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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai perubahan area katup mitral (AKM) dan respon hemodinamik dengan Doppler ekokardiografi (DE) pada stenosis katup mitral (SKM) yang dilakukan uji latih baring. Menilai perubahan gradien tekanan (MVPG) dan aliran katup mitral (MVF) dalam penerapannya terhadap rumus Gorlin. Perekaman dilakukan pada istirahat dan akhir uji latih. Penelitian dilakukan pada 20 penderita SKM (18 SKM murni dan 2 SKM+Insufisiensi katup mitral). Parameter hemodinamik yang dinilai adalah AKM, dimensi atrium kiri, denyut jantung (DJ), curah jantung (CJ), isi sekuncup (IS); MVPG, MVF dan rasio ∆ MVPG/∆ MVF. Berdasarkan derajat stenosis penderita dibagi atas SKM ringan (AKM >1,5 cm2), SKM sedang (AKM 1-1,5 cm2) dan berat (AKM <1,0 cm2). Membuat korelasi AKM Doppler dengan kateterisasi, menilai perubahan AKM dengan uji latih dan menilai berbagai respon hemodinamik dengan AKM. Ada 8 penderita yang mempunyai data kateterisasi. Penilaian AKM dari Doppler dengan kateterisasi mempunyai korelasi yang balk (r=0,7365,p=O,04). Hanya 12 penderita yang dapat dinilai AKM dengan uji latih. Tidak didapatkan perubahan AKM dengan uji latih (p >0,05). Terdapat korelasi antara AKM dengan delta CJ (r=0,7552,p=0,0001) dan dengan delta IS (r=0,52,p=0,02), tetapi tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan delta DJ (selisih DJ puncak uji latih dengan istirahat) dengan r=0,09 maupun dengan delta DJ yang diperoleh dari selisih DJ pada saat rekaman Doppler pada akhir uji latih dengan DJ istirahat (r=-0,05). Nilai DJ pada puncak uji latih (dari EKG) tidak sama dengan DJ pada saat rekaman Doppler pada akhir uji latih (136 ± 13 dan 108 T 19). Terdapat keterbatasan DE untuk mendapatkan rekaman pola pada puncak uji latih, disamping penentuan "slope" dari pola mempunyai pengaruh terhadap perhitungan AKM. Perubahan gradien tekanan rata-rata {delta mMVPG) tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan AKM (r=0,01). Terdapat korelasi antara MVF dengan AKM (r=0,6692,p=0,001) begitu jugs pada rasio ∆MVPG/∆ MVF mempunyai korelasi terbalik dengan AKM (r=- 0,8247, p=0,00001). Perubahan hemodinamik ini mengikuti rumus Gorlin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan, bahwa pemeriksaan Doppler ekokardiografi dapat dipakai untuk menilai perubahan hemodinamik pada penderita SKM yang dilakukan uji latih. "

"Penelition ini bertuiuan untuk menilai derajat Hipertensi Pulmonal (HP) secora kwantitatif dengan pemeriksaan "Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography" (PDE). Penelition dilakukan terhadap 60 penderita HP, semua menialani kateterisasi jantung. Kelompok kelola terdiri dari 15 orang normal.Parameter PDE dilakukan pengukuran "right ventricel pre ejection period" (RPEP), "acceleration time" (ACT), "right Ventricel ejection time" (RVEP) serta rosio RPEP/ACT, RPEP/RVET don AcT/RVET. BerdosarKan panjang fase AcT.penderita dibagi dalom 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok ACT < 80 ms (kelompok A) dan ACT = 80-120 ms (kelompok B). Berdasarkan "mean pulmonary artery pressure" (MPA) dari kateterisasi jantung, penderita dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok 20-40 mmHg (HP-1), 41-60 mmHg (HP-2) don >60 mmHg C HP-3 ), berturut-turut sesuai dengan deraiat ringan, sedang dan berat. Berdasarkan "pulmonary arterial resintance" ( PAR ) penderita HP karena pirau intrakardial dibagi 2, yaitu kelompok < 5HRU (PAR-1) dan > 5 HRU (PAR-2). Nilai Parameter PDE dari tiap kelompok dibandingkan dengan nilai MPA dan PAR dari hasil pemeriksaan kateterisasi jantung. penderita dibagi 2 golongan, yaitu HP hiperkinetiK don HP pasif, selonjutnya parameter PDE kedua golongon tersebut dibandingkan.Didapatkon korelasi kuat antara AmPA masing-masing dengan RPEP ( MPA = 5.14 + 0.44 RPEP, r = 0.76, SEE = 9.34, X0.01), ACT ( MPA = 84.69 + 0.55 ACT, r =-0.78, SEE=8.99, p<0.01), dan RPEP/ACT (MPA= 18.93 + 15.90 RPEP/ACT, r=0.87, SEE= 7.07, P<0.01). Juga didapatkan korelasi kuat antara PAR dengan RPEP (PAR = -7.93 + 0.12 RPEP, r = 0.82, SEE = 2-055, P<0-01), ACT ( PAR = 17.44 - 0.15 ACT, r = -0.84, SEE = 1.89, P<0.01) dan RPEP/ACT (PAR= -1.16 + 4-24 RPEP/Ac75 r = 11.90, SEE=1.56, P<0-01). Rasio RPEP/ACT dapat membedakon kelcmpoK HP-1, HP-2 don HP-3 secara bermakna (HP-13 1.03-+0.27, dibanding HP-2, 2-02 (0.36, P<0.05 ; HP-2 dibanding HP-3, 2.82±0.423 p<0.05). Rasio RPEP/ACT 1.61 atau kurang sesuai dengan HP ringan, rasio 2.22 atau lebih sesuai dengan HP berat, rasio antara 1.61 - 2.22 sesuai dengan HP sedang. Parameter tersebut juga dapat menentukan tingginya PAR. Parameter PDE golongan HP hiperkinetik tidak berbeda bermakna dibanding HP pasif.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa RPEP, ACT don RPEP/ACT merupakan Parameter PDE yang dapat dipokai untuk menilai secora kwanitatif don kwanitatif dero,iat HP. Rasio RPEP/ACT merupakan satu-satunya parameter sensitif yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan HP ringan, sedang dan berat. Golongan HP hiperkinetik dan HP pasif mempunyai parameter PDE soma."

