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"This study aimed to assess the dietary changes of overweight and obese subjects and its relation to the body weight changes during 24 week of orlistat study. This study was an observational study as part of an open-labelled, randomised, parallel﷓group, real life study of the efficacy of orlistat for 36 weeks. However, this observational study followed the subjects until 24 weeks. The subjects were 64 overweight and obese Indonesian adults with body mass index 25.08 - 37.4 kglm2 and mean weight 76.7 kg (58,2 - 106.7 kg). Subjects were being prescribed a nutritionally balanced mild hypocaloric low fat diet. Caloric levels prescribed were a deficit of 500 kcal/day from daily caloric requirement (BMR corrected with physical activity level). 32 subjects were given orlistat 120 mg tid. On week-24, data of 38 subjects were being pooled and analyzed together. Until week-24, the subjects had lost an average of 7.8% of their initial body weight and 5.9% of their initial waist circumference. Total energy (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05), fat (p<0.001), carbohydrate (p<0.001) and PUFA intake (p<0.005) significantly reduce from week-0 to week-24.

The mean percentage reduced were 19.3% of energy intake, 32.7% of fat intake, 17.4% of carbohydrate intake and 7.5% of protein intake. Several predictors that may influence the body weight changes were treatment (orlistat), carbohydrate, and PUFA intake changes. In conclusion the dietary intake changes might influence the body weight reduction and waist circumference reduction, regardless the treatment, especially because typical Indonesian diet the energy source mostly from carbohydrate."

"ABSTRAKGangguan mental emosional adalah keadaan penderitaan emosional atau perubahan psikologis yang dialami seseorang ditandai dengan adanya gejala depresi, kecemasan, dan perasaan tidak enak rasa lelah, sulit tidur, kehilangan motivasi . Hubungan antara faktor pola makan dan gaya hidup terhadap kesehatan mental mulai menjadi perhatian belakangan ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kejadian gangguan mental emosional pada siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta tahun 2018. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional, menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran antropometri, dan wawancara food recall 1x24 jam dari 156 responden yang dipilih dengan cara nonprobality sampling consequtive sampling . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 34,6 responden mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas diet, moderasi diet, balansi diet, dan uang saku dengan kejadian gangguan mental emosional. Moderasi diet ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan dari kejadian gangguan mental emosional pada siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta tahun 2018. Siswa-siswi yang moderasi dietnya buruk atau dengan kata lain mengonsumsi total lemak, lemak jenuh, kolesterol, natrium, dan makanan kalori kosong gula, minyak, alkohol secara berlebih berisiko 3,628 kali besar mengalami kejadian gangguan mental emosional dibandingkan yang memiliki moderasi diet baik.

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ABSTRACTPsychological distress is a state of emotional suffering or psychological changes characterized by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and feelings of unease fatigue, sleeplessness, loss of motivation . The relationship between dietary and lifestyle factors to mental health began to be a concern. The purpose of this study is to determine the dominant factors that affect the prevalence of psychological distress in the students of SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta in 2018. The study was conducted quantitatively by cross sectional method, using primary data obtained through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and food recall 1x24 hours from 156 respondents selected by nonprobability sampling consecutive sampling. The results showed that as much as 34.6 of respondents experiencing psychological distress. The results of bivariate analysis with chi square test found significant relationship between diet quality, dietary moderation, dietary balance, and allowance with the prevalence of psychological distress. Dietary moderation was found to be the dominant factor of psychological distress in students of SMA Negeri 1 Jakarta 2018. Students with poor dietary moderation or excessively consumed total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and empty calorie foods sugar, oil, alcohol are at risk 3,628 times bigger to experience psychological distress than those with good dietary moderation. "

