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"Background: Protein is one of the nutrients that teeth need during growth, maturation and, after eruption. Protein consists of plantprotein and animal protein. Plantprotein has the highest average percentage of daily protein consumption inIndonesia.Plantprotein is found in nuts, tofu, and tempeh. The content of food sources of plantprotein has many benefits that are good for oral health.At the age of 8-9 years permanent first molar teeth have erupted they can experience caries within 1-2 years after eruption because of their morphological and functional characteristics. In children, dental caries is one of the most frequent chronic infectious diseases occur and have close links with nutrition.While snacks may also contribute to oral health problems.Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of consumption of plant protein and cariogenic food with the occurrence of permanent dental first molar teeth in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study isa cross-sectional observational analytic study. The subjects of the study were 109 children aged 8-9 years who were studying State Primary School in Central Jakarta. Teeth examined for permanent first molar teeth that have been erupted. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire and caries assessment using classification (ICDAS). Result:.The results of the study showed the frequency distribution of caries as follows; 1.8% caries free, 63.3% enamel caries, and 34.9% dentin-pulp caries. Meanwhile, consumption of vegetable protein with caries depth and consumption of snack foods with depth of caries both showed very weak correlation results (r = 0.00-0.199) and there was no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05).Conclusion: There is a very weak correlation between consumption of vegetable protein and snack food with the depth of caries in permanent first molars in children aged 8-9 years in Central Jakarta, and there is no statistically significant difference"

"Sjogrens syndrome merupakan gangguan autoimun yang menyerang kelenjar eksokrin seperti kelenjar saliva dan kelenjar konjungtiva dengan gejala umum berupa penurunan produksi saliva dan produksi cairan konjungtiva yang menyebabkan sensasi kering pada rongga mulut dan mata yang dapat berkembang menjadi karies gigi, infeksi rongga mulut, sensai terbakar pada mata hingga kerusakan kornea. Gejala yang ditimbulkan Sjogrens syndrome sering kali menyerupai manifestasi gangguan kesehatan lain, seperti infeksi. Sejauh ini terdapat beberapa agen infeksius yang memiliki manifestasi menyerupai gejala umum pada Sjogrens syndrome, antara lain infeksi yang disebabkan virus Hepatitis C, virus Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, human T lymphotropic virus1 HTLV-1, dan kemungkinan infeksi bakteri Heliobacter pylori yang memiliki kemampuan untuk terdisposisi pada jaringan epitel gastrik pasca infeksi pertama dan menyebabkan inflamasi persisten serta kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi produksi anti SSA/SSB. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa infeksi persisten mampu memicu gangguan autoimun yang disebabkan oleh aktivasi sel T dan sel B secara terus menerus sebagai upaya eradikasi sel terinfeksi yang memicu reaksi autoimun dan peningkatan kadar sel imun autoreaktif berupa kerusakan sel sehat di sekitarnya. Pada hasil kajian kepustakaan ini menemukan bahwa infeksi persisten bukan faktor satu satunya yang memicu kejadian Sjogrens syndrome namun terdapat faktor lain yang memicu infeksi dapat berkembang menjadi Sjogrens syndrome.

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Sjogrens syndrome is an exocrine glands autoimmune disease, causing decreasing liquids production on salivary gland and conjunctiva with the common symtomps including dry eyes and dry mouth and later causing burn sensations on eyes, cornea destruction, dental caries and oral cavity infections. The symptoms often resemble general health problem, such as infection manifestation. This far, there are several infectious agents in which possibly caused similar diseases manifestation as Sjogrens syndrome, including infections of Hepatitis C virus, Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human T lymphotropic virus-1 HTLV-1, which have the ability to caused persistent infection on salivary glands after the first infection and possibly Heliobacter pylori infection based on the increasing anti Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB on infected individuals. Some research states, persistent infection could trigger autoimmune disorders caused by continous T cells and B cells activation in an attempt to eradicate infected cells that is, but also triggered autoimmune response and increasing autoreactive cells consentration causing damage to healthy cells around the infected cells. However, the results in this literature study found persistent infection is not the only triggering factor of Sjogrens syndrome but there are other unknown factors that trigger infection can develop into Sjogrens syndrome."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan persepsi antara ortodontis dengan masyarakat awam serta pria dengan wanita dalam menilai hasil perawatan hipodonsia insisif lateral rahang atas bilateral. Metode penelitian: Bentuk, warna, dan tepi gingiva gigi insisif lateral rahang atas bilateral dimodifikasi secara digital sebagai simulasi hasil perawatan hipodonsia insisif lateral rahang atas bilateral. Ketiga foto hasil modifikasi dilampirkan pada kuesioner berbasis digital lalu dinilai oleh 100 ortodontis dan 100 masyarakat awam, terdiri dari 100 pria dan 100 wanita. Penilaian dilakukan dengan metode Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) dan uji statistik dilakukan dengan uji-t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna secara statistik ditemukan pada persepsi ortodontis dan masyarakat awam terhadap foto perawatan dengan substitusi kaninus tanpa rekonturing dan foto perawatan dengan protesa. Kesimpulan: Ortodontis dan masyarakat awam memiliki persepsi yang berbeda terhadap hasil perawatan hipodonsia insisif lateral rahang atas bilateral, sedangkan jenis kelamin tidak mempengaruhi persepsi terhadap hasil perawatan hipodonsia insisif lateral rahang atas bilateral.

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Objectives: This study aimed to compare the perception of Indonesian orthodontists and laypeople as well as men and women to the treatment of bilateral upper lateral incisor hypodontia. Methods: Shape, color, and gingival margin of bilateral upper lateral incisor were digitally modified as a simulation of bilateral upper lateral incisor hypodontia treatment result. Three modified photos were presented in a digital-based questionnaire and assessed by 100 orthodontists and 100 laypeople, consisting of 100 men and 100 women. The assessment was done using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and unpaired t-test was used to process the data. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the perception of orthodontists and laypeople to the treatment utilizing canine substitution without recontouring, along with the treatment using prosthesis. Conclusions: Orthodontists and laypeople have different perceptions to the treatment results of bilateral upper lateral incisor hypodontia, while gender does not affect the perception to the treatment results.

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