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"Tanaman kubis adalah sayuran yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dan pada umumnya dalam pertumbuhannya diperlukan banyak air. Pestisida yang larut dalam air akan meresap pada daun tanaman kubis, hal ini akan menimbulkan dampak negatif apabila dikonsumsi secara langsung. Kandungan residu pestisida yang ada didalam sayuran tergantung penggunaan pestisida yang antara lain dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu : jenis pestisida yang digunakan, dosis/konsentrasi pestisida yang digunakan, frekuensi penyemprotan, rentang waktu penyemprotan terakhir sebelum dipanen dan alat yang digunakan."

"[ABSTRAKPrevalensi infeksi parasit usus di Jakarta masih tinggi, yaitu mencapai 70,47%. Ada beberapa jalur transmisinya, antara lain melalui konsumsi sayuran yang terkontaminasi. Sayuran yang mungkin terkontaminasi ialah kubis, terlebih lagi kubis dapat dimakan dalam kondisi mentah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kontaminasi parasit usus pada kubis di pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta tahun 2012. Digunakan masing-masing 20 sampel sayuran kubis dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta. Sampel diolah menggunakan metode sedimentasi sederhana dengan media perendaman larutan deterjen cair 10% dan air sebagai kontrol. Ditemukan 100% sampel kubis yang diteliti menggunakan media perendaman larutan deterjen cair 10% positif terkontaminasi parasit usus dengan jumlah yang bervariasi. Spesies parasit usus yang ditemukan ialah Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), cacing tambang (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), dan Entamoeba coli (2,34%). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antara jumlah parasit usus pada sayuran kubis di pasar tradisional sebanyak 2240 (64,93%) dan swalayan sebanyak 1210 (35,07%). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,000) antara jumlah kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kubis berdasarkan media perendaman, yaitu sebanyak 3450 (71,43%) pada larutan deterjen cair 10% dan 1380 (28, 57%) pada air.

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ABSTRACTPrevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergent solution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasites contamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water., Prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in Jakarta is still high, about 70,47%. There are several ways of its transmission. One of them is by consuming contaminated vegetables. Vegetables which are possible to be contaminated is cabbage, more over it can be consumed in raw condition. This study aims to determine and compare contamination of intestinal parasites on cabbage from traditional and modern markets Jakarta 2012. This study used 20 samples of cabbages from each traditional and modern markets in Jakarta. Samples were processed using a simple sedimentation method with 10% liquid detergentsolution as submersion media and water as control. From all samples, 100% samples of cabbage that were soaked in 10% liquid detergent solution were positive contaminated by intestinal parasites in varying amounts. Species of intestinal parasites that was found were Ascaris lumbricoides (64,03%), Trichuris trichiura (18,71%), Hookworm (7,02%), Giardia lamblia (7,90%), and Entamoeba coli (2,34%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasite on cabbage from traditional markets as much as 2240 (64,93%) and modern markets as much as 1210 (35,07%). There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the number of intestinal parasitescontamination on cabbage based on submersion media, 3450 (71.43%) was found by using 10% liquid detergent solution and 1380 (28, 57%) was found by using water.]"

"Kebutuhan akan inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan semakin berkembang, sehingga penelitian untuk mencari alternatif ekstrak tumbuhan sebagai inhibitor korosi semakin meningkat. Kayu secang dipercaya memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang dapat berperan dalam menghambat laju korosi yang pada material. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efek penambahan ekstrak Kayu Secang (KS) terhadap laju korosi dari Baja API 5L X52 dalam Larutan 3,5% NaCl dan juga melihat sifat sinergis inhibitor saat ekstrak KS dikombinasikan dengan ekstrak Kubis Merah (KM) yang sebelumnya telah dilaporkan efektif sebagai inhibitor korosi.Beberapa pengujian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi KS sebagai inhibitor korosi. Metode Polarisasi dan EIS digunakan untuk melihat efektifitas ekstrak KS dan kombinasinya dengan ekstrak KM sebagai inhibitor korosi dengan variasi konsentrasi yang ditambahkan. FTIR digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi gugus fungsi yang terkandung dalam ekstrak KS dan KM. Model adsorpsi isotherm digunakan untuk melihat mekanisme adsorpsi dari ekstrak.Dari hasil Polarisasi menunjukan penambahan ekstrak KS akan menurunkan laju korosi dari 0,172 mm/tahun menjadi 0,04 mm/tahun hingga konsentrasi 0,75 ml dalam 200 ml 3,5% NaCl, dan pengujian EIS mendukung hasil tersebut. Pengabungan ekstrak KS dengan KM menunjukan efek anti-sinergi melihat dari nilai sinergistik parameter yang didapat <1. Peningkatan efisiensi inhibisi pada komposisi 0,1 ml dan 0,2 ml KS dalam 2,5 ml KM, diperkirakan karena ekstrak yang ditambahkan belum mencapai titik optimum.Hasil FTIR menunjukan ekstrak KS memiliki gugus C=O yang berperan dalam proses adsorpsi dan gugus ?OH (hydroxil) yang menunjukan sifat antioksidan. Ekstrak KS dan juga campurannya teradsorpsi mengikuti model Langmuir isotherm dimana adsorpsi yang terjadi adalah monolayer dan tidak ada reaksi antar molekul. Nilai energi bebas menunjukan bahwa proses adsorpsi terjadi secara spontan dan jenis ikatan yang terjadi dalam proses adsorpsi adalah secara fisik/physicsorption dengan nilai -20,79 KJ/mol untuk ekstrak KS, dan -7,08 KJ/mol untuk Ekstrak KS+KM

