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"Latar Belakang: Fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) sebagai akses hemodialisis terpilih saat ini semakin banyak digunakan, seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA). Pada kondisi FAV terjadi perubahan hemodinamik karena adanya penurunan resistensi dari feeding artery ke draining vein, yang apabila menyebabkan kegagalan kompensasi, dapat terjadi gangguan perfusi. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai perfusi yang baik pada lengan adalah dengan menilai basal digital pressure (BDP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara volume flow pada feeding artery dan draining vein FAV dengan BDP pada pasien PGTA. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode Oktober hingga November 2019 pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan menggunakan akses native fistula lengan atas atau lengan bawah dengan atau tanpa gejala iskemia pada tangan dan mengukur BDP menggunakanphotoplethysmography. Hasil: Total sampel didapatkan sebanyak 62 sampel, dengan karakteristik 40 pria dan 22 wanita. Sebanyak 38 pasien berusia <65 tahun dan 24 pasien berusia ≥65 tahun. Sebanyak 45 dan 25 pasien menderita hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Tidak didapatkan pasien dengan gejala nyeri, defisit neurologis, ataupun gangrene. Dari hasil analisis, tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap BDP, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara diameter dan volume flow anastomosis FAV dan feeding artery terhadap FAV, baik di radiosefalika maupun brakhiosefalika.

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Background: Arteriovenous fistula (FAV) as the chosen hemodialysis access is currently being used for more, along with the increasing number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). In the FAV condition, there is a hemodynamic change due to a decrease in resistance from feeding artery to draining vein, which if it causes compensation failure, impaired perfusion can occur. One indicator to assess good perfusion in the arm is to assess basal digital pressure (BDP).

This study aims to determine the correlation between volume flow in feeding artery and draining vein FAV with BDP in PGTA patients.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at Dr. RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo during the period from October to November 2019 in patients undergoing hemodialysis using native access to the upper or lower arm with or without symptoms of ischemia on the hands and measuring BDP using photoplethysmography.

Results: A total of 62 samples were obtained, with the characteristics of 40 men and 22 women. A total of 38 patients aged <65 years and 24 patients aged ≥65 years. 45 and 25 patients suffer from hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There were no patients with symptoms of pain, neurological deficits, or gangrene. From the analysis results, there was no correlation between the diameter and volume of FAV anastomosis flow and feeding artery to BDP, both in radiosefalica and brakhiosefalika.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between diameter and volume flow of FAV anastomosis and feeding artery to FAV, both in radiocephalica and brachiocephalica."

"Introduction: Steal syndrome is one of the most feared complications in maintaining arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. The incidence of steal syndrome in worldwide is estimated to be 0.5-5%. There are various non-invasive examinations to assess the degree of stealing, one of which is the digital brachial index (DBI). In this study, subjects with brachiocephalic AVF were assessed by the hand ischemic questionnaire (HIQ) to assess the manifestations of steal syndrome complained by the patient, which are the sensation of cold, pain, the decrease in sensation and strength, and cramps. The literature about the correlation of DBI with other assessment is still limited. Method: The subjects of this study were all patients undergoing hemodialysis with upper arm AVF at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the period May – June 2019. Patients will be asked about various symptoms of stealing syndrome, the severity, and also frequency, according to HIQ. The scores were then calculated, followed by scores of DBI measurements using a plethysmograph. The DBI values that considered to be meaningful as stealing syndrome were <0.6. The correlation between the two parameters was then analyzed. Results: From demographic data, characteristics of patients with native AVF by sex were 37 (46.2%) men and 43 (53.8%) women with an average age of 53 years. The minimum value of the HIQ score was 0, and the maximum value was 70, with a median value of 3. The correlation test between the total value of the HIQ questionnaire score and the DBI value found a significant correlation (r = -0.0798, p <0.001). A diagnostic tests was performed between HIQ scores using a cut-off value ≥50 with a DBI value <0.6 as a reference. It was obtained a sensitivity value of 15.3% and a specificity value of 100%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 58.75%. Conclusion: There was a good correlation between HIQ and DBI in patients undergoing hemodialysis using upper arm native AVF. The use of HIQ as a screening tool in native upper arm AVF patients is less recommended, but its use for patients who are suggestive of stealing syndrome has good specificity results."

