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"The Construction by the Mass Media of the Prison Reality. (Critical Discourse Analysis) About the Reporting of Punishment Reduction of Tommy Soeharto, Bob Hasan and Zarima, Family Meeting of Tommy Soeharto and the Permission to Consult a Doctor of Bob Hasan in The Year 2003The print and electronic media are events flourishing right now. They seem to compete with each other in finding sensational to write about. All the more so, when the objects of the news have value in selling. They are so keen to write the news and didn't want to know whether the news will disturb the subject's rights or not. The subjects of the print media who are the topic of this research are Tommy Soeharto, Bob Hasan, Zanma They became an commodity. Because of the reporting of them , they were violated , so the society have the same negative opinion as the media. The society considered that they were guilty and they were criminals. Who did not deserve to be given rights while living in prison?. It can be seen from the news which was published the media. The media placed them as criminal and they are controversial objects. It's negative attitudes are directed not only to the inmates but also to the prison_ Arrogantly media accused the prison of spoil the inmates. Media also did not want to acknowledge that prisons have the responsibility of giving prisoners their rights inmates' rights either; even their rights are the prison obligation.

Through critical discourse analysis we can discover why and how the media presented the news and the hidden motif behind the texts. Then the criminologist will knew what the media did and ignore the truth of the reality. The media has done the wrong things. The research found that the print media was wrong and the reality which posed was virtual reality and it was because of economic motif. The media spread it stigmatization and hating to get the sympathy of the society, so that the society will behave like the media did. The society both the inmates and the prison. In this case there was an unbalanced battle between the prison and the media If it's still going on, so the media deviates From it's role as a socialization agent The media passes on the deviance to public because of the wrong news.

(5 introduction pages + 6 tables + 198 content pages + 46 references + 18 appendices + 5 internet)."

"Penelitian ini berjudul Fungsi Budgeting dan Pengawasan DPRD terhadap Kinerja Eksekutif : Kasus Pelaksanaan APBD TA 2003 khusus Bidang Pendidikan. Penulis tertarik dengan topik tersebut, karena di Kabupaten Bekasi terdapat dua permasalahan yang perlu mendapat perhatian era demokratisasi. Pertama, alokasi anggaran dalam APBD TA 2003 meningkat tajam, dibanding tahun selumnya. Kedua, berkaitan dengan Pembangunan Tamblok Gedung SD/Mi Negeri yang disinyalir ada indikasi KKN. Penelitian dimaksudkan unluk menjelaskan bagaimana fungsi budgeting dan pengawasan DPRD terhadap kinerja eksekutif, khususnya pelaksanaan APBD TA 2003 bidang pendidikan.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif pembahasannya menggunakan teori otonomi daerah dan desentralisasi, teori transisi dan demokatisasi, teori perwakilan, teori pengawasan, mekanisme kontrol dan fungsi anggaran, teori kelompok kepentingan, teori kebijakan publik, Metode penelitian menggunakan ?deskripif analysis'. Untuk menganalisis masalah menggunakan pendekatan "content-anaIysis" dan "cross check analysis", yaitu data yang relevan melalui dokumen dan wawancara mendalam sebanyak 32 orang : 8 orang dari kalangan DPRD, 9 orang dari kalangan eksekutif dan 15 orang dari kalangan masyarakat.Hasil temuan di lapangan, menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan fungsi budgeting dan pengawasan DPRD Kabupaten Bekasi terhadap kinerja eksekutif khususnya kasus pelaksanaan APBD TA 2003 bidang pendidikan belum optimal. Indikasi ini dapat dilihat, pertama, belum dimanfaatkannya hak-hak DPRD dalam melaksanakan fungsi anggaran terhadap alokasi dana pendidikan sebesar 20 % dari APBD. Kedua, belum efektifnya pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan DPRD Kabupaten Bekasi terhadap penggunaan APBD bidang pendidikan. Ditemukan pula 'dua faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan fungsi pengawasan DPRD, yaim faktor internal : masih rendahnya kapasitas anggota DPRD terkait dengan pendidikan dan pengalaman politik, kuatnya kepentingan partai terhadap anggota DPRD, prosedur pelaksanaan hak yang berbelit-belit, dan munculnya blok-blok dalam fraksi DPRD. Faktor eksternal, yaitu adanya indikasi hubungan eksekutif dan' legislatif yang kompromis, hadirnya kelompok-kelompok kepentingan yang persuasif dan represif, baik dengan DPRD maupun Eksekutif.Implikasi teori menunjukkan, bahwa teori yang digunakan sesuai dengan pembahasan penelitian. Era demokratisasi DPRD lebih leluasa menggunakan hak-haknya sebagaimana yang diisyaratkan dalam UU No. 22/199, namun tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh DPRD. Dalam hal ini teori perwakilan Richard F. Fenno membenarkan bahwa perwakilan untuk melegitimasikan kegiatan mereka sendiri, dalam hal ini posisi DPRD yang kuat hanya untuk memenuhi kepentingan sendiri. Partisipasi politik yang digagas Almond mengimplikasikan bahwa DPRD membentuk dan bergabung dalam kelompok kepentingan mempengaruhi fungsi pengawasan DPRD. Teori Kebijakan publik (K.C Wheare), menunjukkan bahwa badan-badan politik (DPRD) lebih sexing menghabiskan waktunya untuk hal-hal selain pembuatan undang-undang. Sorensen menggambarkan transisi yang sedang terjadi sebagai demokrasi terbatas, lemah, dan tidak solid serta mudah diterpa masalah sosial dan ekonomi. Sehingga demokratisasi merupakan proses awal menuju demokrasi yang kompleks dan jangka waktu panjang.

