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"Penelitian ini membahas aktivitas spesifik katalase dalam mencegah stres oksidatif pada jaringan yang disebabkan oleh kondisi hipoksia hipobarik. Hipoksia hipobarik akut berulang sering dialami oleh para penerbang, terutama ketika harus menjalani prosedur Hypobaric Chamber training yang rutin diadakan dua tahun sekali. Salah satu jaringan yang rentan terhadap stres oksidatif akibat hipoksia adalah jaringan ginjal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan ginjal tikus percobaan yang diinduksi hipoksia hipobarik akut yang berulang.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain eksperimental. Sampel jaringan ginjal diambil dari total 25 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan dengan perbedaan frekuensi terhadap perlakuan prosedur Hypobaric chamber dan satu kelompok kontrol. Metode untuk mengukur aktivitas spesifik katalase menggunakan metode Mates et al. (1999) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh Departemen Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler Fakultas kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan bermakna aktivitas spesifik katalase semua kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perubahan berupa peningkatan yang signifikan aktivitas spesifik katalase di jaringan ginjal tikus percobaan yang diinduksi hipoksia hipobarik akut secara berulang dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.

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This research determines about specific activity of catalase in preventing hypoxiainduced oxidative stress. Besides, one of the most common hypoxia condition which occurs in aviators is hypobaric hypoxia. Hypobaric chamber training which has been a fundamental component of aviation training could induce acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. Kidney was known as highly-demand organ of oxygen which makes its susceptible to oxidative injury. This research aims to determine changes in specific activity of catalase in rat?s kidney exposed to acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia.

The research design used was experimental design. Twenty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of five animals each. One control group of rats were kept under normobaric oxygen atmosphere. Four experimental group were exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber for some intermittent period of time. Specific activity of catalase was determined using Modified Mates method.

The result shows that all experimental groups are significantly different in comparison with control group. This research concludes that there are significant increases in specific activity of catalase in all experimental groups compared to control group."

"Pendahuluan : Oksigen adalah zat penting yang dibutuhkan oleh sel tubuh untuk dapat bertahan hidup. Saat terjadi hipoksia, otak merupakan organ yang paling rentan terjadinya cidera sel. Kondisi ini membuat ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan yang akan memicu stress oksidatif dan berujung pada kematian sel jika sel tidak mampu beradaptasi. Elektroakupunktur memiliki efektifitas terhadap perbaikan sel dan membantu mitokondria dalam rantai pernafasan. Penelitian ini menilai pengaruh elektroakupunktur terhadap perbaikan sel secara histologi dan kadar antioksidan (SOD) pada otak tikus dengan kondisi hipoksia sistemik.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah uji eksperimental dengan post test design dan kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan hewan coba berjumlah 24 ekor wistar yang dibagi secara acak kedalam kelompok kontrol (n=6), kelompok hipoksia (n=6), kelompok sham (n=6) dan kelompok elektroakupunktur (n=6). Kelompok hipoksia, sham, dan elektroakupunktur mendapat induksi hipoksia dalam hypoxia chamber selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Perlakuan sham dan elektroakupunktur dilakukan pada hari ke 8 selama 7 hari berturut-turut pada titik ST36 dan sehari setelahnya dilakukan penilaian.Hasil : Pada pengukuran histologi tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok elektroakupunktur (p=1.000) dan pada penilaian SOD didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok elektroakupunktur dengan kelompok hipoksia (p=0.015).Kesimpulan : elektroakupunktur dapat berperan dalam perbaikan sel secara histologi dan meningkatkan nilai SOD pada sel otak yang mengalami hipoksia.

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ntroduction : Oxygen is an important substance needed by body cell to survive. When hypoxia occurs, brain is the most susceptible to cell injury. This condition creates an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants that will trigger oxidative stress and lead to cell death if cells are unable to adapt. Electroacupuncture is effective for cell repair and helps mitochondria in the respiratory chain. This study assessed the effect of electroacupuncture on histological cell repair and antioxidant leves (SOD) in systemic hypoxia rat brain.

Methods : This study is an experimental test with a post test design and a control group using 24 wistars which were divided randomly into the control group (n=6), hypoxia group (n=6), sham group (n=6) and electroacupuncture group (n=6). The hypoxia, sham, and electroacupuncture groups received hypoxia induction in the hypoxia chamber for 7 consecutive days. Sham and electroacupuncture group were given on the 8th day for 7 consecutive days at the ST36 point and the day after that the assessment was carried out.

Results: On histological measurement, there was no significant difference between the control group and the electroacupuncture group (p=1.000) and on the SOD assessment, there was a significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the hypoxic group (p=0.015).

Conclusion: electroacupuncture can play a role in histological cell repair and increase SOD values ​​in hypoxic brain cells.

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"This book provides a comprehensive collection for experts in the Neuroscience and Biomedical technology fields, outlining various concepts from cognitive neuroscience and dementia to neural technology and rehabilitation--Provided by publisher."

"Metal ions in the brain are a necessity as well as a poison. The presence of metal ions in the active sites of biological catalysts or metalloproteins and in the biological functioning of nucleic acids is very well documented and they are required for brain activity. On the other hand, metals are very effective in generating oxidative stress. This effect does not only play a role in immunology but also is the root of practically all neurodegenerative disorders by inducing disease via the death of neurons. Managing metal ions in the brain could therefore be an important strategy in the search for therapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new title gives an overview to key topics in the area of metal ions in the brain. It focuses on the role of metal ions in neurological systems by describing their advantageous functions as well as their poisonous features. It is therefore of interest for scientists in biochemistry and biophysics, physiology, toxicology as well as for physicians focused on this topic."

"""Osborn's Brain: Imaging, Pathology, and Anatomy is the much-pleaded-for successor to Anne G. Osborn's 1993 award winning book Diagnostic Neuroradiology (a.k.a. "The Red Book"), which became one of the all-time bestselling neuroradiology texts. In this highly anticipated 1,200-page volume, Anne Osborn applies her special touch to make complex topics visually appealing and easy to understand. It wraps the "must know" aspects of brain imaging together with spectacular pathology examples, relevant anatomy, and the most up-to-date modalities and techniques in brain imaging"