"Latar belakang dan objektif: Keberhasilan hemodialisis ditentukan oleh kesuksesan akses vaskular, baik dicapai melalui arteriovenous fistula AVF , arteriovenous graft AVG , atau central venous catether CVC . Dari berbagai pilihan akses vaskular lainnya, AVF adalah akses vaskular hemodialisis yang paling disarankan untuk jangka panjang karena memiliki patensi yang lebih panjang dan tingkat komplikasi yang rendah. Meskipun demikian, AVF memiliki tingkat kegagalan maturasi tinggi, dengan angka sekitar 43-63 . Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM , rumah sakit tersier terbesar di Indonesia, tidak memiliki data mengenai tingkat patensi AVF. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat patensi primer AVF di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada seluruh pasien yang menjalani pemasangan AVF di RSCM pada periode Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2013. Hasil: Dari 269 pasien rerata umur 53.1 13.9 , 190 70.6 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula brakiosefalika, 71 26.4 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula radiosefalika, dan 7 2.6 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula jenis lainnya. Tingkat patensi tahun pertama adalah 71.4 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat patensi primer AVF pada pasien end-stage renal disease ESRD memenuhi standar target yang ditentukan oleh pedoman National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative NKF/DOQI . Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diameter vena memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan tingkat patensi primer AVF. Faktor-faktor lainnya tidak berkaitan dengan patensi primer.

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Background and objectives The success of haemodialysis relies on the success of the vascular access, whether achieved with an arteriovenous fistula AVF , an arteriovenous graft AVG , or a central venous catether CVC . Among other access options, arteriovenous fistula is the preferred long term haeemodialysis vascular access due to longer patency and low complication rate. However, AVF maturation failure rates are high, ranging from 43 to 63 . Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, the largest tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia, lacks data on AVF patency rates. This study is aimed to determine the primary patency rates of AVF in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods A single centre retrospective study was performed in all patients who had primary arteriovenous fistulas created at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period between January 2011 and December 2013. Results Of 269 patients mean age 53.1 13.9 , 190 70.6 patients underwent brachiocephalic fistula creation, 71 26.4 patients underwent radiocephalic fistula creation, and 7 2.6 patients underwent other fistula types creation during the two year study period. The first year patency rate was 71.4 . Conclusions In this setting, the rate of AVF creation for end stage renal disease patients meets the standard of the target goals set forward by the National Kidney Foundation published updated Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative NKF DOQI Guidelines. Our study suggested that venous diameter was significantly correlated with primary patency rates of AVF. Other factors were not associated with primary patency. "

"Latar belakang dan objektif: Keberhasilan hemodialisis ditentukan oleh kesuksesan akses vaskular, baik dicapai melalui arteriovenous fistula AVF , arteriovenous graft AVG , atau central venous catether CVC . Dari berbagai pilihan akses vaskular lainnya, AVF adalah akses vaskular hemodialisis yang paling disarankan untuk jangka panjang karena memiliki patensi yang lebih panjang dan tingkat komplikasi yang rendah. Meskipun demikian, AVF memiliki tingkat kegagalan maturasi tinggi, dengan angka sekitar 43-63 . Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM , rumah sakit tersier terbesar di Indonesia, tidak memiliki data mengenai tingkat patensi AVF. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat patensi primer AVF di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dilakukan pada seluruh pasien yang menjalani pemasangan AVF di RSCM pada periode Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2013. Hasil: Dari 269 pasien rerata umur 53.1 13.9 , 190 70.6 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula brakiosefalika, 71 26.4 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula radiosefalika, dan 7 2.6 pasien menjalani pemasangan fistula jenis lainnya. Tingkat patensi tahun pertama adalah 71.4 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat patensi primer AVF pada pasien end-stage renal disease ESRD memenuhi standar target yang ditentukan oleh pedoman National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative NKF/DOQI . Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diameter vena memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan tingkat patensi primer AVF. Faktor-faktor lainnya tidak berkaitan dengan patensi primer.