"Ekokardiografi transesofageal (TEE) dalam anestesi umum telah merupakan prosedur rutin untuk memandu penutupan defek septum atrium tipe sekundum (ASDs) dengan Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) bersama-sama dengan fluoroskopi dilaboratorium kateterisasi jantung. Untuk menyederhanakan prosedur dan juga untuk mengurangi biaya, telah dipakai ekokardiografi transtorakal (TTE) untuk memandu implantasi ASO. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengevaluasi akurasi dan hasil procedure ASO yang dipandu dengan TTE dibandingkan dengan yang dipandu dengan TEE. Ini merupakan studi komparasi. Sembilan puluh satu penderita dengan ASDs yang telah dicoba untuk penutupan dengan ASO secara transkateter di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita Jakarta dievaluasi. Akhir-akhir ini, pada 22 penderita, prosedur dilakukan tidak dengan panduan TEE tetapi dengan TTE. Seleksi penderita dilakukan seperti lazimnya dengan TEE dipoliklinik. Diameter dengan balon dilatasi diukur secara TEE atau TTE dan fluoroskopi dilaboratorium kateterisasi jantung. Penderita dibagi atas 2 kelompok, kelompok TEE adalah kelompok yang prosedur dipandu TEE, sedang kelompok TTE adalah yang dipandu TTE. Kasus yang dapat dianalisa sejumlah 83 penderita, 61 kelompok TEE dan 22 kelompok TTE. Pengukuran diameter dengan TTE maupun TEE memiliki korelasi yang tinggi dengan ukuran secara fluoroskopi (masing-masing: r=0.837 and r=0.853). Dan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara akurasi pengukuran dengan TEE maupun dengan TTE (p=0.085) dibandingkan dengan ukuran secara fluoroskopi. Waktu fluoroskopi pada prosedur ASO dengan panduan TEE lebih panjang secara bermakna dibanding dengan waktu fluoroskopi dengan panduan TTE (33.2 ± 21.3 mnt vs. 22.8 ± 19.3 mnt, P=0.014). Selain itu, juga tidak diketemukan perbedaan bermakna pada angka kegagalan antara tehnik panduan TEE maupun TTE. Prosedur ASO dengan panduan TTE mempunyai derajat akurasi yang sama dengan prosedur yang dipandu TEE, dengan waktu fluoroskopi yang lebih singkat. Angka kegagalan dengan panduan TTE juga tidak berbeda dengan yang dipandu TEE.

