payudara (MCF7 dan T47D). Pemilihan fraksi aktif berdasarkan uji aktivitas pendahuluan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazolil-2)-2,5-difenil-tetrazolium bromida) assay, kemudian fraksi aktif yang diperoleh dilakukan evaluasi dan karakterisasi. Mikroenkapsulasi fraksi aktif herba sambiloto dibuat dengan metode semprot kering menggunakan polimer PVP K30 dan HPMC sebagai bahan penyalut. Mikrosfer yang mengandung fraksi aktif herba sambiloto dievaluasi dan dikarakterisasi meliputi uji perolehan kembali, distribusi ukuran partikel, morfologi, kadar air, efisiensi penjerapan, uji kelarutan, dan uji disolusi secara in vitro dalam medium aquadest, fosfat pH 6,8 dan klorida pH 1,2. Hasil uji BSLT terhadap ekstrak dan fraksi herba sambiloto menujukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memberikan nilai aktifitas tertinggi dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 30,13 ppm. Hasil uji sitotoksik terhadap dua jenis sel kanker payudara galur MCF7 dan T47D menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat termasuk kategori fraksi yang paling aktif dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 82,82 dan 45,27 ppm. Fraksi etil asetat herba sambiloto mengandung kadar andrografolid tertinggi yakni sebesar 32,12%b/b. Mikroenkapsulasi fraksi etil asetat herba sambiloto yang menggunakan PVP K30 dan HPMC dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan laju disolusi andrografolid dibandingkan dengan fraksi etil asetat dan andrografolid standar.

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Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) is one of a medicinal plants containing andrographolid as its primary bioactive component, which indicate anticancer activity. Andrographolid is a diterpene lacton and sparingly soluble in water. The aims of this study were to investigate the active fraction of the ethanol extract of A. paniculata herbs that show cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina Leach and breast cancer cell lines, followed by preparation of the active fraction microspheres using spray-drying method. The active fraction of A. paniculata herbs was prepared by fractionation the ethanol extract with ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water consecutively. The extract and fractions were evaluated for anticancer activity against A. salina and two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D). Selection of the active fraction based on the pre-activity assay was conducted using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and the cytotoxic assay was performed using MTT [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, and then the obtained active fraction that was evaluated and characterized. The active fraction of A. paniculata herbs was microencapsulated using PVP K30 and HPMC as the coating polymer by spray-dryed method. Microspheres containing the active fraction of A. paniculata herbs were evaluated and characterized in term of recovery factor, morphology, particle size distribution, water content, entrapment efficiency, saturation solubility, and in vitro dissolution test in medium of aquadest, phosphate pH 6.8 and chloride pH 1.2. The BSLT of extract and fractions of A. paniculata herbs showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest activity with 30.13 ppm of the LC50 value. The result for cytotoxicity assay of the ethyl acetate fraction on two kind breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and T47D, was considered as the most active fraction with the IC50 values of 82.82 and 45.27 ppm respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of A. paniculata herbs have contained the highest amount of andrographolide (32.12%w/w). Microencapsulation of the ethyl acetate fraction A. paniculata herbs using PVP K30 and HPMC could increase the saturation solubility and dissolution rate of andrographolide as compared to the ethyl acetate fraction and andrographolide standard."

"Penggunaan jamu sebagai salah satu obat tradisional secara umum dinilai lebih aman dari pada penggunaan obat modern. Hal ini disebabkan karena obat tradisional memiliki efek samping yang relatif lebih sedikit dari pada obat modern. Sayangnya, di tangan segelintir orang jamu tradisional ini dicampur dengan bahan kimia obat untuk mendapatkan efek instan. Untuk melindungi masyarakat, Departemen Kesehatan mengeluarkan peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 246/ Menkes/ Per/V/1990 tentang Izin Usaha Industri Obat Tradisional dan Pendaftaran Obat Tradisional yang menyatakan bahwa obat tradisional tidak boleh mengandung bahan kimia sintetik atau hasil isolasi yang berkhasiat obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh metode KLT-densitometri tervalidasi yang dapat menganalisis secara kuantitatif piroksikam, prednison dan naproksen dalam jamu encok. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi jamu dengan pelarut optimal etanol kemudian dianalisis dengan KLT menggunakan fase gerak optimal kloroform-metanol (20:1) untuk prednison dan naproksen dan fase gerak optimal kloroform-metanol-amonia (20:1:1tetes) untuk piroksikam, kemudian bercak yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan densitometer pada panjang gelombang 254 nm. Pada tahap validasi, metode dinyatakan linear dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) untuk piroksikam, prednison, dan naproksen berturut-turut 0,99973, 0,99944, dan 0,99990. Metode ini juga memenuhi kriteria uji selektivitas, akurasi dan presisi pada konsentrasi sedang dan tinggi. Dari delapan sampel yang diperiksa, tiga diantaranya positif mengandung piroksikam.

