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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pengaruh kombinasi teknik relaksasi sistematik dan terapi analgesik terhadap rasa nyeri pasien pasca bedah abdomen di RS Haji Jakarta. Disain penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan pendekatan pretest posttest group design. Sampel berjumlah 46 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Kelompok intervensi menerima terapi analgesik dan teknik relaksasi sistematik dan kelompok kontrol menerima analgesik standar. Peneliti mengajarkan teknik relaksasi sistematik lewat walkmann kepada pasien kelompok intervensi dan pasien mempraktikkan teknik tersebut pada periode preoperasi. Setelah pembedahan pasien mendengarkan instruksi relaksasi melalui walkmann selama 15 menit, dua kali sehari selama dua hari. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk tidur telentang dalam posisi yang nyaman di tempat tidur, menutup kedua mata dan melemaskan bagian-bagian tubuh yang dimulai dari kaki, tungkai, paha dan terus bergerak ke bagian tubuh bagian atas hingga kepala. Pasien diajarkan untuk megendalikan nafas dan bersikap pasif agar merasakan relaksasi pada setiap langkah relaksasi. Pada akhir sesi, pasien diminta membuka mata dan tetap berbaring selama beberapa menit. Rasa nyeri diukur dengan menggunakan visual analogue scale (VAS). Evaluasi penelitian dilakukan pada hari kedua setelah intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata rasa nyeri sebelum intervensi antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol adalah berbeda tapi tidak bermakna (p=0,40), namun setelah intervensi terlihat berbeda secara bermakna antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol (p=0,004). Umur tidak mempengaruhi rasa nyeri pada pasien pasca bedah abdomen setelah mendapatkan intervensi analgesik ditambah teknik relaksasi sistematik (p=0,97), jenis kelamin berpengaruh terhadap rasa nyeri (p=0,008) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki merasakan nyeri lebih sedikit dibandingkan perempuan dan letak insisi mempengaruhi nyeri pasca bedah abdomen (p=0.09). Rekomendasi hasil penelitian adalah perawat sebaiknya memberikan edukasi tentang cara mengatasi nyeri pasca pembedahan abdomen pada periode pre operasi agar pasien dapat melakukannya secara mandiri.

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The aim of this study was to describe the effects of systematic relaxation technique combined to analgesic therapy on postoperative pain in post abdominal surgery patient in Haji Hospital. The design was an quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest group design. The subjects were forty six (n=46) patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The sampling methode was purposive sampling, a non probability sampling. The intervention group received analgesic and relaxation systematic technique. The control group was given analgesic routine. In the preoperative surgical ward, the researcher taught systematic relaxation to the subjects in intervention group with an introductory walkmann. Subjects practiced using the technique in the preoperative periode.

After surgery, subjects listened to relaxation technique on the walkmann during 15-minutes, two times a day for 2 days postoperatively. Patients were directed by walkmann instruction to lie down in comfortable position in bed, close their eyes, and relax each part of the body, starting with the feet, lower legs, hips and moving up to the head. Patient taught to control their breathing and to maintain a passive attitude and allow relaxation occuring at its own pace. At the end of the session, subjects were asked to open their eyes and lie quitely for a few minutes. Sensation of pain was assessed before and after the test on visual analogue scale (VAS).

No difference was found for pain before treatment using between the intervention group and control group (p=0,40). Changes in pain sensation after the test indicated significantly greater relief in the intervention group compared to the control group. Posttest pain scores were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the control group (p=0,004). Age did not affect pain sensation in post abdominal surgery patient after given anelgesic intervention combined with systematic relaxation technique (p=0,97). Sex affected pain sensation (p=0,008) and men may be less postoperative pain compared to women, and incisions site did not affected post abdominal surgery pain (p=0,09).

It's recommended to give education technique to alleviate pain in preoperative periode thus the patient can perform it independently after abdominal surgery."