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AbstractTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) under general anesthesia has become a routine procedure as guidance in implanting Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) for closing secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) together with fluoroscopy in cardiac catheterization laboratory. To simplify the procedure and reduce the cost, recently we used transthoracal echocardiography (TTE) in guiding the ASO implantation. Aim of this study is to evaluate accuracy and performance of ASO procedure guided by TTE compared to ASO procedure guided by TEE. This is a comparative study. Ninety-one patients with ASDs referred for transcatheter closure with ASO in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital Jakarta were reviewed. In the 22 patients, TTE were used as guidance instead of TEE. Patients selection were performed in the outpatient clinic by TEE. The stretched diameter was measured by TEE or TTE and fluoroscopy. Patients were divided into two groups, TEE group consisted of procedures guided by TEE, and TTE group guided by TTE. From 91 patients, 83 can be evaluated. It consisted of 61 patients in TEE group and 22 in TTE group. Measurement of defects sizes with TTE and TEE have a high correlation with fluoroscopic measurements (r=0.837 and r=0.853, respectively). There were no significant differences between the accuracy of TTE and TEE sizes measurement (p=0.085) compared to fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy time in ASO procedures guided by TEE was significantly longer than those guided by TTE (33.2 ± 21.3 min vs. 22.8 ± 19.3 min, P=0.014). There was also no significant differences in the failure of devices implantation between TEE and TTE guidance. All patients were in good condition at follow-up. ASO procedures guided by TTE have similar accuracy to those guided by TEE, with shorter fluoroscopy time. TTE guidance also has no difference in failure rate compared to TEE guidance. "

"Latar Belakang: Hipertrofi ventrikel kiri VKi merupakan adaptasi kardiak pada hipertensi dan meningkatkan risiko gagal jantung diastolik. Hipertrofi VKi sering ditemui pada gagal jantung diastolik, namun hubungan hipertrofi VKi dengan kapasitas fungsional dan parameter disfungsi diastolik masih kontroversi. Tujuan: Menilai korelasi IMVKi dengan kapasitas fungsional, perubahan parameter diastolik, dan global longitudinal strain GLS pada pasien hipertensi laki-laki asimptomatik dengan hipertrofi VKi. Metode: Pasien hipertensi laki-laki asimptomatik dengan IMVKi>115 gr/m2 tanpa masalah koroner, aritmia, penyakit jantung bawaan, dan penyakit jantung katup masuk kriteria studi. Uji latih ergocycle menggunakan protokol ramp. Akuisisi IMVKi pada awal uji dan pengukuran parameter diastolik E/A, E/e rsquo;, IVRT dan GLS pre dan puncak uji. Hasil: Terdapat 41 subjek dengan usia 55 32-64 tahun. Median nilai IMVKi subjek 129 116-319 gr/m2, dengan rerata kapasitas fungsional 5,7 1 METs. parameter diastolik pre dan puncak uji latih beban tidak berbeda bermakna. Rerata GLS pre uji rendah namun berbeda bermakna pada puncak uji latih pre vs puncak: -15,4 vs 18,5 ; p

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Backgrounds: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy LVH is an adaptation on hypertension and increases diastolic heart failure risk. LVH are common in diastolic heart failure. Prior studies showed various results on correlation Left ventricular mass index LVMI, with functional capacity and diastolic parameters.

Objectives: To assess correlations of LVMI with functional capacity, diastolic parameters changes, and global longitudinal strain GLS in male asymptomatic hypertensive patients with LVH.

Methods: Male asymptomatic hypertensive patients with LVMI 115 gr m2 without history of CAD, arrhythmia, congenital, and valvular heart disease are recruited. Stress test use ramp protocol. Initial LVMI is acquired, and diastolic parameters E A, E e, IVRT and GLS are acquired at pre and peak stress test.

Results: Forty one patients were recruited aged 55 32 64 years old. The median of LVMI was 129 gr m2 and mean functional capacity was 5,7 METs. Pre and peak stress test diastolic parameter values were insignificant. Pre stress test GLS mean was low but increased at peak pre vs peak 15,4 vs 18,5 p"

