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"Latar belakang. Kognitif merupakan proses berpikir akibat aktivitas sejumlah fungsi kompleks dari berbagai sirkuit di otak. Adanya gangguan kognitif menunjukkan terjadinya gangguan fungsi otak. MCI ( Mild Cognitive Impairment ) merupakan gangguan kognitif ringan yang sudah terjadi pada kelompok lanjut usia nondemensia. Berbagai studi menunjukkan gambaran dan prevalensi MCI pada lanjut usia nondemensia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran fungsi kognitif dan prevalensi MCI pada kelompok lanjut usia nondemensia .Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan cara potong lintang dengan populasi semua lanjut usia nondemensia di Puskesmas Tebet dan Pasar Minggu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Semua subyek dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik umum dan neurologis , Dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dengan menggunakan CERAD dan Trail Making Test - B. Diagnosis MCI menggunakan kriteria dari Petersen RC. Data diolah dengan menggunakan tes chi-square, Fisher's Exact dan memakai program SPSS versi 12Hasil. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 300 lanjut usia (> 60 tahun) nondemensia, rentang usia antara 60-76 tahun (rerata 63,5 ± 4,1 tahun) dengan kelompok usia terbesar 60 - 65 tahun (75,0%) , terdiri dari 177 (59%) wanita dan 123 (41%) pria. Sebanyak 269 subyek (89,6%) memenuhi kriteria MCI. Subkelas MCIa 22 kasus (7,3%), MClsdnm 81 kasus (27%) dan MCImd 166 kasus (55,3%). Gangguan kognitif terbanyak pada MCIa adalah Memori Rekognisi (81,8%) , pada MClsdnm adalah Fungsi Eksekutif (100%) dan pada MCImd adalah Fungsi Eksekutif (89,1%) beserta Memori Rekognisi (64,5%). Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara MCIa dengan DM ( p = 0,038 ; OR 0,10 ; IK 95% 0,01;0,88 ) dan MCImd dengan pendidikan rendah ( SD dan SLP) (p = 0,000 ; OR 5,32 ; IK95% 2,12;13,31 ) dan DM (p = 0,008 ; OR 0,26 ; IK95% 0,10;0,70 ).Kesimpulan. Prevalensi MCI pada lanjut usia nondemensia ( > 60 tahun ) ditemukan sebesar 89,6% .Rana kognitif yang paling banyak terganggu adalah Memori Rekognisi dan Fungsi Eksekutif . Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah pendidikan rendah dan DM

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Background. Cognitive function is the process of several complex functions of various circuits in the brain. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transition state between normal and probable dementia. The aim of this study was to describe the cognitive impairment profile and the prevalence of MCI in non demented elder

Methods. This was an analytical cross sectional study which included all non demented elder patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Medical history, physical and neurology examination were performed.. The patient's cognitive function was examined using neurophsycology test of CERAD and Trail Making Test-B. Diagnostic criteria of mild cognitive impairment were confirmed by using criteria from Petersen RC (< 1.5 SD below normative value ). The data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher' exact and using SPSS for Windows ver. 12.

Result. There were found 300 non demented elder ( age > 60 years old ), 177 (59%) subjects were female and 123 (41%) were male , range of age was 60-76 years old (mean 63,5 ± 4,1 years old ) with largest age group were 60-65 years old ( 75,0%). There were 269 (89,6%) subjects fulfilled the MCI criteria with MCIa 22 (7,3%) , MClsdnm 81 (27%) and MCImd 166 (55,3%) . The most affected cognitive domain in MCIa was Recognition Memory ( 81,8%) in MClsdnm was Executive Function (100%) and in MCImd were Recognition Memory (64,5%) together with Executive Function (89,1%) . In addition, a significant correlation was found between the MCIa and DM ( p=0.038;OR 0,10; CI95% 0,01;0,88) and between MCImd with poor education (p=0.000;OR 5,32; C195% 2,12;13,31) and DM (p=0.008;OR 0,26; CI95% 0,10;0,70.