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Background and objectives The success of haemodialysis relies on the success of the vascular access, whether achieved with an arteriovenous fistula AVF , an arteriovenous graft AVG , or a central venous catether CVC . Among other access options, arteriovenous fistula is the preferred long term haeemodialysis vascular access due to longer patency and low complication rate. However, AVF maturation failure rates are high, ranging from 43 to 63 . Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, the largest tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia, lacks data on AVF patency rates. This study is aimed to determine the primary patency rates of AVF in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods A single centre retrospective study was performed in all patients who had primary arteriovenous fistulas created at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period between January 2011 and December 2013. Results Of 269 patients mean age 53.1 13.9 , 190 70.6 patients underwent brachiocephalic fistula creation, 71 26.4 patients underwent radiocephalic fistula creation, and 7 2.6 patients underwent other fistula types creation during the two year study period. The first year patency rate was 71.4 . Conclusions In this setting, the rate of AVF creation for end stage renal disease patients meets the standard of the target goals set forward by the National Kidney Foundation published updated Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative NKF DOQI Guidelines. Our study suggested that venous diameter was significantly correlated with primary patency rates of AVF. Other factors were not associated with primary patency. "

"Latar Belakang: Saat ini fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) masih merupakan standar baku emas akses vaskular untuk hemodialisis pada pasien PGTA. Tingginya angka diabetes melitus sebagai penyebab ataupun sebagai komorbid pasien PGTA, tingginya angka kegagalan maturasi FAV terutama pada pasien DM, dan dibutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk maturasi pada pasien DM. Tujuan: Menganalisis ulang untuk mendapatkan anjuran batas minimal diameter arteri brakialis dan vena sefalika sebagai prediktor maturasi FAV brakiosefalika pada populasi pasien PGTA dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 pasca pembuatan FAV 6 minggu dan 8 minggu. Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder. Data sekunder yang digunakan merupakan data dari pasien penyakit ginjal tahap akhir dengan komorbid diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menjalani operasi pembuatan fistula arteriovenosa brakiosefalika. Hasil: Dari total 72 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 44 (61,11%) pasien yang mengalami matur pada 6 minggu post operasi dan 47 (65,28%) yang matur pada 8 minggu post operasi. Matur minggu ke 6 memiliki diameter vena sefalika yang bermakna lebih besar daripada yang tidak matur (3,20±0,94 vs 2,65±1,02, p=0,002). Pada minggu ke 8 didapatkan diameter arteri brakialis bermakna lebih besar daripada tidak matur (4,22±0,70 vs 3,78±0,60, p=0,012), dan memiliki diameter vena sefalika bermakna lebih besar daripada tidak matur (3,28±0,98 vs 2,43±0,82, p=0,000). Nilai prediksi dari diameter arteri brakialis pre operasi untuk memprediksi maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika sebesar 68% (IK 95%: 55,1%-80,9%) untuk minggu ke 8. Nilai prediksi dari diameter vena sefalika pre operasi untuk memprediksi maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika sebesar 71,7% (IK 95%: 58,7%-84,7%) untuk minggu ke 6 dan 79,8% (IK 95%: 68,2%-91,3%) untuk minggu ke 8. Kesimpulan: Nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter arteri brakialis pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 8. adalah 3,85 mm (sensitivitas 78,7% dan spesifisitas 60%). Nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter vena sefalika pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 6 adalah 2,45 mm (sensitivitas 79,5% dan spesifisitas 60,7%), dan nilai ambang terbaik untuk diameter vena sefalika pre operasi memprediksi maturasi FAV minggu ke 8. adalah 2,45 mm (sensitivitas 83% dan spesifisitas 72%).

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Background: Currently arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is still the gold standard for vascular access for hemodialysis in ESRD patients. The high rate of diabetes mellitus as a cause or as comorbidity in ESRD patients, the high rate of AVF maturation failure, especially in DM patients, and it takes longer time for maturation in DM patients.

Objective: To reanalyze to obtain recommendations for the minimum diameter of the bracial artery and cephalic vein as a predictor of brachiocephalic AVF maturation in the ESRD patient population with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 6 weeks and 8 weeks of creation AVF.