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The cause of the writer's interest in this topic is because Bekasi region has two crucial problems in this democratization era. First, the budget allocation in 2003 APBD raised sharply compared to the previous period. Second, in relation to the building of Building Tamblok of all state primary schools (SD & Mi), it was indicating KKN (corruption and collusion) activities. This research is aimed to explain how the budgeting and controlling function of The Regional People's Representatives (DPRD) towards the executive performance, in particular to the implementation of 2003 ABPD on education.

This research is a qualitative research, discussing regional autonomy and decentralization, transition and democratization, representation, controlling theory, controlling mechanism and function, and public policy theories. The research method ised is a descriptive analysis. Meanwhile to analyse the problem this research used content analysis and cross check analysis approaches. The relevant data found in documents and in-depth interview of 32 people: 8 members of DPRD, 9 from the executive bodies, and 15 from the community.

The field findings shown that the implementation of budgeting and controlling function by DPRD Bekasi Region on executive performance, in particular the case of 2003 APBD implementation on education was not optimum This indication can be seen in, first, the low usage of DPRD rights in implementing budgeting timction of the education budget which amounted to 20% of APBD. Second, the low effectiveness of DPRD Bekasi Region's controlling function implementation on the ABPD usage on education. We also found two influencing factors on the implementation of DPRD's controlling function, the intemal factor: the low capacity of DPRD members regarding the political education and experience, the strong party's interest over DPRD members, the complicating rights' implementation procedure, and the emergence of cliques within DPRD fractions. The extemal factors are the existence of corqiromising relation between executive and legislative, the emergence of persuasive and repressive interest groups, both within DPRD and the executive body.

The implication of the theory shows that theory used in the research discussion is applicable. The DPRD during this democratization era is easier to use its rights as stated in UU No. 22/ 1999, but not used by DPRD optimally. Richard F. Fenno's theory on representation confirmed that representation gave them the legitimacy for their own personal activities where the DPRD position strengthened for the sake of their own interest. Almond's theory on political participation implied the fact that DPRD members shaped and merged into interest groups had influenced the controlling function of DPRD. K.C. Wheare's theory on public policy shown that political bodies, this case DPRD, more often spent their time on things beside the making of policy. Sorensen described the transitional process as a limited, weak and soft democracy which was easily disturbed by social and economy problems. Hence democratization is only the beginning of a complex and long term democracy."