"[Latar belakang: Gagal jantung adalah penyebab utama kematian pada thalassemia akibat penumpukan besi dari transfusi darah. Ekokardiografi sering digunakan untuk evaluasi fungsi jantung, namun interpretasi hasilnya sangat bergantung dari operator. Uji berjalan 6 menit adalah metode sederhana yang terbukti mempunyai reliabilitas baik untuk menilai kapasitas fungsional kardiorespirasi sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif penilaian fungsi jantung anak thalassemia.Tujuan: Mendapatkan uji berjalan 6 menit sebagai metode sederhana untuk mengukur fungsi jantung anak thalassemia.Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol pada subjek thalassemia dan kontrol berusia 11-18 tahun yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Subjek thalassemia mempunyai rerata feritin serum >2500 ng/mL dalam 6 bulan terakhir. Subjek kontrol dalam kondisi sehat dan tidak pernah menjalani transfusi darah. Uji berjalan 6 menit dilakukan pada kedua subjek, sedangkan ekokardiografi konvensional (EK) dan tissue Doppler (ETD) hanya dilakukan pada subjek thalassemia oleh seorang konsultan kardiologi anak. Data sekunder lain pada subjek thalassemia diambil dari rekam medis yaitu rerata hemoglobin pra-transfusi dalam 1 tahun terakhir, feritin serum dan saturasi transferin dalam 6 bulan terakhir.Hasil: Sebanyak 40 subjek thalassemia dan 109 kontrol berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Median usia subjek thalassemia 13,4 (11-17,9) tahun dan kontrol 14,2 (11,3-17,9) tahun. Rerata hemoglobin pra-transfusi 7,6±0,6 g/dL. Median feritin serum 4246,5 (2506-10749,7) ng/mL dan saturasi transferin 100 (50-100) %. Setelah dilakukan matching usia dan jenis kelamin, jarak tempuh uji berjalan 6 menit pada subjek thalassemia lebih pendek daripada kontrol (465,1±74,2 vs 671±94,2, p<0,001). Parameter fungsi sistolik dan diastolik jantung dari EK dalam batas normal, tetapi ETD menunjukkan 45% subjek thalassemia mengalami gangguan fungsi diastolik (rasio E/E’ >8). Tidak ada faktor yang berkorelasi dengan jarak tempuh pada subjek thalassemia, sedangkan tinggi badan berkorelasi dengan jarak tempuh pada kontrol berdasarkan analisis bivariat.Kesimpulan: Jarak tempuh antara subjek thalassemia lebih rendah daripada kontrol. Peran ETD lebih baik daripada EK dalam mengevaluasi fungsi jantung. Uji berjalan 6 menit dapat digunakan sebagai skrining fungsi jantung pada anak thalassemia.;Background: Heart failure is leading cause of mortality in thalassemia due to transfusion-induced iron overload. Evaluation of cardiac function is routinely performed with echocardiography. However, its interpretation depends on operator. The six minute walk test is a simple and reliable method to assess cardiorespiratory performance, therefore, it is suggested to be an alternative in evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Aim: To obtain six minute walk test as a simple method in order to evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Methods: This case control study was performed in thalassemia subjects (cases) and controls aged 11-18 year old which were selected with consecutive sampling. Cases should have mean serum ferritin level >2500 ng/mL in last 6 months. Controls must be in healthy condition and have never had blood transfusion. Both cases and controls performed six minute walk test, while echocardiography (conventional and tissue Doppler) was only done in cases by a pediatric cardiologist. Other secondary data collected from medical records in cases were mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin in last 1 year, serum ferritin and transferin saturation in last 6 months.Results: There were 40 cases and 109 controls involved in this study with median age were 13.4 (11-17.9) and 14.2 (11.3-17.9), respectively. The mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 7,6±0,6 g/dL. The median serum ferritin was 4246.5 (2506-10749.7) ng/mL and transferin saturation 100 (50-100) %. After sex and age matching, the six minute walk distance was lower in cases than controls (465.1±74.2 vs 671±94.2, p<0.001). Conventional echocardiography did not find any systolic and diastolic dysfunction in cases. However, tissue Doppler echocardiography found 18 (45%) subjects with E/E’ ratio >8, which were categorized as diastolic dysfunction. There were no factors correlated to six minute walk distance in cases, while body height was correlated to six minute walk distance in controls based on bivariat analysis.Conclusion: The distance of six minute walk test in thalassemia subjects was shorter than controls. Tissue Dopper echocardiography is better than conventional in order to evaluating cardiac function. The six minute walk test can be used for screening cardiac function in thalassemia.;Background: Heart failure is leading cause of mortality in thalassemia due to transfusion-induced iron overload. Evaluation of cardiac function is routinely performed with echocardiography. However, its interpretation depends on operator. The six minute walk test is a simple and reliable method to assess cardiorespiratory performance, therefore, it is suggested to be an alternative in evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Aim: To obtain six minute walk test as a simple method in order to evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Methods: This case control study was performed in thalassemia subjects (cases) and controls aged 11-18 year old which were selected with consecutive sampling. Cases should have mean serum ferritin level >2500 ng/mL in last 6 months. Controls must be in healthy condition and have never had blood transfusion. Both cases and controls performed six minute walk test, while echocardiography (conventional and tissue Doppler) was only done in cases by a pediatric cardiologist. Other secondary data collected from medical records in cases were mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin in last 1 year, serum ferritin and transferin saturation in last 6 months.Results: There were 40 cases and 109 controls involved in this study with median age were 13.4 (11-17.9) and 14.2 (11.3-17.9), respectively. The mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 7,6±0,6 g/dL. The median serum ferritin was 4246.5 (2506-10749.7) ng/mL and transferin saturation 100 (50-100) %. After sex and age matching, the six minute walk distance was lower in cases than controls (465.1±74.2 vs 671±94.2, p<0.001). Conventional echocardiography did not find any systolic and diastolic dysfunction in cases. However, tissue Doppler echocardiography found 18 (45%) subjects with E/E’ ratio >8, which were categorized as diastolic dysfunction. There were no factors correlated to six minute walk distance in cases, while body height was correlated to six minute walk distance in controls based on bivariat analysis.Conclusion: The distance of six minute walk test in thalassemia subjects was shorter than controls. Tissue Dopper echocardiography is better than conventional in order to evaluating cardiac function. The six minute walk test can be used for screening cardiac function in thalassemia., Background: Heart failure is leading cause of mortality in thalassemia due to transfusion-induced iron overload. Evaluation of cardiac function is routinely performed with echocardiography. However, its interpretation depends on operator. The six minute walk test is a simple and reliable method to assess cardiorespiratory performance, therefore, it is suggested to be an alternative in evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Aim: To obtain six minute walk test as a simple method in order to evaluating cardiac function in thalassemia.Methods: This case control study was performed in thalassemia subjects (cases) and controls aged 11-18 year old which were selected with consecutive sampling. Cases should have mean serum ferritin level >2500 ng/mL in last 6 months. Controls must be in healthy condition and have never had blood transfusion. Both cases and controls performed six minute walk test, while echocardiography (conventional and tissue Doppler) was only done in cases by a pediatric cardiologist. Other secondary data collected from medical records in cases were mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin in last 1 year, serum ferritin and transferin saturation in last 6 months.Results: There were 40 cases and 109 controls involved in this study with median age were 13.4 (11-17.9) and 14.2 (11.3-17.9), respectively. The mean of pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 7,6±0,6 g/dL. The median serum ferritin was 4246.5 (2506-10749.7) ng/mL and transferin saturation 100 (50-100) %. After sex and age matching, the six minute walk distance was lower in cases than controls (465.1±74.2 vs 671±94.2, p<0.001). Conventional echocardiography did not find any systolic and diastolic dysfunction in cases. However, tissue Doppler echocardiography found 18 (45%) subjects with E/E’ ratio >8, which were categorized as diastolic dysfunction. There were no factors correlated to six minute walk distance in cases, while body height was correlated to six minute walk distance in controls based on bivariat analysis.Conclusion: The distance of six minute walk test in thalassemia subjects was shorter than controls. Tissue Dopper echocardiography is better than conventional in order to evaluating cardiac function. The six minute walk test can be used for screening cardiac function in thalassemia.]"