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The needs of green corrosion inhibitors is growing, thus searching for the alternative plants extract to be used as corrosion inbitor is increasing. Caesalpinia sappan L (KS) believed to contain antioxidant that may play role in inhibiting the corrosion rate of material. This study was conducted to understand the inhibitive properties owned by the extract of KS on the API 5L X52 Material in 3.5%NaCl and to assess the sinergistic effect when KS is combined with Red Cabbage (KM) extract which already proven as alternative corrosion inhibitor.

Several tests were conducted to evaluate KS as green corrosion inhibitor. Tafel Polarization and EIS methods were used to assess the effectiveness of KS and its combination with KM as corrosion inhibitor at various concentration in 3.5% NaCl. FTIR method was used to characterize the functional groups contained in the extract. Adsorption isotherm was used to recognize the adsorption mechanism of the extracts.

The polarization results shows the inhibitive properties of KS thus reduce the corrosion rate of material from 0.172mm/year to 0.04mm/year with addition of 0.75ml of KS in 200ml 3.5%NaCl, meanwhile EIS result supports the polarization results. Mixing of KS and KM shows anti-synergistic effect, which shown on synergistic parameter value <1 for any volume addition of KS. An increase in inhibition efficiency on 0.1ml and 0.2ml KS composition of the mixture is expected due the mixture has not reached the critical point.

While FTIR results show KS and KM both has a C = O functional groups that play a role in the adsorption process and the -OH (hydroxil) which shows antioxidant properties. From the verification plot of several isotherm models, the KS extract and its mixture follows Langmuir Isotherm, which mean the inhibitive layer adsorbed is considered monolayer and there is no reaction between the active molecules. Thus from the calculation of adsorption free energy we have -20.79KJ/mol for KS and - 7.08KJ/mol, thereof the adsorption process considered as physicsorption and the adsorption occurs due to electrostatic bond. The minus (-) sign indicates the adsorption process is spontaneous."

"Ekstrak kubis merah telah dievaluasi sebagai inhibitor korosi ramah lingkungan untuk baja API 5L grade X60 dilingkungan larutan NaCl 3,5% menggunakan metode Tafel polarisasi dan Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Pengujian Tafel Polarisasi menunjukkan ekstrak kubis merah bertindak sebagai inhibitor campuran sedangkan pengujian Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy menunjukkan terbentuknya lapisan film dari molekul inhibitor pada permukaan baja API 5L grade X60, dari kedua pengujian ini effisiensi inhibisi meningkat dengan meningkatnya jumlah konsentrasi inhibitor yang ditambahkan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa molekul inhibitor teradsorpsi secara fisika dengan mengikuti model adsorpsi Langmuir Isoterm, senyawa Cyanidin diketahui sebagai senyawa utama yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan baja API 5L grade X60.

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Red cabbage extract has been evaluated as green inhibitor corrosion for API 5L grade X60 steel on 3.5% NaCl environment using Tafel polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Tafel polarization methode shows red cabbage extract acts as an mixed inhibitor and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy methode showed the formation of a layer of film of the inhibitors molecule on the surface of the API 5L grade X60 steel, from both this methode inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Results of the evaluation showed that the inhibitor molecules is physically adsorbed by following the Langmuir isotherms model, cyanidin compounds are known as major compounds are adsorbed on the surface of API 5L grade X60 steel."