Conclusion. Prevalence of MCI in non demented elder (> 60 years old ) 89,6% . The most affective cognitive domains were Recognition and Executive Function . The most risk factors were poor education and DM"

"Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh tingginya angka morbiditas akibat perilaku yang tidak mendukung kesehalan pada anak usia sekolah yang tinggal dengan keluarga. Keluarga memegang peran penting dalam menerapkan disiplin pada anak. Tujuannya mengetahui hubungan faktor individu dan pola asuh keluarga dengan PHBS pada anak usia sekolah dasar di Dua SD Kelurahan Kukusan Kecamatan Beji Depok Jawa Barat.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif Korelasi dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampel, yang berjurnlah 348 responden. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia sekolah dasar kelas IV dan V serta keluarga yang diwakili oleh ibu atau ayah (jika ibu telah meninggal). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square. Hubungan bermakna ditemukan pada faktor individu yang terdiri dari persepsi kerentanan (p = 0,006), persepsi keseriusan (p=0,005), persepsi manfaat (p = 0,020), dan persepsi hambatan (p = 0,001) dengan PHBS. Selain itu, hubungan bermakna juga ditemukan pada pola asuh keluarga yang terdiri dari pola asuh permisif (p = 0,004), pola asuh demokralis (p = 0,018), dan pola asuh diktator (p = 0,012) dengan PHBS. Dari Uji Regresi Logistik Ganda ditemukan hubungan yang paling dominan yaitu persepsi kerentanan (p = 0,003).Dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak usia sekolah dasar yang merasakan persepsi kerentanan berpeluang mendukung PUBS 2,7 kali dibandingkan dengan anak usia sekolah dasar yang tidak merasakan persepsi kerentanan setelah dikontroi oleh variabel pola asuh permisif. Anak usia sekolah dasar membutuhkan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak terutama keluarga dalam melaksanakan PHBS. Sosialisasi PHBS dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara diantaranya membentuk peer group, diskusi kelompok, dan menyediakan sarana kebersihan diri sesuai kebutuhan anak.

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This research is background overshadow by height of morbidity to effect behavior which do not support the health of school age child which was shack up with the family. Family play important part in applying discipline of child. This research aim to known the individual factors relation and pattern parenting of the family by PUBS at elementary school age child in Chief of Village of Kukusan Subdistrict of 13eji Depok West Java year 2006.

Desain research used Descriptive of Correlation with the approach of Cross Sectional. The sample used total with 348 responder. Sample in this research was school age child of grade IV and V and also family deputized by mother or father (if mother have died). Statistic test used by Chi Square. Relation having a meaning found of individual factors consisted of the susceptance perception ( p = 0,006), serious perception ( p = 0,005), benefit perception ( p = 0,020), and resistance perception ( p = 0,001) with PI-IBS. Others, relation have a meaning also found at pattern parenting of the family consisted of the pattern parenting of the permisif ( p = 0,004), pattern parenting of democratic ( p = 0,018), and pattern parenting of the dictator ( p = 0,012) with PUBS. Double Regression Logistics Test found most dominant relation of susceptance perception ( p = 0,003), benefit perception ( p value = 0,113) and pattern parenting of the permisif ( p = 0,004).

That school age child feeling perception of susceptance have opportunity to support the PHBS 2,7 times compared to a school age child which did not feel the susceptance perception after controlled by pattern parenting of the permisif variable. School age child require the tuition from various party especially family in executing PHRS. Socialization PHBS can be conducted variously among other things form the peer group, group discussion, and provide the medium of hygiene of self child version."

"Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk usia lanjut Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan makin meningkatnya masalah sosial dan penyakit, balk penyakit fisik maupun mental yang berhubungan dengan usia lanjut. Salah satu gangguan mental yang sering dikeluhkan oleh usia lanjut adalah kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi pada usia lanjut di Indonesia. Data yang dipakai pads penelitian ini adalah data Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional yang terintegrasi dengan Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga Tabun 2004.Dan basil diketahui bahwa prevalensi kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi di Indonesia adalah sebesar 12,5%. Diketahui bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesulitan mengingat dan konsentrasi adalah umur, kesulitan merawat din sendiri, tingkat keparahan perasaan sedih, rendah did dan tertekan, kesulitan melaksanakan aktivitas sosial, pendidikan, status perkawinan serta kebiasaan mengkonsurnsi buah clan sayur.