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The use of herbal medicine as one of the traditional medicine is considered more secure than the use of modern medicine. This is because traditional medicine has side effects relatively less than modern medicine. Unfortunately, for the few manufacturers, traditional herbal medicine is mixed with chemicals drugs to get an instant effect. To protect the public, the Health Department issued regulations Republic of Indonesia’s Health Minister No. 246/ Menkes/ Per/V/1990 about traditional medicine industry license abd registration of traditional medicine which states that traditional medicine should not contain synthetic chemicals or medicine isolation results.

Purpose of this study was to obtain validated TLC-densitometry method that can analyze quantitatively piroxicam, prednisone, and naproxen in a arthritic herbal medicine. Method used is the extraction of herbs with ethanol followed by analysis by TLC using a mobile phase of chloroform-methanol (20:1) for prednisone and naproxen and chloroform-methanol-ammonia (20:1:1 drops) for piroxicam, then is analyzed by densitometer in 254 nm.

In validation stage, the calibration curve was linear by r values for piroxicam, prednisone, and naproxen respectively 0,99973, 0,99944, and 0,99990. This method also meets the test criteria of selectivity, accuracy and precision at medium and high concetrations. Of the eight sampel which has been tested, three of which were positive for piroxicam."

"Tesis ini membabas gambaran permasalahan implementasi kebijakan cara Pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik di Propimi DKI Jakarta tabun 2009, mengingat sampai tabun 2008 secara nasional baru 2,9% industri yang mendapatkan Sertifikat cara Pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik, sedangkan di Propinsi DKI Jakarta baru I ,9 %. Penelitian ini adalah penelltian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan babwa rendahnya implementasi cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik disebabkan belum optimalnya sosialisasi kebijakan, masih beratnya industri menerapkan kebijakan dan masih lemabnya monitoring kebijakan..Belum optimal sosialisasi karena belum jelasnya kegiatan pengembangan obat asli Indonesia, minimnya anggaran dan kurangnya koordinasi Beratnya industri rnenerapkan kebijakan karena keterbatasan dana dan rendahnya komitmen pemilik Masih lemahnya monitoring karena keterbatasan anggaran dan data yang terpercaya dan terkini belum jelasnya koordinasi antar instansi dan belurn adanya sanksi yang jelas. Diketahui juga skala penerapan cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik sangat dipengaruhi oleh komitmen pernilik yang diwujudkan dangan dana yang dialokasikan untuk menerapkan cara pembuatan obat tradisional yang baik.

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This thesis discussed describing problems of policy implementation on practices of manufacturing good traditional medicine at province of DKI Jakarta in 2009, considering until 2008 nationally where almost 2,9% of industries which got certificates on Practices of Manufacturing Good Traditional Medicine, where 1,9% of them was at province of DKI Jakarta. This study was a qualitative research with descriptive design. Study result indicated that low implementation on Practices of Manufacturing Good Traditional Medicine was caused by socialization of policy was not optimal yet, industry was still herd in implementing policies and monitoring policy was still low.

Socialization was not optimal yet because development activities of Indonesian traditional medicine did not be understood yet, inadequate budget and the lack of coordination. Industry was still herd in implementing policies because of limited funds and low commitment of owner. Monitoring was still weak because of limited budget and the latest and trusted data, coordination inter institution was not explained and there was no sanction yet. It also found that scale of implementation on practices manufacturing of good traditional medicine was affected by owner commitment which was implemented by allocated funds to implement practices manufacturing good traditional medicines."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang penggunaan jamu untuk pengobatan pada pasien diKlinik Saintifikasi Jamu Hortus Medicus Tawangmangu tahun 2012. Penelitianini adalah penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan Rapid AssesmentProcedures (RAP). Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa jamu yang digunakanuntuk pengobatan sudah dirasakan manfaatnya dengan efek samping yang ringan,serta jamu yang paling banyak digunakan adalah sediaan godokan. Hal yangmendukung penggunaan jamu untuk pengobatan adalah pengetahuan terhadaptanaman obat, persepsi terhadap jamu, informasi mengenai klinik dan fasilitaspelayanan yang tersedia, keterjangkauan akses, adanya keluhan sakit sertakeinginan untuk sembuh. Saran dari penelitian ini perlunya edukasi kepadamasyarakat dan penambahan Klinik Saintifikasi Jamu yang terjangkau

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the use of Jamu for treatment on patients at The HortusMedicus Jamu Scientification Clinic in 2012. The study was a qualitative researchusing Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP) approach. The study found that Jamumedicine used for treatment has already felt the benefit with low side effects, aswell as the most widely used Jamu preparations is boiling. Factors encouraged theuse of Jamu medicine for treatment are the knowledge of medicinal plants, Jamuperception, the availability of information on clinical and service facilities, theaffordability of access, the pain complaints and the desire to recover. There is aneed to educate people and increasing an affordable Jamu Scientification Clinic"

"Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years.Plants are also the source of many medicines for the majority of the world?s population. The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plants are currently considered to be a wellspring of novelsecondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviralcompounds, anticancers, antimalarial compounds, antioxidants, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive compounds."