"Tingkat loyalitas konsumen sudah banyak diprediksi dengan berbagai atribut dari framework kepuasan pelanggan, tetapi output yang dihasilkan tidak konsisten. Konsep yang sedang berkembang saat ini yang dianggap sebagai predictor yang baik untuk loyalitas adalah customer experience. Ada delapan faktor pembentuk B2C customer experience menurut Lemke et al. (2006), yaitu accessibility, competence, customer recognition, helpfulness, personalization, problem solving, promise fulfillment, dan value for time. Dari penelitian terhadap responden yang dalam enam bulan terakhir berinteraksi dengan Hoka Hoka Bento didapatkan hasil bahwa problem solving, promise fulfillment, serta value for time merupakan tiga faktor yang paling berkorelasi dengan customer experience dan accessibility merupakan faktor dengan korelasi terendah. Penelitian ini juga mendapatkan hubungan yang kuat antara customer experience dengan loyalitas.

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Many researchers have predicted consumer loyalty based on attributes from customer satisfaction framework, but many found inconsistent results. Customer experience is a growing concept which is considered as a good predictor for loyalty. There are eight factors which contribute to customer experience based on research by Lemke et al. (2006); accessibility, competence, customer recognition, helpfulness, personalization, problem solving, promise fulfillment, and value for time. From research concerning to respondents which in the last six months interacting with Hoka Hoka Bento, results show that problem solving, promise fulfillment, and value for time are three factors with the highest correlation with customer experience and accessibility is the lowest. This research also finds strong correlation between customer experience and loyalty."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keuntungan dan kerugian layanan hemodialisis bila dijalankan dengan sistem outsourcing dan bila dijalankan dengan sistem KSO,mengetahui biaya satuan rata-rata hemodialisis rawat jalan dengan sistem outsourcing yang selama ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere, mengetahui biaya satuan rata-rata tindakan hemodialisis rawat jalan dengan sistem KSO yang akan menjadi alternatif pilihan, mengetahui sistem mana yang lebih menguntungkan bagi Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere antara sistem outsourcing dan KSO, mengetahui kebijakan Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere terhadap layanan hemodialisis yang berlangsung saat ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan partial economicevaluation. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menghitung biaya satuan yang menjadi dasar dalam penetapan tarif tindakan hemodialisis. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai dasar pemilihan sistemoutsourcing yang sedang berjalan saat ini dan rencana selanjutnya setelah masa kontrak outsourcing telah berakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya investasi gedung merupakan biaya yang paling tinggi dalam biaya investasi dan biaya investasi alat non medis merupakan biaya yang paling rendah dalam biaya investasi. Biaya total tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem Outsourcingtahun 2013 lebih tinggi daripada biaya total tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem KSO. Biaya satuan aktual tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem outsourcing lebih rendah daripada tarif tindakan hemodialisis yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. Biaya satuan normatifnya juga lebih rendah daripada tarif tindakan hemodialisis yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. Pada tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem KSO biaya satuan aktual dan biaya satuan normatif lebih rendah daripada tarif yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. CRR dengan sistem outsourcing lebih rendah (109,06%) dibanding dengan CRR sistem KSO (121,63%), yang artinya sistem KSO lebih memberikan benefit dibandingkan sistem outsourcing. Kebijakan rumah sakit terhadaplayanan hemodialisis setelah habis masa kontrak dengan pihak outsourcing tergantung negosiasi antara kedua belah pihak, jika diperpanjang maka persentase bagi hasil harus dievaluasi, jika tidak bisa dievaluasi maka kontrak tidak diperpanjang lagi. Dengan demikian KSO dapat menjadi alternatif pilihan.

