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"Latar belakang: Smear layer akibat preparasi saluran akar dapat menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan dua macam irigan kombinasi terhadap pembersihan smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks. Metode: Tiga puluh gigi premolar tetap dibagi atas tiga kelompok sama besar Kelompok I, Kelompok II dan Kelompok II masing masing menggunakan irigan kombinasi NaOCl 2 625 asam sitrat 17 NaOCl 2 625 EDTA 17 dan Kelompok III kelompok kontrol menggunakan salin. Sisa smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks diperiksa dengan SEM dan diukur dengan memberikan skor jika permukaan yang bersih dari smear layer adalah lebih dari 75 50 - 75 25 - 50 dan kurang dari 25 maka berturut turut diberi Skor 0 1 2 dan 3 Hasilnya dianalisis dengan Kolmogorov Smirnov. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam membersihkan smear layer antara Kelompok I dan II p 0 447 tetapi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol Kelompok I dan II secara signfikan p 0 000 membersihkan smear layer lebih baik Kesimpulan Kombinasi irigan NaOCl - asam sitrat dan NaOCl - EDTA tidak berbeda pengaruhnya dalam membersihkan smear layer di daerah sepertiga apeks.

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Background: Smear layer as a result of instrumentaion could influence the outcome of treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of two combination of irigants in removing the smear layer in the root canal.

Methods: Thirty permanent premolars were divided in 3 groups equally Group I II and III used NaOCl 2 625 citric acid 17 NaOCl 2 625 EDTA 17 and saline solution control respectively. The remnants of smear layer were evaluated by SEM and were scored The Score was 0 1 2 or 3 if the remnants of the smear layer was less than 25 between 25 to 50 50 to 75 and more than 75 of the surface respectively and were analyzed by Kolmogorov Smirnov

Results: There was no significant different in removing the smear layer between the Group I and the Group II p 0 447 while comparing to the control group the experimental groups were significantly better p 0 000 Conclusion No difference in ability to remove the smear layer between combinations of irrigant of NaOCl 2 625 citric acid 17 and NaOCl 2 625 EDTA 17 "

"[ABSTRAKSkirpsi ini membahas tentang Gerakan Bersih, Manusiawi dan Berwibawa yang dilakukan oleh Gubernur Wiyogo Atmodarminto dalam mengatasi problematika di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian skripsi ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari proses heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan sebuah gambaran mengenai Gerakan BMW di Jakarta pada tahun 1987-1992. Pemahaman akan gerakan BMW pada masa Gubernur Wiyogo ini diharapkan akan menimbulkan rasa kesadaran bagi Pemda DKI Jakarta dan masyarakat Jakarta akan pentingnya kebersihan, rasa manusiawi dan kewibawaan. Hasil dari penelitian skripsi ini adalah bahwa Gerakan BMW berhasil mewujudkan kota Jakarta yang Bersih, Manusiawi dan Berwibawa dengan bukti tahun 1991 Jakarta Pusat memperoleh sertifikat Adipura dan setahun setelahnya Jakarta Timur mendapatkan pengharagaan Adipura, menindak tegas pelanggaran peraturan yang dilakukan oleh swasta seperti Hotel Interhouse, Penambahan ruang terbuka hijau, peberian bantuan dana dan keterampilan bagi gelandangan, dan merutinkan program prokasih.ABSTRACTThis thesis is discusses about Cleanliness, Humane and Authority Movement during the reign of Governor Wiyogo Atmodarminto for solving many problems in Jakarta. The method used in this thesis research is the historical method comprising heuristic process, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research objective is to provide an overview of the BMW Movement in Jakarta in 1987-1992. BMW's understanding of movement during Wiyogo governor is expected to cause a sense of awareness for DKI Jakarta Goverment and the people on the importance of cleanliness, a sense of humanity and authority. Results from the study of this thesis is that the Movement BMW succeeded in realizing Jakarta Clean, Humane and Authority with evidence in 1991 in Central Jakarta obtain a certificate of clean city and the year after East Jakarta gain awards clean city, crack down on rule violations committed by private companies such as Hotel Interhouse, Additions green open spaces, social funds and skills for the homeless, and doing PROKASIH program.;This thesis is discusses about Cleanliness, Humane and Authority Movement during the reign of Governor Wiyogo Atmodarminto for solving many problems in Jakarta. The method used in this thesis research is the historical method comprising heuristic process, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research objective is to provide an overview of the BMW Movement in Jakarta in 1987-1992. BMW's understanding of movement during Wiyogo governor is expected to cause a sense of awareness for DKI Jakarta Goverment and the people on the importance of cleanliness, a sense of humanity and authority. Results from the study of this thesis is that the Movement BMW succeeded in realizing Jakarta Clean, Humane and Authority with evidence in 1991 in Central Jakarta obtain a certificate of clean city and the year after East Jakarta gain awards clean city, crack down on rule violations committed by private companies such as Hotel Interhouse, Additions green open spaces, social funds and skills for the homeless, and doing PROKASIH program.;This thesis is discusses about Cleanliness, Humane and Authority Movement during the reign of Governor Wiyogo Atmodarminto for solving many problems in Jakarta. The method used in this thesis research is the historical method comprising heuristic process, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research objective is to provide an overview of the BMW Movement in Jakarta in 1987-1992. BMW's understanding of movement during Wiyogo governor is expected to cause a sense of awareness for DKI Jakarta Goverment and the people on the importance of cleanliness, a sense of humanity and authority. Results from the study of this thesis is that the Movement BMW succeeded in realizing Jakarta Clean, Humane and Authority with evidence in 1991 in Central Jakarta obtain a certificate of clean city and the year after East Jakarta gain awards clean city, crack down on rule violations committed by private companies such as Hotel Interhouse, Additions green open spaces, social funds and skills for the homeless, and doing PROKASIH program., This thesis is discusses about Cleanliness, Humane and Authority Movement during the reign of Governor Wiyogo Atmodarminto for solving many problems in Jakarta. The method used in this thesis research is the historical method comprising heuristic process, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research objective is to provide an overview of the BMW Movement in Jakarta in 1987-1992. BMW's understanding of movement during Wiyogo governor is expected to cause a sense of awareness for DKI Jakarta Goverment and the people on the importance of cleanliness, a sense of humanity and authority. Results from the study of this thesis is that the Movement BMW succeeded in realizing Jakarta Clean, Humane and Authority with evidence in 1991 in Central Jakarta obtain a certificate of clean city and the year after East Jakarta gain awards clean city, crack down on rule violations committed by private companies such as Hotel Interhouse, Additions green open spaces, social funds and skills for the homeless, and doing PROKASIH program.]"

