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"The song dynasty was a key period in the development of the imperial civil service examination system, for during this period it reached maturity and later exerted a profounf"

"1, offering dormitory. 2, Chosun dormitory. 3, Goguryeo dormitory. 4, Baekje dormitory. 5, Silla dormitory. 6, Bohai Gaya dormitory. 7, consider Dormitory 1.-8, considered Dormitory 2-9, shipbuilding Dormitory 1. -10, -11 2. Residents shipbuilding, shipbuilding dormitory 3. -12, North Korean Living"

"Kebijakan Baru Akhir Dinasti Qing 清末新政Qīngmò Xīnzhèng atau disingkat sebagai Kebijakan Baru adalah serangkaian pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh Dinasti Qing. Sebelumnya, pembaharuan serupa, yakni Reformasi Seratus Hari, pernah hampir dilaksanakan oleh Qing, tetapi harus dihentikan akibat terlibat konspirasi dengan Janda Permaisuri Cixi dan kelompok penentang pembaharuan lainnya. Cixi baru menyadari akan perlunya pembaharuan setelah gagalnya upaya Qing dalam upaya mendukung Gerakan Boxer melawan bangsa asing pada tahun 1901. Di tahun yang sama, Kebijakan Baru pertama kali diusulkan oleh Cixi melalui dekret atas nama Kaisar Guangxu pada Januari 1901 dan baru mulai dilaksanakan pada tahun 1902. Dalam penerapan Kebijakan Baru, peran Cixi sebagai wali Kaisar Guangxu dan pemegang otoritas tertinggi dalam istana sangat penting. Saat itu, Cixi tidak hanya sebagai pemberi persetujuan terhadap penerapan pembaharuan, tetapi juga sebagai pemikir langsung dari sejumlah pembaharuan dalam Kebijakan Baru. Tugas akhir ini menggunakan pendekatan historis untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis apa dan bagaimana Kebijakan Baru dilaksanakan, apa peran Janda Permaisuri Cixi di dalamnya, dan apa dampak serta hasil dari Kebijakan Baru terhadap Dinasti Qing.

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The New Policy of the Late Qing Dynasty 清末新政 Qīngmò Xīnzhèng or simply referred to as the New Policy is a series of reforms carried out by the Qing Dynasty. Previously, a similar reform, namely the Hundred Days Reform, was almost carried out by the Qing, but had to be stopped due to a conspiracy with Empress Dowager Cixi and other groups opposed to the reform. Cixi only realized the need for reform after the failed Qing attempt to support the Boxer Rebellion against foreign nations in 1901. In the same year, the New Policy was first proposed by Cixi by decree on behalf of Emperor Guangxu in January 1901 and was not implemented until 1902. In the implementation of the New Policy, Cixi's role as Guangxu Emperor's regent and supreme authority in the court was very important. At that time, the role of Cixi was not only a giver of approval for the implementation of reforms, but also as the direct thinker of a number of reforms in the New Policy. The research of this final project carried out through the historical approach to explain and analyze what and how the New Policy was implemented, what was Empress Dowager Cixi's role in it, and what was the impact and outcome of the New Policy on the Qing Dynasty."