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"ABSTRAKPenicillium chrysogenum diketahui menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibiotik dari strain P. chrysogenum hasil isolasi dan daun pisang terhadap beberapa kapang: Aspergillus clavatus UICC 153, A. fumisatus CBS 192.65, Geotnichum candidum UICC 255, dan Rhizonus microsrorus UICC 9; khamir: Candida albicans UICC Y-29, 1. tronicalis UICC Y-7, Pichia membrsnaefaciens UICC Y-5, Rhodotorula glutinis UICC Y-18, dan Saccharomyces cérevisiae UICC Y-3; serta bakteri: Aicali genes faecalis UICC B-5, Bacillus subtilib UICC B-il, Eschenichia coIl UICC B-15, Micrococcus luteus UICC B-25, Proteus vulganis UICC B-39, Serratis.marcescens UICC B-27, dan Starhylococcus aureus UICC B-28. Strain P. chrysogenum yang akan diuji ditumbuhkan pada PDB, tanpa pengocokan (30°C). uji aktivitss antibiotik dilakukan dengan 'cylinder assay method' s Aktivitas antibiotik diketahui dengan mengukur diameter zona bening yang terjadi.Penelitian membuktikan bahwa P. chrysogenum hasil isolasi daun pisang tidak mempunyai aktivitas antibiotik terhadap kapang dan khamir, kecuali terhadap semua jenis bakteni penguji. Besarnya aktivitas antibiotik P.chrysogenum tersebut tergantung dari jenis bakteri.ABSTRACT"

"Aplikasi Marka Molekuler untuk Seleksi Ketahanan Blast pada Populasi Padi Haploid Ganda. Penyakit blast, yang disebabkan oleh jamur Pyricularia grisea Sacc., merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling merusak padi. Penggunaan varietas padi tahan blast adalah salah satu cara yang paling efisien untuk mengendalikan penyakit blast pada padi. Padi tahan blast dapat dihasilkan melalui pemuliaan. Penggunaan marker-assisted selection (MAS) tersedia untuk mendukung seleksi galur tahan berdasarkan gen ketahanan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah membandingkan respons ketahanan galur haploid ganda dengan varietas diferensial terhadap tiga ras blast Indonesia dan untuk mengidentifikasi gen-gen ketahanan yang menyebabkan ketahanan terhadap blast berdasarkan respon ketahanan dan evaluasi genotipe menggunakan marka molekuler. Empat puluh sembilan galur haploid ganda hasil persilangan ganda IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti diseleksi menggunakan marka molekuler berdasarkan gen target: Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, dan Pir7. Untuk membandingkan seleksi fenotipe, sepuluh galur monogenik LTH dari varietas diferensial digunakan. Semua tanaman diinokulasi dengan tiga ras blast yang diisolasi dari Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan gen Pib berkontribusi membentuk ketahanan terhadap ras 123, sedangkan gen Pi1dan Pir7 berkontribusi membentuk ketahanan terhadap ras 123 dan 133. Gen Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, dan Pir4 tidak bertanggung jawab dengan ketahanan terhadap ras 123, 133, dan 173.

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Blast disease, caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc., is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of blast-resistant rice varieties is one of the most efficient ways to control blast disease in rice. Blast-resistant varieties can be produced through breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) available to support selection of resistant lines based on resistance gene. The objective of this research was to compare the resistance response of the double haploid lines with the differential varieties to three selected Indonesian blast races and to identify the resistance genes caused the resistance to blast based on the resistance response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers. Forty-nine double haploid lines from a double crossing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti were selected using molecular markers based on the targeted genes Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, and Pir7. To compare the phenotype selection, ten LTH monogenic lines of differential varieties were used. All plants tested were inoculated by three selected Indonesian blast races. The results show that the Pib gene caused a resistance to race 123, while the Pi1 and Pir7 genes caused a resistance to race 123 and 133. The Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, and Pir4 genes did not cause a resistance to race 123, 133, or 173."

"Berbagai obat telah diketahui dapat menyembuhkan dermatofitosis dan kandidiasis baik yang digunakan secara topikal maupun oral. Suatu produk yang saat ini dipasarkan sebagai anti jamur pada kulit adalah sabun yang mengandung sulfur 10%. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sabun yang mengandung sulfur terhadap jamur yang paling banyak menimbulkan dermatomikosis yaitu Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi sabun sulfur 10% dapat membunuh 60% biakan Trichophyton rubrum setelah dicampur selama 15 menit. Dengan waktu yang sama suspensi sabun sulfur tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. "

"Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) merupakan pengolahan air limbah yang dirancang hanya menerima dan mengolah lumpur tinja yang berasal dari sistem setempat yang diangkut melalui sarana pengangkutan lumpur tinja. Lumpur tinja yang dihasil tersebut tentu harus diolah terlebih dahulu agar sesuai dengan baku mutu yaitu, Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 68 Tahun 2016 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Namun demikian, dalam proses pengolahan air limbah ini, tidak dapat dihindari kemungkinan terlepasnya pencemar udara mikrobiologis (bioaerosol) ke udara sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sumber pencemar, mengetahui total bakteri dan jamur di udara serta perbedaan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan, dan meninjau faktor lingkungan (suhu, kelembaban, dan Kecepatan angin) yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada musim kemarau dan hujan dengan masing-masing lima hari pengambilan dan dilakukan di empat titik pada IPLT Kalimulya Depok (unit bak pengisian, digester anaerob, pemekat lumpur, dan biofilter aerob-anaerob). Dari hasil penelitian, rata-rata konsentrasi bakteri pada musim kemarau yaitu unit bak pengisian sebesar 243±265 CFU/m3, pemekat lumpur sebesar 155±326 CFU/m3, digester anaerob sebesar 154±157 CFU/m3, dan biofilter aerob anaerob sebesar 76±122 CFU/m3. Sedangkan pada musim hujan konsentrasi bakteri yaitu unit bak pengisian sebesar 33±24 CFU/m3, pemekat lumpur sebesar 25±62 CFU/m3, biofilter aerob-anaerob sebesar 21±20 CFU/m3, dan digester anaerob sebesar 16±13 CFU/m3. Kemudian pada musim kemarau, konsentrasi jamur pada pemekat lumpur sebesar 516±554 CFU/m3, unit bak pengisian sebesar 364±202 CFU/m3, digester anaerob sebesar 340±181 CFU/m3, dan biofilter aerob-anaerob sebesar 231±201 CFU/m3. Sedangkan pada musim hujan konsentrasi jamur pada unit bak pengisian sebesar 58±39 CFU/m3, pemekat lumpur sebesar 55±33 CFU/m3, digester anaerob sebesar, 36±32 CFU/m3, dan biofilter aerob-anaerob sebesar 32±23 CFU/m3. Sehingga, diketahui konsentrasi bakteri tertinggi ditemukan pada unit bak pengisian pada musim kemarau dan terendah pada digester anaerob pada musim hujan. Konsentrasi jamur tertinggi ditemukan di pemekat lumpur pada musim kemarau dan terendah pada biofilter aerob-anaerob pada musim hujan. Konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur berada dibawah standar baku mutu. Sedangkan korelasi antara faktor lingkungan terhadap konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur ditemukan di beberapa tempat dan terdapat juga perbedaan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan.

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Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) are wastewater processing systems that are designed to process only stool mud received from local systems of stool mud transport. The stool mud received must be processed so that it abides to the standard of quality according to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment Number 68 Year 2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. However, in the treatment process, there is a probability for a microbiological air pollutant (bioaerosol) to be produced that cannot be avoided. This research aims to analyze the source of pollution, the total amount of bacteria and fungi in the air, the difference of bacteria and fungi concentration between the dry and rainy season, and observe the environmental factors (temperature, humidity, wind speed) that affects bacteria and fungi concentration. This research was done during the dry and rainy season, each for a 5 day period in four observation points at the Kalimulya Depok STP (filling unit, anaerobic digester, mud concentrator and aerobic-anaerobic biofilter). The results of this research shows that the average bacteria concentration during the dry season is 243±265 CFU/m3 at the filling unit, 155±326 CFU/m3 at the mud concentrator, 154±157 CFU/m3 at the anaerobic digester, and 76±122 CFU/m3 at the aerobic-anaerobic biofilter. During the rainy season, the average bacteria concentration is 33±24 CFU/m3 at the filling unit, 25±62 CFU/m3 at the mud concentrator, 21±20 CFU/m3 at the aerobic-anaerobic biofilter, and 16±13 CFU/m3 at the anaerobic digester. The average fungi concentration during the dry season is 516±554 CFU/m3 at the mud concentrator, 364±202 CFU/m3 at the filling unit, 340±181 CFU/m3 at the anaerobic digester, and 231±201 CFU/m3 at the aerobic-anaerobic biofilter. As for the rainy season, the average fungi concentration is 58±39 CFU/m3 at the filling unit, 55±33 CFU/m3 at the mud concentrator, 36±32 CFU/m3 at the anaerobic digester, and 32±23 CFU/m3 at the aerobic-anaerobic biofilter. It can be seen that for the bacteria concentration, its highest value occurs at the filling unit during the dry season while its lowest value occurs at the anaerobic digester during the rainy season. For the fungi concentration, its highest value occurs at the mid concentrator during the dry season while its lowest value occurs at aerobic-anaerobic biofilter during the rainy season. The bacteria and fungi concentration values lie below the standard of quality. There are several correlations between environmental factors and the bacteria and fungi concentration values in some of the observed locations. There is also a difference between the bacteria and fungi concentration during the dry season and the rainy season.

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"The tropical plant family pandanaceae comprises three genera, Freycinetia, Pandanus and Sararanga. One-hundred and fourteen genera and 226 species of fungi were found on dead leaves of Pandanaceae collected in Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, Hawaii, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, New Zealand, Niue, Philippines, Seychelles, Vanuatu and Vietnam. Taxonomic issues within each fungus genus are discussed and reference made to preceding work.All species are written up with bibliographic details, relevant measurements of the current specimens, known habitat and distribution, collection details, and a discussion on taxonomic conclusions. New taxa (4 genera, 35 species) are fully described and illustrated, each with a plate showing relevant macro- and microscopic details. Keys and/or synoptic tables are provided to all species in 28 genera. In addition, details on almost 700 species of fungi described and recorded worldwide from the pandanaceae are listed."

"This book brings together the worldwide knowledge of researchers from Universities and Government institutions, as well as forest industry practitioners that have worked on the pest. Importantly, it is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject since S. noctilio was discovered outside its native range around 1900. The book covers all aspects of the biology and management of S. noctilio, including aspects of the insects? taxonomy, general life history, host-plant relationships, population dynamics, chemical ecology and symbiosis with the fungus Amylostereum areolatum. The book also contains a comprehensive synthesis of the history and current status of the pest and worldwide efforts to control it, including biological control, silviculture and quarantine."

"This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals."