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"Latar Belakang: Gigi tiruan cekat (GTC) dapat menyebabkan keausan pada gigi antagonis dengan nilai keausan yang berbeda-beda, tergantung dengan sifat karakteristik material bahan tersebut. Zirkonia merupakan bahan restorasi GTC yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan restorasi GTC lainnya yang sering digunakan seperti feldspatik porselen pada vinir porselen dari PFM/PFZ, litium disilikat, dan porselen hibrida. Namun berdasarkan beberapa literatur, zirkonia tidak menghasilkan keausan gigi antagonis yang signifikan jika dibandingan dengan bahan lain. Saat ini sudah terdapat beberapa artikel penelitian mengenai keausan gigi antagonis yang disebabkan oleh GTC zirkonia dan perbandingannya dengan vinir porselen pada PFM termasuk dengan kajian sistematiknya, baik secara in-vitro ataupun in-vivo. Namun, belum terdapat suatu kajian sistematik yang secara khusus membandingkan keausan gigi antagonis yang disebabkan oleh GTC dengan bahan zirkonia dan non-zirkonia secara klinis dimana tidak hanya vinir porselen pada PFM/PFZ, tetapi juga bahan lain seperti litium disilikat, porselen hibrida.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi keausan gigi antagonis pada gigi dengan restorasi GTC dengan bahan zirkonia dan non-zirkonia secara klinis.Metode: Kajian sistematik ini telah didaftarkan pada National Institute for Health Research PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews dengan nomor kode CRD42022365844. Penyusunan kajian sistematik ini berdasarkan panduan dari alur kerja Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Penelusuran data secara elektronik pada tanggal 5 November 2022 melalui 5 basis data dari PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library, dan Proquest. Kriteria inklusi adalah artikel pada periode 10 tahun terakhir, berbahasa inggris, desain penelitian eksperimental klinis, subjek pada keausan gigi antagonis restorasi GTC yang terbuat dengan bahan zirkonia monolitik, litium disilikat, vinir porselen (PFM/PFZ), porselen hibrida. Penelitian berupa eksperimental laboratori, laporan kasus, kajian, restorasi dengan dukungan implan dan pasien yang memiliki kebiasaaan buruk bruxism dieksklusi. Pemeriksaan bias menggunakan piranti lunak Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) dan heterogenitas diperiksa menggunakan piranti lunak Review Manager.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran ditemukan 909 artikel yang kemudian diseleksi menjadi 8 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Tujuh diantaranya merupakan uji acak terkendali dan satu merupakan eksperimental klinis. Tiga artikel membandingan keausan gigi antagonis yang disebabkan antara restorasi GTC zirkonia dan litium disilikat, lima artikel membandingkan antara restorasi GTC PFM dengan zirkonia, dan hanya satu artikel membandingkan restorasi GTC zirkonia dengan litium disilikat dan porselen hibrida. Pemeriksaan bias ditemukan 7 artikel memiliki bias terkategori sedang dan 1 artikel bias terkategori rendah.Kesimpulan: Gigi yang direstorasi dengan bahan zirkonia tidak menghasilkan keausan antagonis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan restorasi non-zirkonia, seperti litium disilikat, vinir porselen pada PFM ataupun porselen hibrida dalam rata-rata durasi penelitian selama 12 bulan.

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Background: Fixed dental prosthesis can cause wear on antagonist teeth with varying amount, depend on the material characteristics. Zirconia as a crown is one of the most frequently used material that has higher hardness compared to other materials such as feldspathic porcelain and lithium disilicate. However based on several literatures, zirconia does not generate significant tooth wear when compared to other materials. Currently there are several research articles regarding the comparison of antagonistic tooth wear caused by zirconia crown alone or zirconia compared with metal porcelain including its systematic reviews. However, there has not been a systematic review that clinically compared the antagonist tooth wear caused by zirconia and non-zirconia not only metal porcelain, but also lithium disilicate and hybrid porcelain.

Objective: Clinically evaluate the wear of antagonist teeth against zirconia and non-zirconia crown.

Methods: This systematic review has been registered at the National Institute for Health Research (PROSPERO), International Prospective Register of Systematic Review with code number CRD42022365844. Preparation of this systematic review is based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 workflow. Electronic data search on November 5, 2022 through 5 databases from PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library, and Proquest. Inclusion criteria were articles in the last 10 years, in English, clinical experimental research design, wear on antagonist teeth against monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate, porcelain veneer (PFM/PFZ), hybrid porcelain crown. Article in the form of experimental laboratories, case reports, review, implant supported restoration, and bad habits such as bruxism are excluded. Bias examination using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) and heterogeneity examined using the Review Manager.

Results: Based on the search results, 909 articles were found which were then selected into 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Seven of these were RCTs and one was a clinical experiment. Data from each article is recorded on a worksheet based on predetermined conditions. Three articles compared antagonist tooth wear caused between zirconia and lithium disilicate crown, five articles compared between zirconia with metal porcelain crown, and only one article compared zirconia, lithium disilicate and porcelain hybrid crown. Bias examination found 7 articles have moderate bias and 1 article has low bias.

Conclusion: Teeth restored with zirconia crown does not caused higher antagonist wear than non-zirconia crown, such as lithium disilicate, porcelain veneers on PFM/PFZ or porcelain hybrids in average studies duration of 12 months."

"Tujuan: Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menyelidiki dampak psikologis, seperti stres, kecemasan, dan depresi akibat pandemi COVID-19 sebagai etiologi temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Metode: Protokol penelusuran literatur dalam kajian sistematik ini berdasarkan tahapan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada empat basis data daring yaitu Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCO, dan ProQuest dengan membatasi literatur dalam bahasa Inggris dan dipublikasikan dalam rentang waktu tahun 2020 hingga 2022 sejak pandemi COVID-19 terjadi. Kriteria inklusi lain yang ditetapkan adalah subjek dengan TMD, dampak psikologis pandemi COVID-19 sebagai etiologi TMD dan studi observasional. Penilaian risiko bias menggunakan borang Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal. Hasil: Dari penelusuran didapatkan 421 literatur dan setelah proses seleksi terdapat 13 literatur yang termasuk dalam kriteria inklusi. Kondisi TMD pasien didiagnosa menggunakan kuesioner DC/TMD dan variasinya. Pada subjek dengan TMD dilakukan pengukuran terhadap keadaan psikologis dan dampak dari pandemi COVID-19. Hasil pemeriksaan keadaan psikologis pada 13 literatur ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan stres, depresi, dan kecemasan pada subjek dengan TMD yang merupakan dampak dari pandemi COVID-19. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya peristiwa lockdown, kehilangan pekerjaan, keterbatasan interaksi sosial, dan ketakutan pada pandemi COVID-19. Dampak pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan emosional dan kebiasaan parafungsi. Hal ini memperburuk kondisi fisiologis pada sistem stomatognatik dan mengakibatkan terjadinya TMD. Kesimpulan: Interaksi dampak pandemi COVID-19 dengan faktor psikologi dapat berperan sebagai etiologi TMD. Stres, depresi, dan kecemasan berkelanjutan akibat pandemi COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan psikologis dan emosional, serta kebiasaan parafungsi seperti bruxism dan mengakibatkan TMD. Penilaian faktor psikologi yang menyeluruh pada pasien TMD dapat menjadi kunci dalam keberhasilan perawatan pasien TMD terutama pada masa pandemi COVID-19.

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Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify and investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression as etiologies of temporomandibular disorder (TMD).

Methods: The literature search protocol in this systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature search was conducted on four online databases: Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCO, and ProQuest by limiting only literature in English and published in the period from 2020 to 2022 since the COVID-19 pandemic occurred. The inclusion criteria were the subject with TMD; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as an etiology of TMD; observational studies. The bias risk was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal form. Results: 421 literatures were obtained in the initial search and after the selection process there were 13 literatures included in this systematic review. The patient's TMD condition was diagnosed using the DC/TMD questionnaire and its variations. Psychological measurements and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic were carried out for the subjects with TMD. The results of examining the psychological state of the 13 literatures show an increase in stress, depression, and anxiety in subjects with TMD which is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This condition is due to lockdown events, loss of jobs, restrictions on social interaction, and fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic causes an increase in emotional stress,and parafunctional habits. These impacts can cause physiological decline in the stomatognathic system and results in TMD. Conclusions: The interaction between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological factors can act as an etiology for TMD. Continued stress, depression and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to increased psychological and emotional distress, as well as parafunctional habits such as bruxism and lead to TMD. A thorough assessment of psychological factors in TMD patients can be key to the successful treatment of TMD patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic."

"Latar Belakang : Remineralisasi Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) dentin digunakan untuk meningkatkan pembentukan kristal nano ke daerah gap zone serta membangun struktur mineral apatit pada kolagen demineralized dentin dan Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) berperan sebagai protein analog serta memicu remineralisasi dentin. Tujuan: Mendapatkan novel semen carboxymethyl chitosan/amporphous calcium phosphate sebagai agen GTR dentin. Metode: Modifikasi CMC menjadi bubuk CMC/ACP (CA) melalui proses Freeze Dry dan modifikasi bubuk CA melalui proses milling 30 menit menjadi bubuk CMC/ACP paska milling (CAM) dan masing-masing dievaluasi menggunakan FTIR menganalisis gugus fungsi CMC dan gugus fungsi awal CA yang terbentuk. Bubuk CA dan CAM kemudian dicampurkan dengan gipsum hemihydrate pada rasio 5% dan 10% didapatkan kelompok novel semen CAG 5%, CAG 10%, CAMG 5% dan CAMG 10%. Kelompok tersebut dievaluasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, SEM, setting time, ketahanan kompresi dan MTT assay. Novel semen tersebut diaplikasikan pada dentin terdemineralisasi selama 14 hari dan dievaluasi menggunakan TEM. Hasil: Gugus fungsi CMC berupa -CH2COOH dan N-H terlihat pada bubuk CA dan setelah dilakukan milling menjadi bubuk CAM. Tambahan gugus fungsi fosfat (-PO4) terlihat juga pada bubuk CA dan CAM. Gugus fungsi awal bubuk CA tetap terlihat pada bubuk CAM. Gugus fungsi fosfat (-PO4) terlihat juga pada kelompok novel semen CAG dan CAMG baik 5% dan 10%. Kombinasi bubuk CA dan CAM menggunakan gipsum mempengaruhi fasa mineral material. Kesan topografi berbeda pada novel semen CAG (5% dan 10%) dan novel semen CAMG (5% dan 10%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok novel semen (CAG 5%, CAG 10%, CAMG 5% dan CAMG 10%) dibandingkan dengan gipsum (kontrol) pada setting time dan ketahanan kompresi (p<0.05). Viabilitas sel dari uji MTT assay menunjukkan novel semen CAMG 10% tidak toksik terhadap hDPSC. Novel semen CAG (5% dan 10%) dan novel semen CAMG (5% dan 10%) menunjukkan kesan remineralisasi dentin ekstrafibrillar dan intrafibrillar pada dentin terdemineralisasi. Kesimpulan: Modifikasi carboxymethyl chitosan melalui proses freeze dry dan milling serta pencampuran rasio 5% dan 10% menggunakan gipsum memiliki kemampuan untuk menginisiasi guided tissue remineralisazation dentin baik secara ekstrafibrillar dan intrafibrillar pada dentin terdemineralisasi.

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Background: Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR) dentin is used to increase the formation of nanocrystals in the gap zone area and build an apatite mineral structure in demineralized dentin collagen and Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) which acts as a protein analog and triggers dentin remineralization. Objective: To obtain a novel carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate cement as a dentinal GTR agent.Purpose: Obtained novel cement carboxymethyl chitosan/amporphous calcium phosphate as an agent for GTR. Methods: Modification of CMC into CMC/ACP (CA) powder through the Freeze Dry process and modification of CA powder through a 30-minute milling process into CMC/ACP powder after milling (CAM) and evaluated using FTIR, respectively, analyzing the CMC functional group and the initial CA functional group formed. CA and CAM powder were then mixed with gypsum hemihydrate at a ratio of 5% and 10% to obtain novel cement groups of CAG 5%, CAG 10%, CAMG 5%, and CAMG 10%. The groups were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, SEM, setting time, compression resistance, and MTT assay. The novel cement was applied to demineralized dentin for 14 days and evaluated using TEM. Result: The CMC functional group (-CH2COOH and N-H) was seen in CA and CAM powder. Addition of phosphate (-PO4) functional grup were detected in CA and CAM powder. Phosphate (-PO4) functional group was seen in novel cement CAG (5% and 10%) and CAMG (5% and 10%). The combination of gipsum using CA and CAM powders produces different mineral phases. Topographical impressions differed between Novel cement groups of CAG (5% and 10%) and CAMG (5% and 10%). There was a significant difference between the novel cement groups (CAG 5%, CAG 10%, CAMG 5%, and CAMG 10%) compared to gypsum (control) in setting time and compression resistance (p<0.05). Viability cell confirmation using MTT assay showed that novel cemen group of CAMG 10% did not toxic to hDPSC. Novel cement groups of CAG (5% and 10%) and CAMG (5% and 10%) demonstrated the effects of extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar dentin remineralization on demineralized dentin. Conclusion: Modifying carboxymethyl chitosan through freeze dry and milling processes and modifying the mixing ratio of 5% and 10% using gypsum can initiate guided tissue remineralization of dentin both extrafibrillarly and intrafibrillarly in demineralized dentin."

"Latar belakang: Seiring bertambahnya usia, kemungkinan kehilangan gigi juga akan semakin banyak. Kehilangan gigi terutama pada bagian posterior menyebabkan berkurangnya zona dukungan gigi posterior yang akan menyebabkan perubahan fungsi mastikasi (kemampuan mengunyah makanan) dan akan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kesehatan umum sehingga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Hal ini yang pada akhirnya membuat seseorang merasa membutuhkan suatu bentuk perawatan. Permintaan seseorang terhadap pelayanan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendorong (predisposing) yang meliputi pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku. Tujuan:Menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan pada pra-lansia dan lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross sectional pada 82 subjek yang berusia lebih dari 45 tahun yang mengikuti bakti sosial di Puskesmas Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu. Pada subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis intraoral, pengisian kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dan lembar isian permintaan gigi tiruan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan pada pra-lansia dan lansia, namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan permintaan gigi tiruan.

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Background: As we get older, the possibility of tooth loss will also increase. Missing teeth in the posterior area will reduce the number of occlusal support zones and will cause changes in the masticatory function. These changes may have impact on general health and affect the quality of life. This is what ultimately makes a person need some form of care. A person's demand for health services is influenced by predisposing factors which include knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Obejctives: To analyze the relationship between oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice toward denture demand in the pre- elderly and elderly.

Methods : This research was conducted with a cross sectional design on 82 subjects aged over 45 years old who attended social services at the public health center located on Panggang Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Oral examination were performed, and interview for oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice and denture demand questionnaire were conducted. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test.

Results: Oral health knowledge gave a statistically significant difference towards denture demand (p=0,000).

Conclusion: Oral health knowledge gave a statistically significant difference towards denture demand whilst oral health attitude and practice did not."

"Latar belakang: Prevalensi penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia tergolong cukup tinggi seiring bertambahnya usia. Berdasarkan hasil Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI (InfoDATIN 2015) mengenai penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia, tertera bahwa proporsi penderita osteoporosis berusia lebih dari 50 tahun pada wanita mencapai 32,3% dan 28,8% pada pria. Usia lanjut sangat jelas dapat dijadikan sebagai faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya osteoporosis. Didukung pula dengan minimnya pola hidup sehat baik itu olahraga maupun asupan nutrisi tulang dari konsumsi susu masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini memicu terjadinya porositas bahkan hingga fraktur dini terhadap tulang yang dapat dicegah salah satunya melalui metode deteksi dini Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI).Tujuan: Memperoleh data rerata rasio ketebalan tulang kortikal pada subjek wanita usia 31-75 tahun secara radiografis pada panoramik berdasarkan metode PMI.Metode: Pengukuran PMI menggunakan sampel radiograf panoramik wanita sebanyak 225. Dibagi menjadi tiga kategori dengan interval 15 tahun, yaitu kategori 1 dengan rentang usia 31-45 tahun, kategori 2 yaitu 46-60 tahun, dan kategori 3 yaitu 61-75 tahun. PMI diukur berdasarkan rasio ketebalan kortikal mandibula terhadap jarak antara margin superior atau inferior foramen mental dan margin inferior dari korteks mandibula. Hasil: Diperoleh rerata dan standar deviasi pada kategori 1 sebesar 0,30±0,032, kategori 2 sebesar 0,28±0,042, dan kategori 3 sebesar 0,24±0,063. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Uji ANOVA, didapatkan perbedaan signifikan antar kategori (p<0,05). Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil pengukuran yang didapatkan, secara statistik pengukuran PMI menunjukkan penurunan seiring dengan pertambahan usia dalam interval usia 15 tahun.Kesimpulan: Nilai PMI menurun seiring dengan pertambahan usia dan secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna diantara kategori usia.

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Background: Prevalence of osteoporosis in Indonesia is quite high with age. Based on the results of Information from Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (InfoDATIN 2015) regarding the conditions of osteoporosis in Indonesia, it was stated that the proportion of osteoporosis patients aged more than 50 years in women reached 32.3% and 28.8% in men. Old age can clearly be used as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Also supported by the lack of a healthy lifestyle such as physical exercise and bone nutrition intake from milk consumption of Indonesian people. This certainly will trigger the occurrence of porosity even to the early fracture of bone, which one of them can be prevented through the early detection method of the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI).

Objective: To obtain data on mean cortical bone thickness ratio in female subjects aged 31-75 years radiographically on panoramic based on the PMI method.

Method: A total of 225 female panoramic radiograph samples were selected and divided into three categories with 15-year intervals, namely category 1 with an age range of 31-45 years, category 2 is 46-60 years, and category 3 is 61-75 years. PMI is measured based on the ratio of the mandibular cortical thickness to the distance between the superior or inferior margins of the mental foramen and the inferior margins of the mandibular cortex.

Results: The mean and standard deviation obtained in category 1 was 0.30±0.032, category 2 was 0.28±0.042, and category 3 was 0.24±0.063. Based on the one-way ANOVA analysis test result, there were significant differences between categories p<0.05. In addition, based on the results of measurements obtained, statistically PMI measurements show a decrease with age in the 15 year age interval.

Conclusion: PMI values ​​decrease with age and statistically there are significant differences between age categories."