"ABSTRAKMakalah ini membahas konstruksi perempuan dalam korpus majalah Mangl 1958 ndash;2013 dari sudut pandang linguistik korpus dan semiotik Barthes. Konstruksi perempuan itu dikaji berdasarkan bukti penggunaan lima kata dalam bahasa Sunda yang merujuk perempuan berdasarkan empat kerangka periode masa Demokrasi Terpimpin ndash;Reformasi . Analisis korpus menunjukkan bahwa perempuan cenderung dikonstruksi dengan identitas yang berbeda oleh setiap kata karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial dan budaya. Perempuan juga semakin digambarkan sebagai kelompok sosial yang mandiri dan berperan tidak hanya dalam ranah domestik, tetapi juga ranah publik. Analisis semiotik menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan perempuan yang ditandai dengan berbagai ekspresi baru untuk mengungkapkan makna perempuan adalah suatu pengembangan makna melalui jalur metabahasa. Sementara itu, munculnya pengertian baru yang diberikan kepada setiap kata karena perubahan nilai dan pandangan dalam masyarakat Sunda menunjukkan proses perluasan makna melalui jalur konotasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekerapan penggunaan kata yang melambangkan perempuan dan pola kemunculannya bersama kata-kata lain yang menyertainya secara berulang adalah upaya untuk menaturalisasi konsep perempuan melalui bahasa. Dengan memadukan linguistik korpus dan semiotik, proses menaturalisasi konsep perempuan itu dapat dilacak melalui bukti penggunaan bahasa dalam skala besar dan rentang waktu yang cukup panjang. Dengan demikian, konstruksi perempuan secara diakronis dapat dijelaskan secara lebih objektif dan terperinci.

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ABSTRACTThe paper examines the construction of women in the corpus of Sundanese Mangl magazine 1958 ndash 2013 from the perspectives of corpus linguistics and Barthes rsquo semiotics. The construction is studied based on the usage of five Sundanese nouns referring to women found in the corpus within four periods Guided Democracy ndash Reformation . The result of corpus analysis shows that women are constructed in various identities by every noun referring to them due to the influence of social and cultural factors. Women are getting portrayed as a social group that is more independent and has a significant role not only in the private spheres domestic domain , but also the public spheres. The result of semiotic analysis shows that the signification of women indicated by many expressions to signify them is the extension of meaning through metalanguage. In the meantime, a new sense given to every noun because of new values or perspectives in Sundanese society indicates the extension of meaning resulted from connotation process. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the frequency of nouns referring to women and the recurrent patterns of the noun co occurring with other words are the way that language naturalizes the concept of women. By combining corpus linguistics with Barthes rsquo semiotics, the process of naturalizing the concept of women is possible to be examined through a large quantity of linguistic evidence in within a quite long time span. As a result, the construction of woman in the corpus of Mangl can be explored diachronically in a more objective and detailed way."

"ABSTRACTAmidst the debates over the most appropriate Indonesian term for woman, the present research examines the use of the gendered terms perempuan and wanita The aim of this research is to reveal which term is more preferable and how the terms are used of talk about women. Using corpus-based approach, this study compared the frequency and pattern of word usage of perempuan and wanita obtained from two corpora, namely lndoneslanWac and ind_mlxed_2013. The research used a mixed-method design in which quantitative analysis was used to identify word frequency and to measure significant collocation, while qualitative analysis was used to determine meanings on the basis of semantic preference. The study reveals that the term wanita tends to be more frequently used than the term perempuan to signify woman. In terms of meaning, both terms are used to talk about women in relation to their body (especially their reproductive functions), other people (particularly men), family, and age. The difference ls that perempuan tends to be used to talk about women in relation to gender equality and organization, tends to focus on women sexual relationship. Furthermore, results strongly indicate that perempuan tends to denote women in relation to their roles in public domain, whereas wanita tends to denote women in relation to their roles in domestic domain."