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Elderly population increases from year to year in Indonesia, and has caused many social problems in elderly, physical diseases and also mental diseases. One of the mental diseases in elderly is Subjective complaints of memory and concentration_ The goal of this research is to uncover the factors correlate with Subjective Complaints of Memory and Concentration in Indonesian elder people using a quantitative research with cross sectional design. Data resources in this research is a data of National Social Economic Survey integrated with Family Health Survey, year 2004.The result shown that prevalence of subjective complaints of memory and concentration is 12,5 %, known that factors correlate with subjective complaint of memory and concentration is age, disability in activity daily living, low self esteem and depression, disability in social activity, education, marital status, and behavior in consume fruits and vegetables."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan minum susu siswa kelas III A, III B dan IV di SDN Pondok Cina 1 Depok tahun 2009 dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor dari Teori Green. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain crossectional. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu dari faktor predisposisi (pengetahuan dan persepsi), hanya persepsi yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kebiasaan minum susu siswa. Dari faktor pemungkin/ enabling (Sarana-prasarana dan pekerjaan orang tua) menemukan bahwa tidak ada satupun faktor yang berhubungan secara bermak dengan kebiasaan minum susu siswa. Dari faktor penguat/reinforcing (anjuran), didapatkan faktor anjuran berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kebiasaan minum susu siswa SDN Pondok Cina 1, Depok tahun 2009."

"Masa lanjut usia (lansia) merupakan tahap terakhir dari tahapan perkembangan manusia yang sering diidentikan dengan masa penurunan dan ketidakberdayaan. Seiring menurunnya kemampuan fisik, lansia membutuhkan bantuan dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari. Living arrangements pengaturan mengenai dimana dan dengan siapa seseorang tinggal ? adalah salah satu perubahan yang dialami lansia berkaitan dengan aspek psikososial (Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2004). Penelitian Silverstein, Cong, dan Li (2006) mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh antara living arrangements dan psychological well-being. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran psychological well-being lansia yang tinggal bersama keluarga di rumah sendiri, lansia yang tinggal di rumah anak, dan lansia yang tinggal di panti werdha. Selanjutnya ingin diketahui apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan diantara ketiganya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara psychological well-being ketiga kelompok lansia.

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Old age is the last phase of human development which often seen as a period of degradation. Since the physical abilities are getting weak, elderly require aid in their everyday life. Living arrangements ? the arrangements of where and with whom someone liveis one of change experienced by elderly related to psychosocial aspect ( Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2004). Research by Silverstein, Cong, and Li (2006) indicated existence of influence between living arrangements and psychological well-being. By this research, the researchers are willing to find descriptions of psychological well-being of elderly who live in institution, adult children?s house, and own house. Besides, the researchers want to know whether there are difference which significant among the third groups. Result of the research found that there are significant differences among psychological well-being of the third groups of elderly."

"Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang harus diperhatikan karena merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler dan prevalensinya semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi dan hubungan antara faktor risiko hipertensi dengan hipertensi pada penduduk usia produktif di Jakarta Timur pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 314 orang berumur 15-64 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi di Jakarta Timur berdasarkan data Posbindu Jakarta Timur adalah sebesar 47,1%. Faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan hipertensi adalah usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi keluarga, dan obesitas.

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Hypertension is a public health problem that must be considered because it is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its prevalence is increasing year by year. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the relationship between risk factors for hypertension and hypertension in the productive age population in East Jakarta in 2017. The study used a cross sectional study design with a total sample of 314 people aged 15-64 years. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of hypertension in East Jakarta based on East Jakarta Posbindu data is 47.1%. Risk factors that have a significant relationship with hypertension are age, sex, family history of hypertension, and obesity."

"Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi seiring bertambahnya usia. Berdasarkan hasil Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI (InfoDATIN 2015) mengenai penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia, tertera bahwa proporsi penderita osteoporosis berusia lebih dari 50 tahun pada wanita mencapai 32,3% dan 28,8% pada pria. Usia lanjut sangat jelas dapat dijadikan sebagai faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya osteoporosis. Didukung pula dengan minimnya pola hidup sehat baik itu olahraga maupun asupan nutrisi tulang dari konsumsi susu masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini memicu terjadinya porositas bahkan hingga fraktur dini terhadap tulang yang dapat dicegah salah satunya melalui metode deteksi dini Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI).Tujuan: Memperoleh data rerata rasio ketebalan tulang kortikal pada subjek wanita usia 31-75 tahun secara radiografis pada panoramik berdasarkan metode PMI.Metode: Pengukuran PMI menggunakan sampel radiograf panoramik wanita sebanyak 225. Dibagi menjadi tiga kategori dengan interval 15 tahun, yaitu kategori 1 dengan rentang usia 31-45 tahun, kategori 2 yaitu 46-60 tahun, dan kategori 3 yaitu 61-75 tahun. PMI diukur berdasarkan rasio ketebalan kortikal mandibula terhadap jarak antara margin superior atau inferior foramen mental dan margin inferior dari korteks mandibula. Hasil: Diperoleh rerata dan standar deviasi pada kategori 1 sebesar 0,30±0,032, kategori 2 sebesar 0,28±0,042, dan kategori 3 sebesar 0,24±0,063. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Uji ANOVA, didapatkan perbedaan signifikan antar kategori (p<0,05). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil pengukuran yang didapatkan, secara statistik pengukuran PMI menunjukkan penurunan seiring dengan pertambahan usia dalam interval usia 15 tahun.Kesimpulan: Nilai PMI menurun seiring dengan pertambahan usia dan secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna diantara kategori usia.