Method: The design used was a retrospective cohort design using secondary data. The secondary data used are data from patients with ESRD with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent surgery for brachiocephalic AFV.

Results: From a total of 72 patients who met the inclusion and exlusion criteria, there were 44 (61,11%) patients who were mature at 6 weeks of postoperatively 47 (65,28%) who were mature at 8 weeks of postoperatively. The 6th week of maturity had a significantly larger cephalic vein diameter than the immature (3,20±0,94 vs 2,65±1,02, p=0,002). The 8th week of maturity had a significantly larger brachial artery diameter than the immature (4,22±0,70 vs 3,78±0,60, p=0,012), and having a cephalic vein diameter significantly larger than the immature (3,28±0,98 vs 2,43±0,82, p=0,000). The predictive value of preoperative brachial artery diameter to predict brachiocephalic AVF maturation was 68% (95% CI: 55,1%-80,9%) for week 8. The predictive value of preoperative cephalic vein diameter to predict brachiocephalic AVF maturation was 71,7% (95% CI: 58,7%-84,7%) for week 6 and 79,8% (95% CI: 68,2%-91,3%) for week 8.

Conclusion: The best threshold value for preoperative brachial artery diameter predicting AVF maturation 8th week was 3,85 mm (sensitivity 78,7% and specificity 60%). The best threshold value for preoperative cephalic vein diameter predicting AVF maturation 6th week was 2,45 mm (sensitivity 79,5% dan specificity 60,7%), and the best threshold value for preoperative cephalic vein diameter predicting AVF maturation 8th week is 2,45 mm (sensitivity 83% dan specificity 72%)."

"Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) merupakan kelainan struktur atau fungsi ginjal yang mengalami penurunan selama 3 bulan yang mengalami peningkatan prevalensi kasus. Peningkatan prevalensi kejadian PGK juga akan meningkatkan kebutuhan hemodialisis dan penggunaan arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Maturasi dan keberhasilan AVF dipengaruhi oleh faktor pasien dan struktur vaskular. Latihan isometrik dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan diameter vena, arteri, dan peak systolic velocity (PSV). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh latihan isometrik pre operatif terhadap diameter vena cephalica, diameter arteri radialis, PSV, intimal medial thickening (IMT), dan volume flow arteri radialis. Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental pre and post-test study, dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian dilaksanakan follow up pasien selama 8 minggu latihan isometri. Total subjek penelitian sebanyak 38 orang. Usia median subjek penelitian yaitu 56 tahun dengan rentang usia 20 sampai 71 tahun. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara diameter vena (p=0,003), PSV (p=0,032), dan volume flow (p=0,030) subjek penelitian pre dan post latihan isometrik. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara perubahan diameter vena terhadap komorbid diabetes melitus. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perubahan diameter vena, PSV, dan volume flow paska latihan ismoetrik terhadap kelompok usia, komorbid, dan jenis kelamin (p>0,005). Penggunaan latihan isometrik dapat meningkatkan perubahan diameter vena, PSV dan volume flow pada pasien sebelum pembuatan AVF radiocephalica. Tidak terdapat perubahan signifikan diameter vena pasca latihan isometrik pada penderita diabetes melitus.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disorder of kidney structure or function that has decreased over 3 months and has an increased prevalence of cases. The increasing prevalence of CKD will also increase the need for hemodialysis and the use of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVF maturation and success are influenced by patient factors and vascular structure. Isometric exercise is reported to increase the diameter of veins, arteries, and peak systolic velocity (PSV). Objective: Analyzing the effect of preoperative isometric exercise on the diameter of veins, arteries, PSV, intimal medial thickening (IMT), and volume flow. The research design was an experimental pre and post-test study, conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Center National Hospital. The study was conducted to follow up patients for 8 weeks of isometric exercise. The total study subjects were 38 people, with the highest prevalence being men, and comorbid hypertension. The median age of the research subjects was 56 years with an age range of 20 to 71 years. There were significant differences between venous diameter (p=0.003), PSV (p=0.032), and volume flow (p=0.030) in pre and post isometric training subjects. There was significant difference between cephalic vein diameter to diabetes mellitus group. There was no significant difference between changes in radial artery diameter, PSV, IMT, and post-isometric exercise volume flow for the age, comorbid, and sex groups (p>0.005). The use of isometric exercises can increase changes in venous diameter, PSV and volume flow in patients before the making of radiocephalic AVF. There was no significant change in venous diameter after isometric exercise in patient with diabetes mellitus.