"Pendahuluan Prevalensi obesitas meningkat terutama pada dewasa muda, yang berisiko pada penyakit kardiometabolik. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena generasi muda sering mengalami kesulitan dalam memenuhi keseimbangan makronutrien. Perubahan tubuh saat obesitas dapat diamati melalui rasio leptin/adiponektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dengan rasio leptin/adiponektin pada populasi dewasa muda Indonesia. Metode Penelitian potong lintang ini merekrut mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia berusia 16-25 tahun pada tahun 2018 dan 2019. Pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi indeks antropometri, komposisi tubuh melalui bio-impedance analyzer, kadar leptin dan adiponektin, serta 3-days food record untuk mengetahui asupan harian (karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat). Hubungan tersebut diuji dengan uji korelasi, dilanjutkan regresi linier multipe untuk penyesuaian variabel perancu. Hasil Dari 405 subjek, didapatkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan (p <0,05) antara asupan karbohidrat (r = -0,229) protein (r = -0,129); dan lemak (r = -0,130) dengan rasio leptin/adiponektin, sedangkan tidak dengan asupan serat (p = 0,955). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat untuk menyesuaikan variabel perancu, asupan makronutrien tidak lagi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Jenis kelamin perempuan (β = 0,323); lingkar pinggang (β = 0,213); perkotaan (β = 0,150); dan persentase lemak tubuh (β = 0,389) menjadi faktor independen yang berhubungan secara signifikan. Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada kemungkinan peran unik dari jenis makronutrien tertentu dalam memperbaiki leptin dan adiponektin, serta mekanisme adaptif adipokin pada populasi dewasa muda. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi hubungan sebab akibat tersebut.

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Introduction Obesity prevalence increased mostly in young adults, put risk in early onset of cardiometabolic disease. One possible cause is young generation often experiences difficulties in meeting macronutrient balance. Adiposity progression can be reflected by increased leptin/adiponectin ratio. This study aims to investigate the association between macronutrient intake to leptin/adiponectin ratio in Indonesian young adults. Method This cross-sectional study recruited Universitas Indonesia student aged 16-25 years old in 2018 and 2019. Measurement included anthropometric indices, body composition using bio-impedance analyzer, serum leptin and adiponectin level, as well as 3-days food record to obtain daily intake data (carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber). The association was tested using correlation test, continued to multiple linear regression for adjustment. Results From 405 subjects, significant (p <0,05) inverse correlation observed between carbohydrate (r = -0,229); protein (r = -0,129); and fat (r = -0,130) intake to leptin/adiponectin ratio, while not with fiber intake (p = 0,955). After adjustment for confounding variables, macronutrient intake no longer showed significant association. Female (β = 0,323); waist circumference (β = 0,213); urban (β = 0,150); and fat body percentage (β = 0,389) became significant independent factor. Conclusion This study suggests that certain macronutrients may lower leptin/adiponectin ratio. Besides that, the decreased ratio could indicate adaptive mechanism in healthy young adults that might raise the risk of weight gain in the future. Body fat and its distribution - –represented by confounding variables– have major role to mediate effect between two. Further studies in regards of young adults are required to confirm this finding."

"Latar Belakang: Peningkatan prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan obesitas sentral di Indonesia merupakan tantangan besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat, terutama bagi wanita. Lingkar pinggang dan glukosa darah puasa adalah indikator kunci kesehatan metabolik. Studi ini memeriksa hubungan antara Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) dan indikator-indikator tersebut di antara wanita Minang dan Sunda di Indonesia.Metode: Data dari studi cross-sectional "Diets, Metabolic Profiles, and Gut Microbiota Among Indonesian Women in Minang and Sundanese-ethnic Communities" digunakan. Asupan makanan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan semi-kuantitatif (FFQ), dan PHDI dihitung serta divalidasi. Pengukuran antropometrik termasuk BMI, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar glukosa darah puasa dicatat, dengan kadar glukosa diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri glukosa oksidase. Usia, aktivitas fisik, etnis, dan area tempat tinggal dievaluasi melalui kuesioner. Analisis regresi linier disesuaikan dengan faktor pengganggu: usia, BMI, etnis, dan area tempat tinggal untuk lingkar pinggang; dan usia, BMI, serta lingkar pinggang untuk glukosa darah puasa.Hasil: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara PHDI dengan lingkar pinggang maupun kadar glukosa darah puasa. Setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor pengganggu, umbi-umbian dan kentang (β adjusted = 0,288, p = 0,014) serta produk susu (β adjusted = 0,755, p = 0,022) secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan lingkar pinggang. Asupan buah secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa (β adjusted = 0,973, p = 0,046).Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun PHDI secara keseluruhan tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan lingkar pinggang atau kadar glukosa darah puasa, komponen diet spesifik seperti umbi-umbian dan kentang, serta produk susu berhubungan dengan lingkar pinggang yang lebih besar. Selain itu, asupan buah yang lebih tinggi berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya intervensi diet pada komponen makanan spesifik dalam PHDI untuk meningkatkan kesehatan metabolik yang lebih baik pada wanita Indonesia.

