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"ABSTRACTTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asam amino sistein dan agen pengkelat EDTA dalam larutan Tris-buffer terhadap integritas DNA dan morfometri kepala spermatozoa sapi friesian holstein (Bos taurus) pascapengeringbekuan. Semen dikoleksi seminggu sekali selama enam minggu. Sampel semen sapi diencerkan dengan larutan Tris-buffer yang ditambahkan dengan asam maino sistein dan EDTA. Kelompok perlakuan terbagi menjadi empat, yaitu kelompok larutan pengencer Tris-buffer tanpa ditambahkan asam amino sistein atau EDTA (KK), larutan pengencer Tris-buffer ditambahkan asam amino sistein (KP1), larutan pengencer Tris-buffer ditambahkan dengan EDTA (KP2), larutan pengencer Tris-buffer ditambahkan asam amino sistein dan EDTA (KP3). Hasil integritas DNA spermatozoa sapi friesian holstein pascapengeringbekuan pada semua kelompok perlakuan 100% stabil dan tidak mengalami kerusakan. Hasil analisis varians (ANAVA) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asam amino sistein 10 mM dan EDTA 50 mM terhadap panjang dan area morfometri kepala spermatozoa sapi friesian holstein (Bos taurus) pascapengeringbekuan tidak berbeda nyata antar kelompok (P>0,05), sedangkan terhadap lebar morfometri kepala spermatozoa sapi friesian holstein pascapengeringbekuan berbeda nyata antar kelompok (P<0,05).

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ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to assess the effect of cysteine and EDTA chelating agent on DNA integrity and head morphometry of friesian holstein (Bos taurus) cattle spermatozoa after freeze-drying. Semen was collected every once a week for six weeks. The control group, semen diluted in Tris-buffer solution without cysteine or EDTA chelating agent, while in treatment groups semen diluted in Tris-buffer solution with addition of 10 mM cysteine, addition of 50 mM EDTA chelating agent, then the last group with addition of 10 mM cysteine and 50 mM EDTA chelating agent.  Based on the result, DNA integrity of freeze dried spermatozoa, showed that 100% DNA stablized in control and all groups. Result of variances (ANAVA) one factor test, showed that addition of cysteine 10 mM and EDTA chelating agent 50 mM were not significantly different in length and area morphometry  between groups parameter (P > 0,05), while addition of 10 mM cysteine and 50 mM EDTA chelating agent were significantly different in width morphometry between  groups parameter (P < 0,05)."

"Spodoptera litura is one of the major pests on red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum). Larvae damage crops by biting, chewing, and then eating the lower surface of the leaves. The leaves became transparent white, and severe damage only leaves the leaf’s midrib and veins. Papaya latex (Carica papaya) could be used as a pesticide because it contains cysteine protease, which is a substance that can inhibit the insects from eating the leaves or even kill the pests. The purpose of this study was to produce an organic pesticide from the cysteine protease extracted from papaya latex that is effective against Spodoptera litura. A completely randomized design was used with latex from papaya leaves, papaya rind, and papaya fruit. The methods used were blending and tapping. The blending method was conducted via a chemical extraction using buffer phosphate and ammonium sulfate. The tapping method was conducted via a chemical extraction using acetone. These methods were compared by using an enzyme activity test and efficacy test. The enzyme activity test used a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the efficacy test was done on Spodoptera litura larvae, which were given red chili pepper leaf covered with an organic pesticide from cysteine protease."

"Pendeteksian l-sistein menggunakan nanopartikel perak dengan memanfaatkan metode kolorimetri telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kurva kalibrasi pendeteksian l-sistein menggunakan nanopartikel perak berbentuk larutan. Selain itu, mengetahui respon pengaruh penambahan larutan garam NaCl, asam (HCl), basa (NaOH) dan pH terhadap hasil pendeteksian l-sistein. Spektrofotometer UV Vis dan kamera digital digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi pendeteksian l-sistein dan pengaruh penambahan berbagai macam larutan. Spektrofotometer UV Vis digunakan untuk mengukur spektrum absorbansi larutan sedangkan kamera digital untuk merekam tampilan warna larutan. Nanopartikel perak berbentuk larutan berwarna kuning kecoklatan dihasilkan dari proses biosintesis AgNO3 1mM dan air rebusan daun bisbul. Hasil biosintesis langsung diterapkan untuk mendeteksi l-sistein dengan rentang variasi konsentrasi 2 - 8 ppm dan 0,10 - 25 ppm. Pengaruh eksternal berupa perubahan pH dan penambahan berbagai macam larutan seperti NaCl 0,10 - 1,0 M dan 1,0 M, HCl 0,01 - 0,10 M dan 0,10 M, NaOH 0,01-0,10 M dan 0,10 M diterapkan pada hasil pendeteksian lsistein. Pendeteksian l-sistein memberikan respon tampilan warna larutan kuning kecoklatan atau tidak berubah, setelah dan sebelum pendeteksian. Penambahan larutan garam, asam, terhadap hasil pendeteksian l-sistein membuat perubahan warna larutan menjadi lebih terang dan puncak absorbansi turun. Puncak absorbansi yang turun tidak berarti sensitivitas pendeteksian menjadi naik. Penambahan larutan basa membuat perubahan warna larutan menjadi lebih gelap dan hasil pendeteksian l-sistein menjadi tidak terukur dengan baik yang ditandai oleh puncak absorbansi yang tidak pada satu nilai tertentu.

