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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor sosial demografi yang
mempengaruhi pola permintaan pangan hewani (ikan, daging, unggas, telur dan
susu) dan pengaruh perubahan harga dan pendapatan terhadap proporsi
pengeluaran pangan hewani pada rumah tangga di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data
yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional
(Susenas) tahun 2013 dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 13.018 sampel rumah
tangga. Metode analisis adalah analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrika
menggunakan model Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) dengan
penduga Iterated Linear Least Square (ILLS). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa
konsumsi pangan hewani dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain,
jumlah anggota rumah tangga, golongan pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal
(perdesaan/ perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga. Nilai
elastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan komoditas bersifat inelastis
untuk ikan dan susu, sementara daging, unggas dan telur bersifat elastis.
Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas harga silang, semua komoditi pangan hewani
merupakan barang substitusi kecuali komoditi daging merupakan barang
komplementer bagi unggas. Komoditi ikan dan telur termasuk barang normal
sedangkan komoditi daging, unggas dan susu termasuk barang mewah
ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors affecting
animal-based food demand (fish, meat, poultry, eggs and dairy) and the effect of
price fluctuation and household income to expenditure share of animal-based food
in South Sulawesi Province. The primary data for the study was National
Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data in 2013. The study performed descriptive
analysis and econometric analysis on 13.018 household samples. Quadratic
Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) models with Iterated Linear Least
Square (ILLS) estimator was applied for the econometric analysis. The study
showed demand pattern of animal-based household food was affected the price of
animal-based food, the price of other commodities, number of household member,
income class, residential area (urban/rural), and education level of the household
head. The price elasticity of animal-based food showed inelastic for fish and
dairy; whereas meat, poultry and egg were tended to be elastic. Based on the
cross-price elasticity, all animal-based food commodities substituted each other
except for meat which was complimentary to poultry. Fish and egg were
categorized as necessity goods, as for meat, poultry and dairy are categorized as
luxury goods."
