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"Jumlah pasien COVID-19 terus bertambah. Di sisi lain, penularan virus melalui udara (airborne) merupakan masalah yang serius. Virus menular langsung melalui batuk dan nafas dari orang yang terinfeksi ke orang lain. Virus juga tetap berada di permukaan dan hidup selama berjam-jam bahkan berhari-hari; dapat menyen penyebaran secara tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengontrol aliran udara di ruang isolasi pasien COVID-19 menggunakan air purifier fotokatalis dengan tujuan mencegah penularan virus dari pasien ke tenaga medis, serta mengevaluasi kinerja air purifier di ruang isolasi pasien rumah sakit, sistem pola aliran udara ruangan dan mengevaluasi pengaruh laju aliran udara suplai dan temperatur udara suplai pada tubuh pola aliran udara, dan menentukan kombinasi optimal laju aliran udara dan temperatur udara suplai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan simulasi dan eksperimen di ruang pasien rumah sakit. Penelitian ini akan menghasilkan satu artikel yang dimuat di jurnal internasional. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan menghasilkan prototipe alat pembersih udara di ruang isolasi pasien.

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The number of COVID-19 patients continues to grow. In other hand, the virus transmission through the air (airborne) is a serious problem. The viruses transmit directly through the coughing and breath from an infected person to others. Viruses also remain on surfaces and live for hours and even days; may cause to spread indirectly. This study aims to control air flow in the isolation room of COVID-19 patients with the aim of preventing transmission of the virus from patients to medical personnel, as well as to evaluate the performance of the photocatalyst air purifier in the hospital patient isolation, room air flow pattern system and evaluate the effect of supply air flow rate and supply air temperature on airflow pattern’s body, and determining the optimal combination of airflow rate and supply air temperature. This research was conducted by simulation and experiment in the hospital patient room. This research will result in one article published in an international journal. In addition, this research will also produce a prototype of an air purifier in the patient isolation room."

"Infeksi jamur infasif atau mikosis infasif pada pasien dengan kondisi sistem imunitas rendah mengakibatkan sejumlah besar morbiditas dan mortalitas. Infeksi tersebut dapat terjadi di lingkungan rumah sakit, komunitas, maupun keduanya. Sejumlah spesies jamur dapat terkonsentrasi pada lingkungan udara rumah sakit, dan dianggap sebagai agen infeksi yang mudah terhirup oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur udara pada ruang rawat beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta serta kaitannya dengan kelas perawatan. Metode penelitian berdisain potong lintang ini menggunakan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif dari beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Cawan petri yang mengandung media agar saboraud dekstrosa diletakkan di dalam ruangan rawat RS dan dibiarkan terbuka selama 15 menit, setelah itu dilakukan inkubasi dalam suhu kamar selama minimal tiga hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses identifikasi spesies untuk mengetahui profil jamur.Hasil dalam penelitian ini, jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit pada umumnya terdiri atas lebih dari dua spesies, diantaranya: Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida sp. (40%), Aspergillus fumigatus (30%), Rhodoturula sp. dan Penicillium marnefei dalam jumlah sedikit. Pengamatan terhadap hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh.Simpulan. Profil jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. Hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh.

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Introduction. Invasive fungal infections (invasive mycoses) in immunodeficient patients yields in more than significant number of morbidity and mortality. Such infections occur on both hospital and community settings. Several fungal species might be concentrated in the air among hospitals, and considered as infectious agent that is easily inhaled by patients. This study aims on investigating the profile of airborne fungal species in several inpatient wards chosen from several hospitals in Jakarta and the correlation between those species and the class of the wards itself. Methods this is a cross-sectional study using consecutive samplings taken from several chosen Jakarta hospitals. Petri dish containing dextrose saboraud agar are placed about 1m height above the ground and exposed to open air for 15 minutes. Afterwards, the plates are incubated at room temperature for minimum of three days. Then, samples were analyzed inside the mycology lab for species identification to investigate presenting fungal profile.

Results in this study, common species that are isolated from the respective wards consists of at least two species, including Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida species (40%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (30%). Other infectious species such as Rhodotorula sp and Penicillium marnefei are found as well in few numbers. Observation on the relation of fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicates that the higher the ward class, the less number and diversity of species growing inside the plates.

Conclusion, fungal profile that are isolated from the hospital inpatient wards in this study consists of Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. The correlation between the fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicated that the higher the class of hospital wards, the less number and diversity of airborne fungi growing on the plates."

"Prevalensi infeksi jamur sistemik (mikosis sistemik) dilaporkan semakin meningkat serta mengakibatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi, terutama pada pasien dengan gangguan sistem imun. Mikosis sistemik dapat disebabkan oleh jamur yang berada di lingkungan masyarakat maupun rumah sakit, termasuk ruang perawatan intensif (ICU). Pada umumnya jamur kontaminan tersebut masuk ke dalam tubuh pasien melalui saluran napas (inhalasi) maupun kontaminasi peralatan di lingkungan perawatan pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur yang diisolasi dari udara pada ruang perawatan intensif di beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian multisenter tentang aspergilosis invasif di ICU beberapa RS di Jakarta. Metode penelitian ini berdisain potong lintang dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara konsekutif pada ruang rawat intensif di empat RS. Sampel jamur diisolasi menggunakan cawan petri mengandung media agar saboraud dekstrosa yang dibiarkan terbuka selama 15 menit di ruang perawatan, selanjutnya dilakukan proses inkubasi dan identifikasi jamur di laboratorium mikologi untuk mengetahui profil jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan tersebut. Jamur yang berhasil diisolasi dari ruang perawatan intensif pada penelitian ini umumnya terdiri atas beberapa spesies, yaitu Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), dan Candida sp. (3%). Profil spesies jamur A. niger, A. fumigatus dan Dematiaceae ditemukan di empat rumah sakit, sedangkan Rhodotorulla dan Mycelia sterilia di temukan di tiga rumah sakit. Adapun Penicillium sp. dan Candida sp. hanya ditemukan di satu rumah sakit.Kesimpulannya, profil spesies jamur udara di ruang perawatan intensif pada penelitian ini terdiri atas Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), dan Candida sp. (3%).

