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"Penelitian ini membahas status ketenagakerjaan Direktur, apakah Direktur di suatu perusahaan masuk dalam kategori Pengusaha atau pekerja/buruh. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menganalisis status ketenagakerjaan Direktur tersebut adalah metode pengangkatan Direktur di perusahaan yang bersangkutan yaitu melalui Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham atau berdasarkan suatu perjanjian kerja. Status ketenagakerjaan ini akan berdampak pada akibat hukum terhadap Direktur ketika terjadi penghentian penugasan, terutama apabila yang bersangkutan mengalami Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka.

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The focus of this study is to analyze the employment status of a Director of a company, whether they are classified as an Entrepreneur or as a worker/laborer. Parameter used to analyze employment status of a Director is based on the methods of appointment of such Director, which is by the General Meeting of Shareholders of based on a work agreement. The employment status of a Director will then determine the legal consequences when there is a dismissal, especially if there is a severance of an employment relationship (pemutusan hubungan kerja) to the Director. This research is a juridical-normative research with qualitative approach and collecting data through documentary study."

"Tesis ini menganalisis dinamika sikap negara-negara Nordik dalam menanggapi dominasi Tiongkok pada proyek Koridor Arktika, yakni proyek pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi di kawasan Nordik. Peneliti menggunakan tiga pendekatan dalam menyusun penelitian ini, yakni analisis PESTEL, Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) dan pendekatan motif penanaman investasi asing. Analisis PESTEL dan RSCT dipakai untuk melihat secara komprehensif faktor politik, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, lingkungan, hukum serta keamanan dalam kerangka kerjasama antara negara-negara Nordik dan Tiongkok pada proyek Koridor Arktika. Secara spesifik RSCT juga digunakan untuk meninjau indikator letak geografis, kesamaan sistem serta interaksi antar-negara untuk meninjau kerjasama keamanan antar-negara Nordik di kawasan mereka khususnya dalam menanggapi peningkatan power Tiongkok di kawasan Nordik dan Arktika. Sementara pendekatan motif penanaman investasi asing difokuskan pada tiga aspek, yakni market seeking, resource seeking dan efficiency seeking untuk meninjau motif utama Tiongkok menanamkan FDI-nya di negara-negara Nordik terkait proyek Koridor Arktika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yakni dengan tinjauan pustaka sebagai teknik pengumpulan data serta teknik analisis diskursus untuk mengklasifikan setiap temuan. Peneliti menemukan temuan bahwa secara umum Finlandia, Swedia, Denmark, Norwegia dan Islandia menganggap Tiongkok sebagai ancaman di kawasan Arktika. Dalam hal ini mereka dihadapkan pada dilema yakni bahwa di satu sisi mereka membuka diri terhadap investasi Tiongkok yang ditanamkan pada proyek tersebut dengan motif utama resource seeking, namun di sisi lain mereka tidak menginginkan Tiongkok mendominasi kawasan Arktika yang mana secara geografis lebih dekat dengan negara-negara Nordik.

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This thesis analyzes the dynamics of the Nordic countries’ demeanor in responding to China’s dominance in the Arctic Corridor project, the transportation infrastructure development project in the Nordic region. The researcher used three approaches on doing this research, those are PESTEL analysis, Regional Security Complex Theory, and the approach of foreign investment motives. In this case, RSCT and PESTEL analysis are used to elaborate the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal, and security factors in the framework of cooperation between Nordic countries and China within the Arctic Corridor project. Specifically, RSCT is also used to observe geographical location, system similarities, and interaction between Nordic countries indicators in response to China’s rising power, especially in the Nordic and Arctic regions. Meanwhile, the approach of foreign investment motives is focused on three aspects, those are market seeking, resource seeking, and efficiency seeking to observe China’s primary motive for investing its foreign direct investment in Nordic countries related to the Arctic Corridor project. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature review to classify each finding as a data collection technique. The researcher found that Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland consider China a threat in the Arctic region. In this case, the Nordic countries are faced with a dilemma, that on one side, they open up themselves to the Chinese investment that is invested in the Arctic Corridor project. However, on the other hand, they do not want China to dominate the geopolitics and geo-economy of the Arctic which is geographically closer to the Nordic countries.

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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai dampak dualisme pengaturan kedudukan Direksi Asing terhadap kewajiban memiliki Izin Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing (IMTA). Direksi menurut hukum perseroan terbatas Indonesia dianggap sebagai organ perusahaan yang bertanggung jawab atas pengurusan perusahaan, sementara hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia menganggap mereka sebagai pekerja pada perusahaan. Sehubungan dengan itu, permasalahan yang telah timbul adalah apabila Direksi Asing diwajibkan untuk memiliki izin tersebut sebab semua pemberi kerja yang mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing wajib memiliki IMTA.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengapa Direksi Asing wajib memiliki IMTA, hubungan hukum serta hak dan kewajiban antara Direksi Asing dengan perusahaan yang diurusnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitis, yaitu penelitian yang menganalisa dan menggunakan bahan-bahan kepustakaan sebagai data sekunder. Skripsi ini menemukan bahwa Direksi Asing diwajibkan untuk memiliki IMTA karena tetap merupakan warga negara asing yang bekerja di wilayah Indonesia meskipun memiliki hubungan serta hak dan kewajiban dengan perusahaan yang diurusnya berdasarkan hukum perseroan terbatas.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the consequences of the dual regulation of the status of foreign directors toward the obligation to own foreign manpower employment permits (IMTA). Directors according to Indonesian company law are regarded as a company organ responsible for the management of the company, whereas Indonesian manpower law regard them as workers of the company. An issue that has arisen in relation to the foregeoing is whether Foreign Directors are required to acquire the permit, since every employer that employs a Foreign Worker must acquire an IMTA.The purpose of this research is to find out why Foreign Directors are required to acquire the IMTA, their legal relationship with, as well as rights and obligations towards, the company they manage. This reserach uses the judicial normative method and is descriptive analytical research, which analyses and uses literature as seconday data. This thesis has found that Foreign Directors are required to acquire an IMTA as they are still foreign citizens working within Indonesian territory, even though their relationship with as well as rights and obligations towards the company they manage are based on company laws. "

"This paper presents a critical analysis of the factors shaping the interaction between multinationals and trade unions in indonesia, focusing on recent period of democratization following the downfall of the Suharto regime. It has been suggested that union growth risks undermining Indonesia's competitive advantages (cheap labour) and could encourage the exit of multinationals to cheaper competitors. In order to rest this proposition, two case studies were conducted: one in automotive industry and the other in the banking industry. The paper first provides an overview of multinational activity and FDI in Indonesia, and their interaction with a nascent union movement. This is followed by presenting he findings of interviews conducted at the multinational enterprises with managers and union officials; to provide empirical insights into the bargaining process. The final part of the paper provides a preliminary assessment of the impact of union behaviour on MNC profitability and competitiveness in indonesia. In contrast to traditional views of unions as impeding MNC profitability and "encouraging" exit, the paper finds that unions and MNCs can engage in constructive partnerships, but that pressures and contradictions in the relationship remain."