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"Penelitian ini membahas strategi tutur dakwah Ustaz Abdul Somad (UAS) dalam mengkomunikasikan pesan moral di dalam dakwahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memaparkan jenis metafora dalam strategi tutur dakwah UAS dan menjelaskan fungsi ilokusi dalam strategi tutur dakwah UAS. Penelitian ini menggunakan ancangan Crtical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (2004). Teori Metafora Konseptual (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003) dan Teori Tindak Tutur (Searle, 1979) digunakan sebagai landasan analisis untuk menemukan strategi tutur dalam dakwah UAS. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan gabungan teori linguistik kognitif (semantik kognitif dan pragmatik), ditemukan tiga jenis metafora  implisit, yaitu metafora orientasional, metafora ontologi, dan metafora struktural, serta ditemukan pula satu jenis metafora eksplisit dalam bentuk simile. Tuturan-tuturan metaforis tersebut adalah strategi tutur UAS dalam menyampaikan pesan moral dalam dakwahnya karena di dalamnya terdapat tindak performatif yang mempunyai fungsi ilokusi yang berbeda-beda.  Strategi tersebut di antaranya 1) menilai dengan mengklaim, menegaskan, dan menyatakan; 2) memerintahkan dengan melarang perbuatan tidak baik, menyuruh melakukan sesuatu sehingga ada perubahan, dan menyarankan kebaikan; 3) memengaruhi dengan menjanjikan kebaikan dan kebahagian dan menakut-nakuti akibat dari kesalahan; 4) mengekspresikan dengan mendoakan hal baik, mengapresiasi hal baik, dan menyindir hal-hal yang dianggap tidak pantas; dan terakhir, 5) mengatasnamakan dengan menghakimi sesuatu. Dari temuan tersebut tuturan metaforis dakwah UAS didominasi oleh tuturan aserftif yaitu sebanyak 54%. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan, strategi tutur dakwah UAS berupa tuturan metaforis yang didominasi fungsi ilokusi aserif menjadi strategi yang baik untuk menyampaikan pesan moral dalam dakwah. Metafora berperan memudahkan para pendengar dakwah untuk memahami konsep abstrak keagaamaan. Fungsi ilokusi astertif membuat UAS dapat mengkomunikasikasikan pesan-pesan keagamaan dengan cara yang jujur, tegas, tetapi tetap menghargai dan menjaga perasaan para pendengar dakwahnya.

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This study discusses the speech strategy of Ustaz Abdul Somad (UAS) in communicating moral messages in his preach. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of metaphors in the UAS’s preaching speech strategy and explain the illocutionary function in the UAS’s preaching speech strategy. This study uses a Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (2004) approach. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003) and Speech Act Theory (Searle, 1979) were used as the basis for finding speech strategies in UAS’s preach. By using qualitative descriptive methods and a combination of cognitive linguistic theory (cognitive semantics and pragmatics), three types of implicit metaphors were found, namely orientational metaphors, ontological metaphors, and structural metaphors, as well as one explicit metaphor in the form of simile. These metaphorical utterances are UAS's speech strategy in conveying moral messages in their preaching because they contain performative acts that have different illocutionary functions. These strategies including 1) assessing by claiming, asserting, and stating; 2) ordering by prohibiting, commanding, and suggesting; 3) influencing by promising and threatening; 4) expressing by praying, appreciating, and insulting; 5) declaring by judging something. From these findings, it was concluded that the metaphorical speech of UAS’s preach was dominated by assertive speech, as much as 54%. Metaphors play a role in making it easier for listeners to understand the abstract concept of religion. The assertive illocutionary function allows UAS to communicate religious messages in an honest, firm way, but still respects and protects the feelings of the listeners of their da'wah."

"Language demonstrates structure while at the same time showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a language differ from one another while still exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on the dynamic processes that create languages and give them their structure and their variance. Joan Bybee outlines a theory of language that directly addresses the nature of grammar, taking into account its variance and gradience, and seeks explanation in terms of the recurrent processes that operate in language use. The evidence is based on the study of large corpora of spoken and written language, and what we know about how languages change, as well as the results of experiments with language users. The result is an integrated theory of language use and language change which has implications for cognitive processing and language evolution."