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This Study is to compare the advantage and disadvantage hemodialysis service in outsourcing system and join operational system, to determine outpatient average cost unit in outsourcing sistem undergo at Puri Cinere Hospital, to determine average outpatient cost unit in join operational system to become alternative choice, to determine which system give more advantage to Puri Cinere Hospital between outsourcing system and join operational system, to determine hospital policy to undergo hemodialysis service. This study uses a case study withpartial economic evaluation approach. A quantitative approach is done by calculating cost unit that become the basic of determining of hemodialysis tariff. A qualitative approach is done by deep interview to gain information about the basic choice undergo outsourcing system and futher plan after the end of the outsourcing period. The result showed that building investment is the highest cost in investment cost, and non medic investment is the lowest cost in investment cost. Total cost of hemodialysis in outsourcing system in 2013 is higher than join operational system. The actual cost and the normative cost unit of hemodialysis service with outsourcing system is lower than Puri Cinere Hospital hemodialysis service tariff. The same conditionhappen in Join Operational system. Cost Recovery Rate (CRR) in outsourcing system is lower (109.06%) than CRR in Join Operational System (121.63%), The Illustration above shows that the Join Operational System give more advantage compare to outsourcing system. Hospital policy to hemodialysis service after the end of the period with outsourcing depends on negotiation between two sides, and must be evaluated especially in terms of cost sharing. The result of this negotiation could become a basic to take a further decision."

"ABSTRAKPerbandingan Layanan Hemodialisis Rawat Jalan Antara Sistem Outsourcing Dan Sistem KSO Ditinjau Dari Segi Biaya Dan Kebijakan Di rumah Sakit Puri Cinere Tahun 2013 merupakan gambaran layanan hemodialisis rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keuntungan dan kerugian layanan hemodialisis bila dijalankan dengan sistem outsourcing dan bila dijalankan dengan sistem KSO, mengetahui biaya satuan rata-rata hemodialisis rawat jalan dengan sistem outsourcing yang selama ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere, mengetahui biaya satuan rata-rata tindakan hemodialisis rawat jalan dengan sistem KSO yang akan menjadi alternatif pilihan, mengetahui sistem mana yang lebih menguntungkan bagi Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere antara sistem outsourcing dan KSO, mengetahui kebijakan Rumah Sakit Puri Cinere terhadap layanan hemodialisis yang berlangsung saat ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan pendekatan partial economic evaluation. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menghitung biaya satuan yang menjadi dasar dalam penetapan tarif tindakan hemodialisis. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai dasar pemilihan sistem outsourcing yang sedang berjalan saat ini dan rencana selanjutnya setelah masa kontrak outsourcing telah berakhir.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya investasi gedung merupakan biaya yang paling tinggi dalam biaya investasi dan biaya investasi alat non medis merupakan biaya yang paling rendah dalam biaya investasi. Biaya total tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem Outsourcing tahun 2013 lebih tinggi daripada biaya total tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem KSO. Biaya satuan aktual tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem outsourcing lebih rendah daripada tarif tindakan hemodialisis yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. Biaya satuan normatifnya juga lebih rendah daripada tarif tindakan hemodialisis yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. Pada tindakan hemodialisis dengan sistem KSO biaya satuan aktual dan biaya satuan normatif lebih rendah daripada tarif yang berlaku di RS Puri Cinere. CRR dengan sistem outsourcing lebih rendah (109,06%) dibanding dengan CRR sistem KSO (121,63%), yang artinya sistem KSO lebih memberikan benefit dibandingkan sistem outsourcing. Kebijakan rumah sakit terhadap layanan hemodialisis setelah habis masa kontrak dengan pihak outsourcing tergantung negosiasi antara kedua belah pihak, jika diperpanjang maka persentase bagi hasil harus dievaluasi, jika tidak bisa dievaluasi maka kontrak tidak diperpanjang lagi. Dengan demikian KSO dapat menjadi alternatif pilihan.

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ABSTRACT

Comparison Outpatient Hemodialysis Patient Between Outsourcing System And Join Operational System Consideration Cost Factor And Hospital Policy At Puri Cinere Hospital In 2013 is a description of comparison outpatient at Puri Cinere Hospital.

This Study is to compare the advantage and disadvantage hemodialysis service in outsourcing system and join operational system, to determine outpatient average cost unit in outsourcing sistem undergo at Puri Cinere Hospital, to determine average outpatient cost unit in join operational system to become alternative choice, to determine which system give more advantage to Puri Cinere Hospital between outsourcing system and join operational system, to determine hospital policy to undergo hemodialysis service. This study uses a case study with partial economic evaluation approach. A quantitative approach is done by calculating cost unit that become the basic of determining of hemodialysis tariff. A qualitative approach is done by deep interview to gain information about the basic choice undergo outsourcing system and futher plan after the end of the outsourcing period.