"Up to now, in general, the safety of food that is sold at any canteens in the campuses, the eating utensils are handled and thefood stalls are managed are still uncertain. This research was aimed to understand the correlation between the eating utensilshandling and the contamination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the food sold by the food vendors in the campus. The crosssectionaldesign research applied on the food stalls in the university campus in Depok with a total number of 173 consumersas respondents. The variables observed as independent variables were the sanitation of the eating utensils and the sanitationof the dining place. The examination method of the Most Probable Number (MPN) for E. coli was conducted to assess thefood’s hygiene. The data analyzed using the chi-square test and followed by the logistic regression. The result showed thatmore than half of the food samples (59.54%) were contaminated by E. coli. The storage place of the eating utensils was mostsignificantly correlated with the E. coli contamination of the served food with an OR=0.45 (0.21-0.87). Therefore, it isnecessary to promote the awareness of this risk and reinforce supervision by the Health Authorities and by the managementof the place of sales to provide guidance to the food vendors and to the consumers as well. Further research is recommendedto observe the E. coli contamination through clean water, eating utensils, the hands of the consumers and the napkins used towipe dry the eating utensils.Hubungan Pengelolaan Peralatan Makan dan Tempat Penjualan terhadap Kontaminasi Escherichia coli padaPenyajian Makanan Jajanan. Selama ini belum diketahui kondisi keamanan makanan jajanan, pengelolaan peralatanmakan dan tempat penjualan makanan di lingkungan Kampus. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antarapengelolaan peralatan makan dan tempat penjualan terhadap kontaminasi Escherichia coli (E. coli) pada penyajian makananjajanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potonglintang. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap seluruh tempat penjual makanandi lingkungan Kampus UI Depok dengan responden sebanyak 173 penjamah makanan. Pemeriksaan Most Probable Number(MPN) E. coli dilakukan untuk mengetahui keamanan makanan. Lebih dari separuh 59,54% sampel makanan jajananterkontaminasi E. coli. Tempat penyimpanan peralatan makan paling berhubungan dengan kontaminasi E. coli padapenyajian makanan jajanan. Faktor ini protektif terhadap kontaminasi E. coli pada penyajian makanan jajanan. Hal inididuga disebabkan adanya faktor-faktor lain yang berkontribusi terhadap kontaminasi tersebut tetapi tidak diamati dalampenelitian ini seperti, kontaminasi E. coli pada air bersih, peralatan makan, tangan penjamah makanan dan lap yangdigunakan untuk mengeringkan peralatan makan. Perlu ditingkatkan sosialisasi dan pengawasan oleh dinas kesehatan danpengelola tempat penjual makanan jajanan kepada penjual makanan dan penjamah makanan. Perlu dilakukan penelitianlanjutan dengan mengamati kontaminasi E. coli pada air bersih, peralatan makan, tangan penjamah makanan dan lap yangdigunakan untuk mengeringkan perlatan makan."