"The origins of this volume lie in the international conference Cognitive Linguistics in the Year 2012, convened by the Polish Cognitive Linguistics Association. The proceedings of the conference revolved around three major thematic areas: metaphorical and metonymic underpinnings of meaning in language and beyond, prototypical and gradual phenomena pertaining to linguistic categorization across the lexicogrammatical continuum, and the need for advancing theoretical tools. These recurring themes are reflected in the three-part structure of this volume, with contributions from nearly two dozen re."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Charteris-Black (2004), yang menyatakan bahwa metafora banyak digunakan dalam teks-teks religi dan berperan sebagai alat persuasi bernilai emotif dalam menyampaikan pesan moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan ancangan Crtical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) (2004). Teori Metafora Konseptual (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003) dan Teori Tindak Tutur (Searle, 1979) digunakan sebagai landasan analisis untuk menemukan strategi persuasi dalam tuturan metaforis teks dakwah terkait tema romansa pacaran. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan gabungan teori linguistik kognitif (semantik kognitif dan pragmatik), ditemukan tiga jenis metafora implisit, yaitu metafora orientasional, metafora ontologi, dan metafora struktural, serta ditemukan pula satu jenis metafora eksplisit dalam bentuk simile. Kemudian ditemukan polarisasi makna metaforis antara tenor (subyek metafora) yang dianggap baik dan tenor yang dianggap buruk, juga ditemukan keberpihakan atau bias gender, yaitu laki-laki dianggap sebagai sumber masalah, sedangkan wanita dianggap sebagai korban dalam hubungan romansa pacaran. Terakhir, temuan analisis terhadap strategi tutur yang digunakan penulis dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan larangan pacaran yaitu banyak dituturkan dengan cara yang asertif dan direktif. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung hasil penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh Charteris-Black (2004) bahwa teks-teks religi memiliki kecenderungan sebagai teks yang bersifat didactic, yaitu ditujukan untuk menggurui atau lebih spresifiknya bersifat menginstruksi pembaca terhadap ajaran moral. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penelitian disiplin ilmu lain terhadap teks-teks terkait isu religiusitas di Indonesia, baik itu dari ilmu kebahasaan maupun displin ilmu sosial lain.

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ABSTRACTThe current research was based on Charteris-Black‟s (2004) notable argument about how metaphors in religious texts are basically utilized as tools for persuasion which has emotive value of religious moral code. This research used Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) approach (2004), and used Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 2003) and Speech Act Theory (Searle, 1979) as the base of analysis to find out what particular persuasion strategy used in the metaphorical speech act of particular popular religious text regarding pre-marital romantic relationship. By using descriptive qualitative research method and the combination of cognitive linguistic theories (cognitive semantics and pragmatics), it was found that there are three kinds of implicit metaphor in the text, which are orientational metaphor, ontological metaphor, and structural metaphor. It was also found that the text used an explicit metaphor of simile. Furthermore, it was also found that there is a metaphorical meaning polarization between tenors of what is good and what is bad. There was also a tendency found in the metaphorical speech on the text, men were portrayed as the source of problem whereas women were viewed as the sole victim of pre-marital romantic relationship, this tendency implied a gender bias on the text. Finally, the analysis on speech act strategy used by the author revealed that it was delivered by using assertive and directive way of speech. The result of this research was in line with Charteris-Black (2004) founding which stated that religious texts tend to be didactic, or intended to teach moral instruction towards the readers. This research might shed a light for further research on religious texts in Indonesia in various disciplines of study."

"Disertasi ini membahas semantik spasial preposisi ala dan nomina spasial fawqa dengan memanfaatkan ancangan linguistik kognitif, khususnya semantik kognitif. Dengan sumber data dari corpus.kacst.edu.sa dan model polisemi berprinsip dari Tyler dan Evans (2003), serta konfigurasi dari Ferrando dan Gosser (2011), kajian ini menemukan makna primer ala dan fawqa yaitu yang menyatakan makna lebih tinggi dari atau posisi di atas. Perbedaan kedua leksem itu terletak pada ada atau tidaknya kontak pada salah satu sisi permukaan entitas yang berelasi. Untuk makna perluasan ala, secara dominan menunjukkan relasi kuasa dan relasi tumpuan, sedangkan makna perluasan fawqa menunjukkan makna melebihi atau melampaui. Data dari korpus juga memperlihatkan kecenderungan jumlah makna perluasan ala lebih banyak dibanding makna perluasan fawqa. Selain itu, makna perluasan ala lebih banyak menunjukkan hubungan yang erat antara verba atau nomina derivatifnya dengan ala, sedangkan makna perluasan fawqa tidak menunjukkan hal yang sama. Temuan tentang makna primer dan makna perluasan masing-masing ala dan fawqa disajikan dalam bentuk jejaring semantis. Jejaring semantis itu menggambarkan relasi polisemis antara makna-makna perluasan dengan makna primernya. Sebagai dua leksem yang bersinonim, fawqa dapat menggantikan ala pada situasi tertentu, dan begitu pula sebaliknya.