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"Latar Belakang: Arteriovenous fistula telah menjadi akses hemodialisis yang direkomendasikan. Namun tidak semua arteriovenous fistula dapat digunakan dengan baik, National kidney disease outcome quality initiative (NKDOQI) telah merekomendasikan pasien pascaoperasi arteriovenous fistula untuk melakukan latihan tangan, saat ini belum adanya evaluasi serta bentuk program latihan ekstremitas atas terhadap pasien gagal ginjal dengan diabetes melitus yang telah menjalani arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimental yang membandingkan data yang memiliki karakteristik sama, subjek yang menjalani arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica pada rentang waktu Februari 2020 – Februari 2021 telah diikutsertakan. Hasil: 23 subjek yang menjalani operasi arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica dilakukan pengamatan, program latihan dapat meningkatkan ukuran diameter draining vein secara bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,006 pada minggu keenam setelah operasi. Dan secara bermakna dapat meningkatkan blood flow rate di minggu keenam setelah menjalani operasi arteriovenous fistula sebesar 210% dengan rerata 616,56 ± 88,80 mL/menit dengan p = 0,002. Selanjutnya dapat menurunkan jarak draining vein dengan kulit pada minggu keempat (p = 0,015), namun hasil menjadi tidak bermakna pada minggu keenam setelah operasi.Kesimpulan: Program latihan isotonik, isometrik dan restriksi parsial ekstermitas atas pascaoperasi dapat meningkatan diameter draining vein, mempengaruhi jarak draining vein dengan kulit, dan meningkatan blood flow rate arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica.

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Background: Arteriovenous fistulas have become the recommended access for hemodialysis. However, not all arteriovenous fistulas can be functional. National kidney disease outcome quality initiative (NKDOQI) has recommended hand exercises for patients following arteriovenous fistula surgery. To date, there has been no evaluation and exercise program for the upper extremity in diabetic patients with kidney failure who have undergone radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery in RSCM.

Methods: This study had a quasi-experimental design, comparing the data which had the same characteristics. Subjects who underwent radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery in February 2020 to February 2021 were included.

Results: Twenty-three subjects who underwent radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery were observed. The exercise program could increase the diameter of the draining veins significantly (p = 0.006) in the 6th week following the surgery. There was also a significant increase in the rate of blood flow as much as 210% with an average of 616.56 ± 88.80 mL/minute (p = 0.002), observed in the 6th week after the operation. Subsequently, there was a decrease in the draining vein-to-skin distance in the 4th week (p = 0.015), however the result was not significant in the 6th week following the surgery.

Conclusion: The upper extremity isotonic, isometric, and partial restriction exercise program following the surgery could increase the diameter of the draining veins, affect the draining vein-to-skin distance, and increase the rate of blood flow in the radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula."