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Background: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and central obesity in Indonesia presents major public health challenges, especially for women. Waist circumference and fasting blood glucose are key indicators of metabolic health. This study examines the link between the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and these indicators among Minang and Sundanese women in Indonesia.

Methods: Data from the cross-sectional study "Diets, Metabolic Profiles, and Gut Microbiota Among Indonesian Women in Minang and Sundanese-ethnic Communities" were used. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the PHDI was calculated and validated. BMI, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels were recorded, with glucose levels measured using a glucose oxidase colorimetric method. Age, physical activity, ethnicity, and living area were evaluated through questionnaires. Linear regression analysis was adjusted for confounders: age, BMI, ethnicity, and living area for waist circumference, and age, BMI, and waist circumference for fasting blood glucose.

Results: There is no significant association between PHDI with either waist circumference and fasting blood glucose levels. After adjusting for confounders, tubers and potatoes (adjusted β = 0.288, p = 0.014) and dairy (adjusted β = 0.755, p = 0.022) were significantly positively correlated with waist circumference. Fruit intake was significantly positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels (adjusted β = 0.973, p = 0.046).

Conclusions: The study highlights that while the overall PHDI did not show a significant association with waist circumference or fasting blood glucose levels, specific dietary components such as tubers and potatoes, and dairy were linked to larger waist circumference. Additionally, higher fruit intake was associated with increased fasting blood glucose levels. These findings emphasize the need for targeted dietary interventions focusing on specific food components within the PHDI to improve metabolic health outcomes among Indonesian women."

"ABSTRACTPola makan merupakan salah satu modifikasi gaya hidup bagi pasien hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada lansia. Pola makan yang disarankan ialah pola makan Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) yang berfokus pada pembatasan konsumsi garam, lemak dan memperbanyak konsumsi kalium. Pola makan ini memiliki kaitan dengan status gizi berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi natrium, kalium dan lemak dengan status gizi lansia hipertensi berdasarkan The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 107 lansia hipertensi di Pancoran Mas. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa lansia hipertensi tergolong lansia muda, perempuan, tidak lulus SMA, tidak merokok, memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi, IMT >25 (gizi lebih), sering mengonsumsi natrium, kalium, lemak dan status gizi normal berdasarkan MNA. Ditemukan adanya hubungan antara konsumsi lemak (p=0,031, OR=0,387) dengan status gizi lansia hipertensi. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara konsumsi natrium (p=0,172) dan kalium (p=0,68) dengan status gizi lansia hipertensi. Perawat perlu melakukan edukasi untuk memilih jenis lemak yang dikonsumsi lansia, serta menganjurkan untuk pembatasan konsumsi lemak harian pada lansia hipertensi. Meskipun tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi, pembatasan pada konsumsi natrium serta meningkatkan konsumsi kalium pada lansia berperan dalam menstabilkan tekanan darah.

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ABSTRACTDietary Pattern is one of lifestyle modification for hypertensive patients. Hypertension is known as the  primary health problem of older adults. Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended to reduce blood pressure. This diet is focusing on reducing natrium and fat consumption, meanwhile it needs higher pottasium consumption. Research found that maintaining DASH diet can influence nutritional status measured by Body Mass Index (BMI). The aim of this study to determine the correlation between natrium, pottasium, and fat consumption with nutritional status of older adults based on The Mini Nutritional Assessment. This study apply cross-sectional method design. Sample is currently reach about 107 hypertensive older adults patients in Pancoran Mas. Result shows that most of respondents are young elderly, women, lower education, having hypertensive family history, not a smoker, BMI >25, consuming more natrium, pottasium and fat, and having normal nutritional status measured by MNA. Fat consumption is associated with nutritional status of hypertensive older adults (p=0,031, OR=0,387). There is no significant correlation between natrium (p=0,172) and pottasium (p=0,68)  consumption with nutritional status of hypertensive older adults. Nurse should educate hypertensive older adults to manage type of fat consumed and advising to reduce fat in daily consumption. Reducing sodium consumption and increasing pottasium consumption is recommended for them to maintain blood pressure, although it is not correlated with their nutritional status."