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Background: Prevalence of osteoporosis in Indonesia is quite high with age. Based on the results of Information from Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (InfoDATIN 2015) regarding the conditions of osteoporosis in Indonesia, it was stated that the proportion of osteoporosis patients aged more than 50 years in women reached 32.3% and 28.8% in men. Old age can clearly be used as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Also supported by the lack of a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercise and bone nutrition intake from milk consumption of Indonesian people. This certainly will trigger the occurrence of porosity even to the early fracture of bone, which one of them can be prevented through the early detection method of the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI).

Objective: To obtain data on mean cortical bone thickness ratio in female subjects aged 31-75 years radiographically on panoramic based on the PMI method.

Method: A total of 225 female panoramic radiograph samples were selected and divided into three categories with 15-year intervals, namely category 1 with an age range of 31-45 years, category 2 is 46-60 years, and category 3 is 61-75 years. PMI is measured based on the ratio of the mandibular cortical thickness to the distance between the superior or inferior margins of the mental foramen and the inferior margins of the mandibular cortex.

Results: The mean and standard deviation obtained in category 1 was 0.30±0.032, category 2 was 0.28±0.042, and category 3 was 0.24±0.063. Based on the one-way ANOVA analysis test result, there were significant differences between categories p<0.05. In addition, based on the results of measurements obtained, statistically PMI measurements show a decrease with age in the 15 year age interval.

Conclusion: PMI values ​​decrease with age and statistically there are significant differences between age categories."

"[ABSTRAK

Studi ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross

sectional, bertujuan menganalisis hubungan aspek fisik danaspek psikososial

dengan status hipertensi lansia di Poli Lansia Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat

Kecamatan Jatinegara Tahun 2014. Rata-rata tekanan sistolik adalah 149,47

mmHg,terendah 130 mmHg dan tertinggi 210 mmHg. Ujibivariat menunjukkan

ada hubungan yang signifikan antaraaspek fisik, usia, komplikasi dan lama

hipertensi dengan status hipertensi pada lansia.Uji multivariat secara bermakna

menunjukkan bahwa faktor penentu menurun atau meningkatnya tekanan darah

sistolik pada lansia adalah komplikasi penyakit. Secara bersama-sama, aspek fisik

dan aspek psikososial ternyata tidak berperan dalam menentukan tekanan darah

sistolik lansia.

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ABSTRACT

This study is a quantitative descriptive analytic cross-sectional approach, aimed at

analyzing the physical aspects of the relationship and the psychosocial aspects of

the status of elderly hypertension in The Poly Elderly Community Health Center

Jatinegara 2014. Average systolic pressure was 149.47 mmHg, 130 mmHg lows

and highs of 210 mmHg.Bivariate test showed significant relationship between

the physical aspect, age, complications and duration of hypertension in the elderly

with hypertension status.Significant multivariate test showed that the deciding

factor decreases or increases in systolic blood pressure in the elderly is a

complication of the disease. Taken together, the physical aspects and psychosocial

aspects did not play a role in determining systolic blood pressure of elderly.;This study is a quantitative descriptive analytic cross-sectional approach, aimed at

analyzing the physical aspects of the relationship and the psychosocial aspects of

the status of elderly hypertension in The Poly Elderly Community Health Center

Jatinegara 2014. Average systolic pressure was 149.47 mmHg, 130 mmHg lows

and highs of 210 mmHg.Bivariate test showed significant relationship between

the physical aspect, age, complications and duration of hypertension in the elderly