"Latar belakang: Hemodialisis merupakan salah satu tatalaksana penting yang dilakukan pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) stadium 5 atau penyakit ginjal stadium akhir. Komplikasi akses hemodialisis lebih rendah pada penggunaan akses hemodialisis autogen dibandingkan dengan penggunaan akses prostetik. Maturitas fistula arteriovena sangat menentukan keberhasilan suatu akses vaskular untuk hemodialisis. Maturitas fistula arteriovena tergantung dengan persiapan pre operasi pembuatan fistula arteriovena. Penelitian ini diharapkan pemeriksaan peak systolic velocity pada arteri radialis preoperatif dan intraoperatif dapat memprediksi keberhasilan maturasi dari fistula arteriovena radisefalika. Subjek dan Metode: Subjek adalah pasien-pasien yang akan dibuat FAV radiosefalika dengan USG mapping sesuai standar. Sesaat setelah anastomosis diukur peak systolic velocity dengan USG Doppler probe linear. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang analitik untuk mendapatkan hubungan maturasi FAV dengan peak systolic velocity preoperatif dan intraoperatif. Hasil: FAV radiosefalika (n=71) pada 71 pasien dibuat dan dievaluasi dalam 6 minggu. Rerata PSV preoperatif pada fistula yang matur secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang tidak matur (54,6+11,7 cm/s dan 26,7+7,7 cm/s; P<0,001). Rerata PSV intraoperatif pada fistula yang matur secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang tidak matur (57,9+12,6 cm/s dan 27,1+8,1 cm/s; P<0,001). Rerata selisih PSV pada fistula yang matur secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang tidak matur (3 cm/s dan 0 cm/s; P<0,001).  PSV preoperatif dengan nilai cut-off sebesar 40 cm/s memiliki sensitifitas 91,7%; spesifisitas 95,6%; akurasi 92,9%; positve predictive value 97,8%; dan negative predicvtive value 84,6%. PSV intraoperatif dengan nilai cut-off sebesar 42 cm/s memiliki sensitifitas 91,7%; spesifisitas 95,6%; akurasi 92,9%; positve predictive value 97,8%; dan negative predicvtive value 84,6%. Selisih PSV dengan nilai cut-off sebesar 42 cm/s memiliki sensitifitas  91,7%; spesifisitas 95,6%; akurasi 92,9%; positve predictive value 97,8%; dan negative predicvtive value 84,6%. Kesimpulan: PSV preoperatif >40 cm/s dan PSV intraoperatif >42 cm/s memiliki nilai prediktor yang baik untuk maturasi FAV radiosefalika,sehingga dapat menjadi acuan menentukan perlu tidaknya penilaian lebih lanjut dan tindakan revisi saat intraoperatif, yang pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat menurunkan angka kegagalan maturasi fistula arteriovenous.

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Background: Hemodialysis is one of the important treatments in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease. Complications of hemodialysis access are lower in the use of access to autogenous hemodialysis compared to the use of prosthetic access. The maturity of arteriovenous fistula greatly determines the success of a vascular access to hemodialysis. The maturity of arteriovenous fistula depends on the preoperative preparation of arteriovenous fistula making. This study is expected to examine the peak systolic velocity of radial arteries in the preoperative and intraoperative to predict the successful maturation of radiocephalic arteriovene fistulas. Subjects and Methods: Subjects are patients who will be made radiocephalic FAV with ultrasound mapping according to the standard. Shortly after anastomosis, a peak systolic velocity is measured with a linear ultrasound Doppler probe. This study uses a cross-sectional analytic design to obtain the relationship of FAV maturation with preoperative and intraoperative peak systolic velocity. Results: Radiosefalic FAV (n = 71) in 71 patients was made and evaluated in 6 weeks. The mean of preoperative PSV in mature fistulas was significantly higher than those who were immature (54.6 + 11.7 cm / s and 26.7 + 7.7 cm / s; P <0.001). The mean intraoperative PSV in mature fistulas was significantly higher than that which was immature (57.9 + 12.6 cm / s and 27.1 + 8.1 cm / s; P <0.001). The mean difference in PSV in mature fistulas was significantly higher than that of immature (3 cm / s and 0 cm / s; P <0.001). Preoperative PSV with a cut-off value of 40 cm / s has a sensitivity of 91.7%; specificity 95.6%; 92.9% accuracy; positve predictive value 97.8%; and negative predictive value of 84.6%. The intraoperative PSV with a cut-off value of 42 cm / s has a sensitivity of 91.7%; specificity 95.6%; 92.9% accuracy; positve predictive value 97.8%; and negative predictive value of 84.6%. The difference in PSV with a cut-off value of 42 cm / s has a sensitivity of 91.7%; specificity 95.6%; 92.9% accuracy; positve predictive value 97.8%; and negative predictive value of 84.6%. Conclusions: Preoperative PSV> 40 cm / s and intraoperative PSV> 42 cm / s have a good predictor value for radiocephalic FAV maturation, so that it can be a reference in determining whether or not further assessment and revision actions are intraoperative, which is ultimately expected to reduce the number failure of maturation of arteriovenous fistulas.

