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"This thesis will analyze the Marabar Cave incident in the novel A Passage to India as a mere hallucination experienced by Miss Quested. Psychoanalytical approach and interpretation of dreams will be used to analyze the hidden meaning of the hallucination. This analysis will prove that the hallucination is a form of Miss Quested's wish-fulfilment and that it is she who has hidden sexual desire towards Aziz. Then, by using the Orientalism theory by Edward Said, the relation of this meaning and the prejudice that black is lusty will be studied. It will be proved that the prejudice is a construction made to justify white domination. In the end, it is concluded that this novel is an effort of subversive colonial ideology and the empowerment of black man."

"Meskipun banyak karya sastra yang telah mendukung pemberdayaan perempuan atau interseksional feminisme, terdapat perbedaan pada representasi antara perempuan dengan perbedaan ras saat berurusan dengan patriarki dalam sastra Amerika Indian. Karakter wanita dalam novel Indian Winter in the Blood (1974) dan The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007) selalu dibayangi oleh dominasi laki-laki. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakterisasi kompleks pada karakter minor yang tampak tidak signifikan dari kedua kekasih perempuan dalam novel, yaitu seorang wanita suku Cree Agnes dan seorang gadis kulit putih Penelope, melalui analisis tekstual. Artikel ini mencoba mengidentifikasi negosiasi patriarkal kedua kekasih saat mengalami subordinasi, obyektifikasi, dan bentuk penindasan lainnya yang lebih bermasalah karena protagonis pria sedang mengalami krisis maskulinitas. Temuan awal pada artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua kekasih dalam novel mungkin tidak memiliki kendali atas subordinasi dan pandangan obyektifitas seksual yang dialaminya; pada kenyataannya, mereka selalu berjuang melawan patriarki untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan dan keamanan mereka dengan negosiasi patriarkal sebagai strategi. Oleh karena itu, Agnes dan Penelope, yang memiliki perbedaan identitas ras, kelas, dan usia, menunjukkan pemberdayaan dengan bernegosiasi dengan patriarki dalam mekanisme yang berbeda.

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Although many literature works have already supported women empowerment or intersectional feminism, there is a big disparity of representations between women with different races while dealing with patriarchy in Native American literature. Female characters in Native American novels Winter in the Blood (1974) and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007) have been overshadowed due to male domination. The purpose of this article is to analyze the complex characterization of the seemingly insignificant minor characters of the girlfriends in both novels, who are a Cree woman Agnes and a white girl Penelope, through a textual analysis. This article attempts to identify the two girlfriends` patriarchal bargains while experiencing subordination, objectification, and other forms of oppression which are more problematic since the male protagonists are going through masculinity crisis. The preliminary finding on this article suggests that the girlfriends of the two novels may have no control over the subordination and sexual objectifying gaze; in fact, they always have fought patriarchy in order to maintain their power and safety by patriarchal bargains as the strategy. Therefore, Agnes and Penelope, who have differences in terms of race, class, and age, show empowerment by negotiating with patriarchy in different mechanisms."