"Kebersihan merupakan salah satu persyaratan bangunan dan fasilitas sebuah PBF yang diatur dalam CDOB dan CDAKB. Prosedur tertulis, program pembersihan dan dokumentasi pelaksanaan pembersihan harus tersedia. Pengisian formulir vendor termasuk checklist kebersihan gudang pada PBF cabang PT Anugerah Pharmindo Lestari masih dilakukan dengan mengisi formulir tulisan tangan. Tugas khusus ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan usulan pengisisan formulir checklist kebersihan gudang secara daring di PT Anugerah Pharmindo Lestari melalui aplikasi informU. Prototipe aplikasi informU untuk pengisian formulir checklist kebersihan gudang secara daring dibuat menggunakan perangkat lunak. Prototipe aplikasi informU mencakup halaman login pengguna, tampilan menu awal, menu input form, serta menu cek rekap form. Usulan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan ketelusuran dalam proses pengisian, pemantauan, dan pengelolaan dokumen checklist kebersihan gudang.

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Cleanliness is one of the building and facility requirements for a PBF which is regulated in the CDOB and CDAKB. Written procedures, cleaning programs and documentation of cleaning implementation must be available. Filling out vendor forms including the warehouse cleanliness checklist at the PBF branch of PT Anugerah Pharmindo Lestari is still done by filling in a handwritten form. This special task aims to develop a proposal for filling out the warehouse cleanliness checklist form online at PT Anugerah Pharmindo Lestari via the informU application. The informU application prototype for filling out warehouse cleanliness checklist forms online was created using software. The informU application prototype includes a user login page, initial menu display, form input menu, and form recap check menu. This proposal is expected to increase efficiency and traceability in the process of filling out, monitoring and managing warehouse cleanliness checklist documents."

"Penggunaan biodiesel menjadi hal hal mandatori di Indonesia termasuk untuk industri pertambangan. Penggunaan biodiesel B30 sudah dilakukan. Permasalahan yang timbul berasal dari nilai particulate biodiesel yang tinggi, kadar air dalam biodiesel dan keberadaan gliseryn. Filtrasi menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mendapatkan nilai cleanliness sesuai requirement yaitu 18/13/11 berdasarkan ISO CODE 4406. Filter UTP menjadi solusi yang digunakan pada Filtrasi main tank SIS SERA Adaro di Kalimatnan Selatan. Filter terdiri dari wiremesh, dan prefilter untuk before main tank. Wiremesh, prefilter, coalescer dan water separator untuk after main tank. Pengujian dilakukan selama satu periode pemakaian filter, dengan pengambilan data dilakukan setiap hari. Hasil capaian kebersihan menunjukan bahwa cleanliness tercapai pada ISO code 17/13/11 dari nilai rata-rata ISO code 20-21 pada 4 micron.

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The use of biodiesel is mandatory in Indonesia, including for the mining industry. The use of biodiesel B30 has been carried out. The problems that arise come from the high particulate biodiesel value, water content in biodiesel and the presence of glycerin. Filtration is one solution to get the cleanliness value according to the requirement, namely 18/13/11 based on ISO CODE 4406. The UTP filter is the solution used in the Filtration of the SIS SERA Adaro main tank in South Kalimantan. The filter consists of a wiremesh, and a prefilter for the before main tank. Wiremesh, prefilter, coalescer and water separator for after main tank. The test was carried out for one period of filter usage, with data collection carried out every day. The results of the cleanliness achievement show that cleanliness is achieved at ISO code 17/13/11 from the average value of ISO code 20-21 at 4 microns."