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Latar belakang: Hemodialisis merupakan salah satu tatalaksana penting yang dilakukan pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) stadium 5 atau penyakit ginjal stadium akhir. Komplikasi akses hemodialisis lebih rendah pada penggunaan akses hemodialisis autogen dibandingkan dengan penggunaan akses prostetik. Maturitas fistula arteriovena sangat menentukan keberhasilan suatu akses vaskular untuk hemodialisis. Pemeriksaan  Volume flow pada draining vein yang sesuai dengan kriteria K/DOQI dapat menentukan maturitas suatu akses fistula arteriovena (FAV) . Pada penelitian ini diharapkan volume flow pada arteri brachialis dapat mewakili volume flow pada draining vein dalam menentukan maturitas suatu FAV. Subjek dan Metode : subjek adalah pasien pasien dengan PGK stadium 5,  sudah menjalani pembuatan FAV brachiosefalika usia 6 minggu dan sudah menjalani hemodialisa. Pada pasien diukur volume flow arteri brachialis dan draining vein dengan usg Doppler probe linier. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang  untuk mendapatkan hubungan volume flow arteri brachialis dengan maturitas FAV brachiosefalika. Hasil : FAV brachiosefalika (n=80) usia 6 minggu dievaluasi. Pada FAV brachiosefalika matur, didapatkan rerata volume flow arteri brachialis (1901±1030) sedangakan yang tidak matur didapatkan rerata volume flow arteri brachialis (563±152). Sedangkan rerata volume flow draining vein pada FAV brachiosefalika matur (2707±1717) lebih tinggi dari tidak matur (500±73). Pada arteri brachialis didapatkan cut-off sebesar 700 ml/mnt dengan sensitifitas 98,44 %, spesifisitas 87,5 %, positive predictive value 96,92 %, negative predictive value 93,33 % dan akurasi 96,25 %. Kesimpulan : volume flow arteri brachialis > 700 ml/mnt, memiliki nilai predictor yang baik untuk menilai maturasi FAV brachiosefalika, sehingga didapatkan nilai yang lebih akurat dan cepat dalam menilai maturasi suatu FAV.

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Background: Hemodialysis is one of the important treatments in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease. Complications of hemodialysis access are lower in the use of access to autogenous hemodialysis compared to the use of prosthetic access. The maturity of arteriovenous fistula greatly determines the success of a vascular access to hemodialysis. The maturity of arteriovenous fistula depends on the preoperative preparation of arteriovenous fistula making. Examination of volume flow in draining veins that are in accordance with K / DOQI criteria can determine the maturity of an arteriovene fistula access (FAV). In this study it is expected that the volume flow in the brachial artery can represent volume flow in the draining vein in determining the maturity of an FAV. Subjects and Methods: Subjects were patients with stage 5 CKD, who had  brachiosefalic FAV 6 weeks of age and had hemodialysis. The patient measured brachial artery flow volume and draining vein with linear ultrasound Doppler probes. This study used a cross-sectional design to obtain a relationship between the volume flow of the brachial artery and the brachiosefalic FAV maturity. Result : Brachiocephalic FAV (n = 80) 6 weeks of age were evaluated. In the mature brachiosefalic FAV, the mean volume flow of brachial artery was (1901 ± 1030) while the non-mature FAV, the volume flow was (563 ± 152). While the mean volume flow of draining vein in mature brachiocephalic FAV (2707 ± 1717) is higher than immature (500 ± 73). The brachial artery obtained a cut-off of 700 ml / min with sensitivity of 98.44%, specificity of 87.5%, positive predictive value of 96.92%, negative predictive value of 93.33% and accuracy of 96.25%. Conclusion: Brachial artery flow volume> 700 ml / min, has a good predictor value for assessing brachiosefalic FAV maturation, so that a more accurate and faster value is obtained in assessing the maturation of a FAV.