with hypertension status.Significant multivariate test showed that the deciding

factor decreases or increases in systolic blood pressure in the elderly is a

complication of the disease. Taken together, the physical aspects and psychosocial

aspects did not play a role in determining systolic blood pressure of elderly., This study is a quantitative descriptive analytic cross-sectional approach, aimed at

analyzing the physical aspects of the relationship and the psychosocial aspects of

the status of elderly hypertension in The Poly Elderly Community Health Center

Jatinegara 2014. Average systolic pressure was 149.47 mmHg, 130 mmHg lows

and highs of 210 mmHg.Bivariate test showed significant relationship between

the physical aspect, age, complications and duration of hypertension in the elderly

with hypertension status.Significant multivariate test showed that the deciding

factor decreases or increases in systolic blood pressure in the elderly is a

complication of the disease. Taken together, the physical aspects and psychosocial

aspects did not play a role in determining systolic blood pressure of elderly.]"

"ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG. Memori kerja merupakan ranah kognisi yang bertanggungjawabterhadap sebagian besar masalah kognisi yang dialami seorangusia lanjut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat mengisiSudoku terhadap fungsi memori kerja dan fungsi kognisi global usia lanjut. METODE. Desain studi adalah uji klinis tidak tersamar. Subjek merupakanwarga Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta yang diambil secarakonsekutif kemudian dibagi acak menjadi dua kelompok, perlakuan dan kontrol.Kelompok perlakuan melakukan latihan Sudoku 3x/minggu selama 12 minggu.Memori kerja dinilai dengan Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B), fungsi kognisiglobal dinilai dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi bahasa Indonesia(MoCA-Ina). HASIL. Terdapat 24 subjek pada kelompok perlakuan dan 27 subjek padakelompok kontrol. Terdapat 13 subjek yang memberikan kesan positif terhadaplatihan Sudoku. Penurunan waktu penyelesaian TMT-B sebesar 11,1 detik padakelompok perlakuan dan 18,8 detik pada kelompok kontrol, meskipun tidakdidapatkan perbedaan bermakna antar kedua kelompok (p = 0,816). Terdapat 8subjek (33,3%) dari kelompok perlakuan dan 11 subjek (40,7%) dari kelompokkontrol yang mengalami peningkatan nilaiMoCA-Ina (p = 0,530). KESIMPULAN. Sudoku belum terbukti dapat meningkatkan fungsi memorikerja dan fungsi kognisi global pada usia lanjut sehat, namun peningkatan fungsimemori kerja yang terlihat pada kedua kelompok menandakan adanya plastisitasneural pada usia lanjut yang bermanfaat untuk pemeliharaan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. ;BACKGROUND. Working memory deficit is responsible for most of thecognitive problem experienced by older adults.The aim of the present study was todetermine whether Sudoku training might improves these deficits and if so,whether such changes might be transferred to other cognitive domains.METHODS. This was non-blinding randomized controlled trial. Subjects wereconsecutively taken from Panti Sosial TresnaWerda I dan III DKI Jakarta afterseries of screening. All subjects were assessed with Indonesian version ofMontreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) for cognitive function and TrailMaking Test part B (TMT-B) for working memory. The experimental group wasgiven 12 weeks of cognitive alternate-day training based on Sudoku exercises.RESULTS. There are 24 subjects in experimental group and 27 subjects incontrol group. Nine subjects from each group showed improvement in the TMT-Bcompletion time, although this difference were not statistically significant(experimental group 11.1s Vs control group 18.8s; p = 0.816). There were 8subjects (33.3 %) on experimental group and 11 subjects (40.7 %) on controlgroup had increment in MoCA-Ina scores (p = 0.530). Thirteen subjects reportedimprovements in memory, attention and concentration span.CONCLUSIONS. The use of Sudoku as one of the cognitive training tools on elderly still need further study and discussion regarding limitation of this presentstudy. But the improvement of working memory function as seen in resultprovides potential brain plasticity for maintaining cognitive function in elderly. "

"Growing old is inevitable for any human being. In everyday life, the elderly needs the kind and level of dependence of other people, especially the disabled. They are to be respected as individual with dignity and self-expression, and free to do what they want. Many are able to do with their own initiative. It is not right to assume that the elderly totally depend on other people?s assistance. Some may have general weakness, especially their physical condition that even, is often heard as fragile. The anticipation of the fragile physical condition may sometimes overly say. The efforts to prevent an accident, such as falling, may actually hinder the autonomous actualization of the elderly."