The result showed that building investment is the highest cost in investment cost, and non medic investment is the lowest cost in investment cost. Total cost of hemodialysis in outsourcing system in 2013 is higher than join operational system. The actual cost and the normative cost unit of hemodialysis service with outsourcing system is lower than Puri Cinere Hospital hemodialysis service tariff. The same condition happen in Join Operational system. Cost Recovery Rate (CRR) in outsourcing system is lower (109.06%) than CRR in Join Operational System (121.63%), The Illustration above shows that the Join Operational System give more advantage compare to outsourcing system. Hospital policy to hemodialysis service after the end of the period with outsourcing depends on negotiation between two sides, and must be evaluated especially in terms of cost sharing. The result of this negotiation could become a basic to take a further decision."

"Kecamatan Carita terletak di wilayah pesisir yang berbatasan langsung dengan Selat Sunda. Tsunami Selat Sunda yang terjadi tahun 2018 merupakan tsunami yang disebabkan oleh longsoran di bagian tenggara Gunung Anak Krakatau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat kerusakan fasilitas sosial ekonomi yang disebabkan oleh Tsunami Selat Sunda 2018 dengan tingkat kapasitas masyarakat Kecamatan Carita. Tingkat kerusakan fasilitas sosial ekonomi, tingkat kapasitas masyarakat, serta hubungan antara keduanya dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilengkapi dengan skoring dan pembobotan. Desa yang mengalami tingkat kerusakan fasilitas sosial ekonomi paling tinggi yaitu Desa Pejamben dengan skor 2,5, sedangkan desa yang mengalami tingkat kerusakan paling rendah yaitu Desa Sindanglaut dengan skor 0,7. Tingkat kapasitas masyarakat paling tinggi dimiliki oleh Desa Sindanglaut dan Desa Sukajadi dengan skor 2,5, sementara itu desa yang memiliki tingkat kapasitas masyarakat paling rendah dengan skor 1,6 yaitu Desa Banjarmasin. Hubungan antara tingkat kerusakan fasilitas sosial ekonomi dengan tingkat kapasitas masyarakat akan menghasilkan dampak keseluruhan terhadap kejadian tsunami. Hubungan tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa desa dengan tingkat kapasitas tinggi memiliki kecenderungan mengalami tingkat kerusakan fasilitas sosial yang lebih rendah. Dampak Tsunami Selat Sunda tahun 2018 paling tinggi terjadi di Desa Banjarmasin dengan skoring 1,4375. Desa Sindanglaut mengalami dampak paling rendah dengan skoring dampak 0,28. Terdapat 3 desa yang tidak terdampak oleh Tsunami Selat Sunda 2018 yaitu Desa Cinoyong, Kawoyang, dan Tembong.

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Carita District is located in a coastal area which is directly adjacent to the Sunda Strait. The Sunda Strait tsunami that occurred in 2018 was a tsunami caused by a landslide in the southeastern part of Mount Anak Krakatau. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of damage to socio-economic facilities caused by the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami and the level of community capacity in Carita District. The level of damage to socio-economic facilities, the level of community capacity, and the relationship between the two were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive method equipped with scoring and weighting. The village that experienced the highest level of damage to socio-economic facilities was Pejamben Village with a score of 2.5, while the village that experienced the lowest level of damage was Sindanglaut Village with a score of 0.7. Sindanglaut Village and Sukajadi Village have the highest level of community capacity with a score of 2.5, meanwhile the village that has the lowest level of community capacity with a score of 1.6 is Banjarmasin Village. The relationship between the level of damage to socio-economic facilities and the level of community capacity will produce an overall impact on the tsunami occurrence. This relationship can be stated that villages with a high level of capacity have a tendency to experience lower levels of damage to social facilities. The highest impact of the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami is occurred in Banjarmasin Village with a score of 1.4375. Sindanglaut Village experienced the lowest impact with an impact score of 0.28. There are 3 villages that were not affected by the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami, namely Cinoyong, Kawoyang, and Tembong Village."