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Colorimteric method for detection l-cysteine using silver nanoparticles has been developed. These research objectives are determining callibration curve of detection l-cysteine using silver nanoparticles (solution form). Then, study the responses addition of NaCl, HCl, NaOH solutions and pH towards l-cysteine detection. Ultraviolet - visual spectrophotometer and digital camera are used for characterisize detection of l-cysteine and the effects of adding solutions towards it. Silver nanoparticles which formed in solutions has brown-yellow color and it resulted of biosynthesis AgNO3 1mM and bisbul (Diospyros blancoi) leaf infusion. Then, silver nanoparticles is applied for detection l-cysteine in two ranges concentrations, 2-8 ppm and 0,10-25 ppm. External effects are applied for detection l-cysteine, such as, adding solutions NaCl 0,10 - 1,0 M and 1,0 M; HCl 0,01 - 0,10 M and 0,10 M; NaOH 0,01-0,10 M and 0,10 M. The results are, detection of lcysteine give a brown-yellow color nothing change if it compare with silver nanoparticles solutions. Addition of NaCl and HCl solutions give the color changes to bright yellow and absorbance peaks goes down. Decreasing of absorbance peaks are not means sensitivity of detection l-cysteine rising. Addition of NaOH solution give the color changes to dark yellow and absorbance peak has not in one point."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi asam amino sistein 3 mM, 5 mM, dan 7 mM terhadap kualitas spermatozoa sapi sumba ongole Bos indicus pascakriopreservasi. Seekor sapi sumba ongole SO dijadikan sebagai donor semen. Semen dikoleksi setiap satu minggu sekali selama enam minggu untuk memenuhi pengulangan yang dibutuhkan. Sampel semen sapi SO diencerkan menggunakan pengencer Tric Citrite Fructose Yolk TCFY dan penambahan sistein. Kelompok kontrol 0 mM , semen diencerkan dalam TCFY tanpa penambahan asam amino, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan semen diencerkan dalam TCFY dengan penambahan sistein sebesar 3 mM; 5 mM; dan 7 mM. Semen yang telah diencerkan diekuilibrasi dan dibekukan dalam nitrogen cair. Parameter kualitas spermatozoa yang dievaluasi meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, membran plasma utuh MPU , dan integritas DNA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terjadi peningkatan persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan MPU pada kelompok perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi sistein 3 mM; 5 mM; dan 7 mM jika dibandingkan dengan 0 mM. Hasil uji ANAVA satu faktor menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi asam amino sistein memiliki nilai rata-rata persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan MPU yang berbeda nyata.

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ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to assess the effect of cysteine in various concentration 3 mM, 5 mM, and 7 mM on spermatozoa quality of sumba ongole Bos indicus cattle postcryopreservation. Sumba ongole SO cattle serve as donors of semen. Semen was collected every once a week for six weeks to meet the repetition needed. The semen samples were diluted in Tric Citrite Fructose Yolk TCFY extender and the addition of cysteine. The control group 0 mM semen diluted in TCFY without cysteine, while in the treatment group, semen diluted in TCFY with the addition of cysteine 3 mM 5 mM and 7 mM. Semen has been diluted equilibrated and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The parameters of quality of spermatozoa are evaluated include motility, viability, membrane plasma integrity and DNA integrity. Based on the result, the increase in the percentage of motility, viability, and membrane plasma integrity compared to just added extender TCFY 0 mM . The one factor ANOVA showed that various concentrations of cysteine were significantly different between treatment group and control group."