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Hasil Pencarian

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Siti Suhartini
"Perilaku merupakan semua mobilitas satwa yang dipengaruhi oleh asosiasi antara satwa dengan lingkungan. Perilaku pada gajah meliputi perilaku sosial (kelompok), perilaku individu, perilaku asuh, dan sebagainya. Salah satu perilaku gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) yaitu perilaku asuh. Induk gajah dalam mengasuh anaknya bersifat protektif, sehingga selalu mengikuti pergerakan anaknya. Peralihan habitat ke penangkaran menyebabkan ruang gerak terbatas, sehingga konservasi ex-situ harus menjamin kesejahteraannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku asuh induk gajah sumatra serta pengelolaan kesejahteraannya, sehingga gajah dapat berperilaku alami dan anak gajah dapat diasuh dengan baik oleh induknya. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 1 induk gajah (Sinta) dan 1 anak gajah betina (Arinta). Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 9 perilaku asuh induk dengan durasi rata-rata tertinggi yaitu perilaku menyusui 10,46 menit dan terendah yaitu perilaku mengajari 0,63 menit serta perilaku asuh induk dengan persentase tertinggi yaitu perilaku mendekat 31,46% dan terendah yaitu perilaku mandi 0,70%. Kesejahteraan induk dan anak gajah di kebun binatang Gembira Loka, Yogyakarta termasuk kategori sangat baik. Hasil Uji Korelasi Jenjang Spearman (2-tailed) dengan SPSS Statistic 22.0, durasi perilaku menyusui (ρ = 0,013) dan perilaku mengikuti (ρ = 0,036) berkorelasi signifikan terhadap jumlah pengunjung.

Behaviour is all the mobility of animals that are influenced by the association between animals and their environment. Behaviour in elephant includes social behavior (group), individual behavior, maternal care behavior, and several other behavior. One of the behavior of sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is maternal care. The mother elephant in raising her calf will be protective, it will always follow the movement of her calf. The transition of habitat into a captivity causes limited space for movement and then the ex-situ conservation must ensure their welfare. This study to analyze the maternal care behavior of the sumatran elephant and the management to its welfare aspects, so that the elephant can behave naturally and the calf can be properly cared for by its mother. The subjects in this study were 1 mother sumatran elephant (Sinta) and 1 sumatran elephant calf (Arinta). The metods in this study are focal animal sampling and ad-libitum sampling. Based on the result of this study, there 9 maternal care behaviours with the highest duration shown by breastfeeding behavior 10,46 minutes and the lowest shown by teaching behavior 0,63 minutes as well as maternal care behaviours with the highest percentage shown by approaching behavior 31,46% and the lowest shown by bathing behavior 0,70%. The welfare of mother and calf sumatran elephant in the Gembira Loka Zoo, Yogyakarta is very good category. The results of test Spearman Rank Correlation (2-tailed) with SPSS Statistic 22.0, the duration of breastfeeding behavior (ρ = 0,013) and following behavior (ρ = 0,036) were significantly correlated with the number of visitors."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Farrah Nabilla Irfan
"Identifikasi komunitas mikrobiota menjadi salah satu pendekatan penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan kesehatan gajah sumatra dalam konservasi exsitu. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada analisis mikrobiota usus berdasarkan empat sampel feses (anak betina/jantan, induk betina/jantan) menggunakan Nextgeneration Sequencing dan analisis metagenomik. Analisis metagenomik yang mencangkup alpha dan beta diversity memberikan pengetahuan terkait komposisi mikrobiota dari kelimpahan, kemerataan dan perbedaan diantara keempat sampel. Analisis alpha diversity menunjukkan variasi mikrobiota yang signifikan, dengan gajah jantan dewasa memiliki keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan mikrobiota tertinggi, sementara gajah betina dewasa menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang paling rendah. Analisis beta diversity menunjukkan gajah anak jantan memiliki perbedaan signifikan dari kedua gajah dewasa karena perbedaan umur yang signifikan. Komunitas mikrobiota didominasi oleh filum Bacillota (40-70%) dan Bacteroidota (20-40%), dengan Clostridia (~90%) menjadi kelas paling melimpah dalam Bacillota, sementara Sphingobacteriia (~50%) dan Bacteroidia (~50%) kelas dominan dalam Bacteroidota. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya variasi yang signifikan dalam komposisi mikrobiota usus di antara sampel, yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti jenis makanan dan usia. Pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang hubungan ini penting untuk merancang strategi konservasi yang efektif guna meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan gajah sumatra di lingkungan konservasi.