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"Latar Belakang : Hemodialisis merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia. Fistula Arteriovenosa (FAV) merupakan pilihan akses vaskular terbaik bagi penderita Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir (PGTA) yang menjalani hemodialisis. Akan tetapi, kegagalan maturasi FAV masihrelatif tinggi akibat gangguan dari înflow dan/atau outflow. Pengukuran peningkatan Blood Flow Rate (BFR) dan Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) intraoperasi pada arteri brakialis diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi masalah inflow sekaligus outflow sebagai penyebab kegagalan maturasi FAV.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi serta nilai batasannya yang dapat dijadikan prediktor maturasi FAV Brakiosefalika.Subjek dan Metode : PGTA yang menjalani operasi FAV brakiosefalika di lima Rumah Sakit (RSCM, RSUP Fatmawati, RSUD Kab. Tangerang, RS Hermina Depok dan RS Hermina Bekasi) pada periode Juli 2019 – Februari 2022. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya Data yang diteliti meliputi: usia, jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, merokok, diabetes melitus, dan hasil pengukuran USG doppler berupa diameter arteri brakialis dan vena sefalika preoperasi serta peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi, kemudian data subjek dengan FAV brakiosefalika yang mengalami maturasi dalam 6 minggu sesuai kriteria rule of 6 dari NKF-KDOQI. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa statistik adanya korelasi peningkatan BFR dan PSV arteri brakialis intraoperasi terhadap maturitas FAV brakiosefalika serta ditetapkannya nilai batasan sebagai prediktor maturasi. dengan memakai uji diagnostik grafik Receiver Operator Curve (ROC). Hasil : Dari total 83 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 50 (60,24%) subjek yang mengalami maturasi dalam 6 minggu pascaoperasi. Dengan menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik, peningkatan BFR arteri brakialis intraoperasi (p<0,001) merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan maturasi FAV brakiosefalika setelah 6 minggu pascaoperasi dengan nilai batasan 184,58 ml/menit, sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 84,8%, Nilai Duga Positif 90,9%, Nilai Duga Negatif 100%, Akurasi 93,98%Kesimpulan : Peningkatan BFR arteri brakialis intraoperasi dapat dipakai sebagai prediktor maturasi FAV brakiosefalika 6 minggu pascaoperasi

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Background : Hemodialysis is the most widely used renal replacement therapy in the world. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best vascular access option for patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis. However, the AVF maturation failure rate is still high due to inflow and/or outflow problem. Measurement of intraoperative increase in Blood Flow Rate (BFR) and Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) in the brachial artery is expected to identify inflow and outflow problems as the cause of AVF maturation failure.

Objective: To determine the relationship between intraoperative increase in BFR and PSV of the brachial artery and the cut off point that can be used as a predictor of Brachiocephalic AVF maturation.

Subjects and Methods : ESKD who underwent AVF brachiocephalic surgery in five hospitals (RSCM, Fatmawati Hospital, Tangerang Hospital, Hermina Hospital Depok and Hermina Hospital Bekasi) in the period July 2019 – February 2022. The retrospective cohort study design used secondary data from the study previously. The data studied included: age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and the results of Doppler ultrasound measurements of preoperative brachial artery and cephalic vein diameters and an increase in intraoperative BFR and PSV brachial artery, then data on subjects with maturation of brachiocephalic AVF within 6 weeks according to the rule of 6 criteria of the NKF-KDOQI. Furthermore, statistical analysis was carried out on the correlation between increased intraoperative brachial artery BFR and PSV on brachiocephalic FAV maturity and the determination of cut off value as a predictor of maturation using the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) graphic diagnostic test.

Results: From a total of 83 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 50 (60.24%) subjects who matured within 6 weeks postoperatively. Using multivariate analysis with logistic regression, the increase in intraoperative brachial artery BFR (p<0.001) was the most associated factor of brachiocephalic FAV maturation after 6 weeks postoperatively with a cut off value of 184.58 ml/min, sensitivity 100%, specificity 84.8%, Positive Predictive Value 90.9%, Negative Predictive Value 100%, Accuracy 93.98%

Conclusion: Increased intraoperative brachial artery BFR can be used as a predictor of brachiocephalic FAV maturation 6 weeks postoperatively."