"The main target of clinical and academic cardiology activities is to optimize the patient's management and ultimately their welfare. Professionals manage patients according to their own understanding of disease process; clinicians concentrate on alleviating the symptoms and echocardiographers on identifying the disease. This book helps to 'cross the barrier' and describes the common ground between physiologic disturbances and their management which should ideally form the shared basis for understanding and managing all cardiac problems.A practical review of the many uses of echocardiography in clinical practice, Clinical Echocardiography is designed to integrate and refine the investigation of cardiac disorders within the framework of the pathologic, physiologic and surgical appearances of heart disease. It has been common to consider echocardiographic findings separately from the more physical aspects of heart disease. However, with the development of new imaging modalities such as three- and four-dimensional echocardiography, it has become necessary to consider this imaging as a window on the heart. "

"ABSTRAKA 27-year-old primiparous woman with 28 weeks gestational age was admitted to our hospital with worsening shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with Ebstein?s anomaly three years ago, but preferred to be left untreated. The patient was not cyanotic and her vital signs were stable. Her ECG showed incomplete RBBB and prolonged PR-interval. Blood tests revealed mild anemia. Observation of two-dimensional echo with color flow Doppler study showed Ebstein?s anomaly with PFO as additional defects, EF of 57%, LV and LA dilatation, RV atrialization, severe TR, and moderate PH with RVSP of 44.3 mmHg. The patient then underwent elective sectio caesaria at 30 weeks of gestational age; both the mother and her baby were alive and were in good conditions. Problem: there was an increasing breathlessness in this patient so that there was an increasing need to take a decision for her pregnancy.Ebstein?s anomaly is a complicated congenital anomaly. Medical treatment may be followed for many years in patients with mild forms of Ebstein?s anomaly. Surgery should be considered if there is objective evidence of debasement such as significant enlargement of heart size, reduction of systolic function in echocardiography."