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The prevalence of systemic fungal infection (systemic mycosis) is increasing, and cause high number of mortality and morbidity, especially for immunocopromised patients. Systemic mycosis can be cause by fungal species found in either community or hospital environment, including intensive care unit (ICU). Generally, this fungal contaminants infect the patient's body through the respiratory tract (inhalation) as well as contamination of equipment in patient's environment.

This study aims to find out the profile of airborne fungal species that isolated from the air in intensive care unit at several hospitals in Jakarta. This study is part of a multicenter study on invasive aspergillosis in ICU at several hospitals in Jakarta. The cross-sectional study was conducted with consecutive samplings taken from ICU in four hospitals. The sample taken using petri dish containing dextrose saboraud agar that placed about 1m height and open to air for 15 minutes. Then, the process of incubation and fungal identification done in mycology laboratory to know the profile of airborne fungal species isolated from ICU. The fungal species that were isolated from the intensive care unit were consist of several species, which were Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), and Candida sp. (3%). The fungal species profile of A.niger, A.fumigatus and Dematiaceae were found in all four hospitals, while Rhodotorulla and Mycelia sterilia were found in three hospitals and Penicillium sp. and Candida sp. were only found in one hospital.

In conclusion, the profile of airborne fungal species in intensive care unit in this study consisted of Aspergillus niger (42%), Aspergillus fumigatus (33%), Penicillium sp. (30%), Rhodotorulla (27%), Dematiaceae (24%), Mycelia sterilia (12%), and Candida sp. (3%)."

"Ground moving radar target classification is one of the recent research issues that has arisen in an airborne ground moving target indicator (GMTI) scenario. This work presents a novel technique for classifying individual targets depending on their radar cross section (RCS) values. The RCS feature is evaluated using the Chebyshev polynomial. The radar captured target usually provides an imbalanced solution for classes that have lower numbers of pixels and that have similar characteristics. In this classification technique, the Chebyshev polynomial’s features have overcome the problem of confusion between target classes with similar characteristics. The Chebyshev polynomial highlights the RCS feature and is able to suppress the jammer signal. Classification has been performed by using the probability neural network (PNN) model. Finally, the classifier with the Chebyshev polynomial feature has been tested with an unknown RCS value. The proposed classification method can be used for classifying targets in a GMTI system under the warfield condition."

"Airborne Disease merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh agen mikroba patogen yang ditularkan melalui udara dengan cara batuk, bersin, tertawa atau melalui kontak fisik dengan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pengetahuan perawat tentang manajemen airborne disease di ruang Isolasi RSUP Fatmawati. Penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectonal dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 107 orang perawat yang ditentukan berdasarkan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan data bahwa lebih dari separuhnya 52,3 perawat memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah. Sedangkan sisanya sebanyak 47,7 memiliki pengetahuan tinggi. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat melakukan analisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan karakteristik responden.

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Airborne Disease is a disease caused by airborne pathogenic microbial agents by coughing, sneezing, laughing or by physical contact with the patient. This study aims to provide a description of nurses knowledge about the management of airborne disease in Isolation Room of Fatmawati Hospital. Descriptive research using cross sectonal approach with total sample of 107 nurses determined based on simple random sampling. The results showed that more than half 52.3 of the nurses had low knowledge. While the rest as much as 47.7 have a high knowledge. Further research can analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge with the characteristics of respondents."

"ABSTRAKJumlah infeksi nosokomial yang terjadi di negara maju dengan teknologi yang baik masih sangat banyak. Hal ini menggambarkan sulitnya mengontrol pergerakan partikel di udara. Oleh karena itu, sistem tata udara di rumah sakit harus dapat melindungi dan memberikan kenyamanan untuk orang yang berada di dalam rumah sakit. Ruang isolasi tekanan negatif adalah ruang dimana partikel penular penyakit dengan jumlah banyak berada. Oleh karena itu, sistem tata udara harus mencegah keluarnya partikel ini dari ruangan. Analisa yang dilakukan untuk melihat kinerja ruangan adalah dengan melakukan simulasi di software FloVent 8.2. Pada hasil perhitungan dan simulasi, terlihat bahwa kebutuhan ACH yang tidak cukup, nilai PMV dan PPD, yang melebihi standar dan pola aliran udara yang masih turbulen.

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ABSTRACTMany nosocomial incfections in developed country with better technologies happened. This fact describes the difficult of controlling particle in the air. Hence, ventilation system in hospital must have the capability to protects and provides thermal comfort for people in the hospital. Airborne Infection Isolation room is a room in which many airbornes occured. Therefore, ventilation system has to prevents these airbornes escaping the room. Analytical method to measure the room performance is doing simulation with software FloVent 8.2. Based on calculation and simulation, ACH needs is not enough, PMV and PPD not in the standard range, and turbulent airflow "