Identification of the microbiota community is an important approach to improve the quality of life and health of Sumatran elephants in ex-situ conservation contexts. This research focuses on analyzing gut microbiota based on four fecal samples (female/male child, female/male adults) using Next-generation Sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Alpha diversity analysis shows significant microbiota variation, with adult males having the highest diversity and abundance, while adult females exhibit lower diversity. Beta diversity analysis indicates moderate differences between female and male juveniles, with male juveniles significantly differing from both adult elephants. The prokaryotic community is dominated by Bacillota (40-70%) and Bacteroidota (20-40%), with Clostridia (~90%) being the most abundant group within Bacillota, and Sphingobacteriia (~50%) and Bacteroidia (~50%) dominant within Bacteroidota. These findings indicate significant variations in gut microbiota composition among samples, likely influenced by factors such as diet and age. Further understanding of these relationships is crucial for designing effective conservation strategies to enhance the health and well-being of Sumatran elephants in conservation environments."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Locke, Piers
"The interconnected lives of humans and elephants have shaped landscapes, determined the destinies of empires, and stimulated new kinds of knowledge, skill, and practice. Their encounters have also produced intimate forms of companionship, as well as conflict over space and resources. In South Asia, where many people live in close proximity to elephants, this interspecies relationship resonates with cultural significance. Such diverse, multifaceted, and frequently problematic relations between two kinds of intelligent social mammals have drawn the attention of multiple types of researchers and research. Interpreting this interspecies encounter, however, remains problematic, often producing disparate understandings that resist coherent integration. This volume seeks to remedy the problem of disciplinary commensurability by facilitating conversation across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Bringing together anthropologists, biologists, ecologists, geographers, historians, political scientists, and Sanskrit language specialists, this volume explores the social, historical, and ecological dimensions of human-elephant conflict and coexistence. It engages with both species as world-making subjects acting in ways that profoundly affect each other. This book not only helps us appreciate that we cannot understand elephant habitat and behaviour in isolation from the humans that help configure it, but also makes us realize that we cannot understand human political, economic, and social life without the elephants that shape and share the world with them. Refusing to study animal ecologies and human histories as exclusive phenomena, this book argues for an integrated approach to understanding and responding to the challenges of human-elephant relations.
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Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016
e20469871
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Siti Nuralifah Indah Salsabila
"Gajah sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus) merupakan hewan yang populasinya dikategorikan sebagai critically endangered. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan populasinya adalah melalui konservasi ex-situ di penangkaran. Pemahaman mengenai mikrobiota saluran pencernaan hewan di penangkaran perlu diketahui agar dapat menjaga kesehatan hewan dan mendorong keberhasilan konservasi hewan tersebut. Bakteri asam laktat merupakan salah satu kelompok mikrobiota saluran pencernaan yang ikut berperan dalam proses pencernaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri asam laktat dari feses gajah sumatra (E. m. sumatranus) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Gajah sumatra yang dipilih adalah dua betina (usia ±37 tahun dan ±10 tahun) dan dua jantan (usia ±37 tahun dan ±5 bulan). Sampel feses diinokulasikan pada medium de Man Rogosa Sharpe Broth (MRSB) dan MRSB dengan bile salt 0,3% sebagai enrichment media, lalu diisolasi pada medium de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) dengan CaCO3 0,3%. Hasil isolasi diperoleh sepuluh isolat bakteri asam laktat yang selanjutnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan morfologi sel, uji biokimia, dan identifikasi bakteri menggunakan gen 16S rRNA. Hasil identifikasi dari sepuluh isolat menunjukkan bahwa enam isolat (BD1 (99,87%), BA1 (99,36%), BA2 (99,20%), JD5 (99,93%), JA1 (99,87%), dan JA2 (99,33%)) merupakan Limosilactobacillus fermentum, dua isolat (JD1 (99,53%) dan JD2 (99,80%)) merupakan Ligilactobacillus agilis, dan dua isolat lainnya (JD3 (100%) dan JD4 (99,67%)) merupakan Lactiplantibacillus pentosus. Tetapi, hasil analisis filogenetik isolat JD3 dan JD4 memiliki nilai bootstrap 100% terhadap kelompok L. plantarum, yang meliputi L. plantarum, L. pentosus, dan L. paraplantarum sehingga kelompok filogenetiknya tidak dapat dibedakan. Studi lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk mengidentifikasi isolat JD3 dan JD4.

The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a critically endangered animal listed as the population has decreased. To increase the population, conservation effort has already been done at ex-situ in the captivity. Understanding gut microbiota of captive animals is necessary to maintain animal health and support the animal conservation. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of microbiotas in the digestive tract that contribute to the digestion process. This study aimed to isolate and identify LAB from Sumatran elephant feces at Ragunan Wildlife Park. The Sumatran elephants selected were two females (aged ±37 years and ±10 years) and two males (aged ±37 years and ±5 months). Feces samples were enriched in de Man Rogosa Sharpe Broth (MRSB) and MRSB with bile salt 0,3% media, then isolated in de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) with CaCO3 0,3% media. Ten selected isolates were characterized based on cell morphology, biochemical test, and bacterial identification using the 16S rRNA gene. The identification results of ten isolates showed that six isolates (BD1 (99,87%), BA1 (99,36%), BA2 (99,20%), JD5 (99,93%), JA1 (99,87%), and JA2 (99,33%)) were Limosilactobacillus fermentum. Two isolates (JD1 (99,53%) and JD2 (99,80%)) were Ligilactobacillus agilis. The others (JD3 (100%) and JD4 (99,67%)) were Lactiplantibacillus pentosus. However, the phylogenetic analysis results of JD3 and JD4 isolates had a bootstrap value of 100% to the L. plantarum group, which includes L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. paraplantarum so their phylogenetic groups could not be distinguished. Further studies are needed to identify JD3 and JD4 isolates."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library