"Validasi pembersihan merupakan suatu tindakan pembuktian yang didokumentasikan untuk menghilangkan produk sebelumnya atau bahan pembersih yang dipakai pada peralatan sampai batas residu maksimum yang secara sains dianggap aman serta prosedur pembersihan yang disetujui akan menghasilkan peralatan bersih yang sesuai untuk pengolahan obat. Multivitamin merupakan suplemen makanan yang mengandung semua atau sebagian besar vitamin yang tidak tersedia dalam makanan yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari. Pelaksanaan validasi pembersihan dapat membuktikan prosedur  pembersihan mesin dan peralatan yang berdampak pada mutu, keamanan, kemurnian, dan khasiat produk termasuk tatalaksana, metode pengambilan sampel, kriteria penerimaan, tindak lanjut apabila ditemukan penyimpangan, dan jangka waktu revalidasi. apabila tidak ada perubahan maka validasi ulang (revalidation) dilakukan 3 tahun sekali. Validasi ini berdasarkan analisis risiko dan validation master plan. Verifikasi dilakukan pada mesin yang baru atau setelah dilakukan pembersihan mesin. Dalam validation master plan validasi pembersihan harus tercantum daftar train mesin, program pelaksanaan validasi pembersihan dan prioritas jalur equipment train yang akan di validasi, serta tanggung jawab masing-masing departemen terhadap pelaksanaan validasi pembersihan. PT Kalbe Farma sudah menerapkan prosedur validasi pembersihan yang sesuai dengan pedoman Cara Pembuatan Obat yang Baik (CPOB) mengenai poin validasi pembersihan sehingga menghasilkan produk obat yang terjamin mutu, khasiat, dan keamanannya.

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Cleaning validation is a documented act of proof to remove previous products or cleaning agents used on equipment to the maximum residue limit that is scientifically considered safe and that the approved cleaning procedure will produce clean equipment suitable for drug processing. Multivitamins are food supplements that contain all or most of the vitamins that are not available in foods consumed daily. The implementation of cleaning validation can prove the cleaning procedure of machines and equipment that impacts the quality, safety, purity, and efficacy of the product including management, sampling methods, acceptance criteria, follow-up if deviations are found, and the revalidation period. if there is no change, revalidation is carried out every 3 years. This validation is based on risk analysis and validation master plan. Verification is carried out on new machines or after cleaning the machine. The validation master plan for cleaning validation must include a list of machine trains, a cleaning validation implementation program and priority equipment train lines to be validated, as well as the responsibilities of each department for the implementation of cleaning validation. PT Kalbe Farma has implemented a cleaning validation procedure in accordance with the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines regarding cleaning validation points to produce drug products that are guaranteed quality, efficacy, and safety."

"Pesantren, asrama islam di Indonesia, mempunyai risiko yang cukup tinggi dalam penyebaran penyakit kulit infeksius karena sanitasi yang kurang dan tempatnya yang ramai. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dari penyakit kulit infeksius dan menganalisa hubungannya dengan pengetahuan mengenai kebersihan. Riset ini dilakukan di sebuah pesantren yang bertempatkan di Jakarta Timur dan menggunakan desain pembelajaran cross sectional. Data yang dibutuhkan diperoleh dari anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan oleh tim dokter kulit dari RSCM serta pengisian kuisioner oleh santri dan santriwati. Riset ini dilakukan dari bulan Januari 2013 hingga Juli 2014. Data yang terkumpul diolah menggunakan SPSS 21 dan diuji menggunakan uji Chi-square serta uji Kolmogorov Smirnof.Hasil dari riset ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi dari penyakit kulit infeksius di antara santri dan santriwati di sebuah pesantren di Jakarta Timur adalah 37.5% dengan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara penyakit kulit infeksius dan pengetahuan mengenai kebersihan.

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Pesantren, an Islamic boarding school in Indonesia, has a high risk of infection because it has low sanitation and is very crowded. The objective of the study is to know the prevalence of infectious skin disease in a pesantren in East Jakarta and analyze its relation with one of the contributing factors, which is knowledge about hygiene. The cross sectional study was done at a pesantren, located at East Jakarta. The data were obtained from all students by anamnesis and dermatological examinations done by dermatologists. Students were also asked to fill out some questionnaires to know their knowledge about hygiene. Data collection was done from January ? May 2014, processed using SPSS 21, tested with Chi-square and Kolmogorov Smirnof Test.Result showed that the prevalence of infectious skin disease in male and female students of a pesantren in East Jakarta was 37.5% with no significant relationship between infectious skin disease and knowledge about hygiene both in male and female students."