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This dissertation discusses the spatial semantics of preposition ala and spatial noun fawqa by utilizing cognitive linguistic approaches, specifically cognitive semantics. With data sources from corpus.kacst.edu.sa and principled polysemy models from Tyler and Evans (2003), as well as configurations from Ferrando and Gosser (2011), this study found the primary sense of ala and fawqa, which states higher meaning or position above. The difference between the two lexemes lies in the presence or absence of contact on one side of the surface of the related entity. For the extended senses of ala, dominantly show the power relation and pedestal relation, while the extended senses of fawqa indicate the exceeding or beyond. Data from the corpus also show the tendency of the number of the extended senses ala more than the extended senses of fawqa. furthermore, the extended senses of ala show the close relationship between the verb or its derivative nouns with ala, while the extended senses of fawqa does not indicate the same thing. The findings of the primary sense and the extended senses of each ala and fawqa are presented in the frame of semantic network, which illustrates the polysemic relation between extended senses and their primary sense. As two synonymous lexemes, fawqa can replace ala in certain situations, and vice versa."

"Disertasi ini mengkaji pertalian antara skema citra dan relasi Figure (F) & Ground (G) dalam penggunaan preposisi in dan op untuk memahami persepsi ruang penutur bahasa Belanda. Data frasa nominal berpola [NP [[P][NP]] diambil dan diolah dengan SKETCH ENGINE. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa persepsi ruang dapat diinterpretasikan dengan kemunculan skema citra yang mendasari relasi F & G. Dengan kosakata berunsur konkret, penggunaan preposisi in memunculkan skema citra CONTAINMENT dan RUANG. Tergantung dari ranah semantisnya, G dapat dipersepsikan sebagai wadah, atau F berada di dalam G, atau G merupakan himpunan dari F. Dengan preposisi op tergambar skema citra PERMUKAAN, KONTAK, SUPPORT. G dipersepsikan sebagai sebuah permukaan, atau penopang, atau tempat F menempel. Entitas F dengan kosakata abstrak dalam penggunaan preposisi in mencirikan sifat dinamis karena entitas F dipersepsikan mengandung sebuah proses atau pergerakan dalam ruang lingkup G, dengan skema citra EKSISTENSI. Skema citra ini masih membawa ciri skema citra CONTAINMENT dan RUANG. Dengan preposisi op, entitas F abstrak juga memperlihatkan ciri dinamis. F dapat berupa entitas yang dapat mempengaruhi entitas G, bahkan mengubahnya. Persepsi ruang ini didasari skema citra KEKUATAN DINAMIS yang masih membawa ciri skema citra KONTAK yang menggambarkan bahwa persentuhan F dengan G mengubah keadaan G.

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This research discusses the relation between image schema and Figure (F)—Ground (G) in the use of Dutch prepositions in and op to understand the perception of space. Nominal phrase data with [NP [[P][NP]] pattern is collected and processed by SKETCH ENGINE. The study results show that the perception of space can be interpreted by the image schema that underlies the F—G relation. Within concrete words, the use of preposition in shows CONTAINMENT and SPACE image schema’s. Depending on the semantic domain, G can be perceived as a container, or F is inside G, or G is a set of F. Image schema SURFACE, CONTACT, SUPPORT is depicted by the use of op. G is recognised as a surface or support, or to which F attaches. Entity F with abstract words in the use of in preposition characterises dynamic features because entity F is perceived as a process or movement within the G, with image schema EXISTENCE. This image schema still carries the characteristics of CONTAINMENT and SPACE. With preposition op, the abstract entity F also shows a dynamic aspect. F can be any entity that can influence G, and even change it. This perception of space is based on the FORCE DYNAMIC and still shows CONTACT which illustrates that the contact between F and G can changes the state of G."

"This handbook provides a thorough explanation of its rich methodology, key results, and interdisciplinary context. With in-depth coverage of the research questions, basic concepts, and various theoretical approaches, the handbook addresses newly emerging subfields and shows their contribution to the discipline. This handbook introduces fields of study that have become central to cognitive linguistics, such as conceptual mappings and construction grammar. It explains all the main areas of linguistic analysis traditionally expected in a full linguistics framework, and includes fields of study such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics, diachronic studies, and corpus linguistics."