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"Berangkat dari asumsi bahwa minimnya informasi visual sangat berpengaruh terhadap tingginya resiko terjadinya kecelakaan, maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperaleh gambaran mengenai perilaku pengendara ketika berkendaraan di jalan dalam kandisi berbeda. Secara khusus peneiitian dilakukan dalam kondisi pada saat kendaraan memasuki persimpangan. Sejumlah subjek diminta untuk mengemudikan sebuah kendaraan studi sepanjang jalan yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan alat perekam gerakan mata (Eye Mark Recorder) yang dipasangkan di kepala. Alat yang digunakan adalah Eye Mark Recorder NHC V yang dapat mencatat secara terpisah gerakan masing-masing bola mata dan menerjemahkannya kedalam notasi berbeda untuk mata kiri dan mata kanan. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa untuk gerakan mata tiap mili second berdasarkan variasi objek yang di Iihat, waktu tatap maupun frequensinya. Hasil analisa kemudian dihubungkan dengan aspek keselamatan dan resiko kecelakaan."

"The high accident number that prevail in most developing countries and big countries have always been an indication of lack of appropriate program on traffic safety, though this may not imply the absence of such. It has been commonly accepted that developing countries face a complicated problem when it comes to the handling of low quality of traffic safety. Such problems even escalate in big countries such as China, Indonesia and India. There are no fixed formula when it comes lo traffic safety as the case will be very local and typical in each country and productive set of measures in a country may not be applicable in other countries of similar size and problems. Out of the varying discrepancies, problematic countries do have some common needs in terms of improvement of conditions. Seven Asian countries with severe traffic safely conditions: Bhutan, The Philippines, China, Indonesia, India, Nepal, Mongolia are compared in this paper and problems are identified to lead to an appropriate possible measures which are expected to be representative. Underlying problems are identified, classified and analyzed. A proposed scheme of Traffic Safety Programme is then formulated, out of which a further development is made to form an action plan."

"A median is required for a two-way road to separate the opposite traffic and prevent head-on collisions. In road capacity calculation, the median factor contributes in terms of its existence regardless of the difference in median types. Road capacity is determined by a number of geometric factors such as road types, width of carriageway, shoulder/curb characteristics, and the presence/absence of medians, etc. The contributions of these factors are represented by the coefficients in the capacity calculations. Despite the different types of medians, the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) does not adopt different coefficients to accommodate the effects in the capacity. The aim of this study is to obtain an adjustment factor for road capacity calculation based on median types. The method of this study adopts video recordings of real traffic moving along three different types of medians: raised medians, fenced medians, and line medians. As it is assumed that the effects of different median types are expressed in the vehicles’ safety distances from medians, the capacity of the road will also vary by types of medians. The adjustment coefficients for roads with raised medians, fenced medians, and line medians obtained are: 0.79, 0.78, and 0.81, respectively. The results of this study confirm that in addition to the presence of the medians, the types should essentially be considered in calculating the road capacity. The result of this study will contribute to the enrichment of the road capacity calculation in the IHCM."

"Accident prone locations refer to locations having or susceptible to having, a greater than average number of accidents which are represented by outstanding figures of repetitive accident occurrences along the roads. Any appropriate application of remedial safety treatments will require ­an in-depth study to find the accident causations and the possible contributing factors. The present study adopts the combined approach of Systems Theory which proposes that accidents are the result of maladjustments in the interaction between the components of complex systems, and the Causal Accident Theory which tries to find the real causes of accidents by probing the events leading to each accident in detail. The case study was conducted at Gringsing Roundabout in Central Java and the intersecting roads, the data of which reveal a high frequency of accidents. The data were analyzed using cross tabulations to produce first-hierarchy and second-hierarchy accident causations. Results indicate that geometric features, as the predominant factors, lack compliance with the standards. The remedial safety treatment therefore focuses on geometric redesigning of the roundabout in compliance with geometric standards and traffic demand. A major change, in conjunction with other hazard reduction schemes along the roads, is also proposed to the existing roundabout. The proposed changes are expected to mitigate or remove the possible accident causes, thus reducing accident occurrences."

"Hubungan antara kecepatan dengan kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan ranah penelitian yang banyak dilakukan dengan berbagai pendekatan. Berbagai studi telah dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi seberapa besar perubahan kecepatan rata-rata terhadap jumlah kecelakaan dan tingkat keparahannya dengan menggunakan berbagai definisi variasi kecepatan. Karakteristik kecepatan yang timbul akibat heterogenitas lalu lintas belum banyak diperhitungkan dalam berbagai penelitian. Dengan pendekatan heterogenitas kecepatan, kecepatan tidak dilihat sebagai besaran tunggal melainkan terdiri dari berbagai karakteristik kecepatan menurut jenis kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model keselamatan lalu lintas dengan heterogenitas kecepatan dimana kinerja keselamatan dinyatakan dalam bentuk indeks Accident Modification Factor (AMF). Heterogenitas kecepatan mengacu pada kecepatan beberapa kategori kendaraan. Jenis data meliputi data lalu lintas, volume dan geometrik jalan dari 18 jalan di 8 provinsi di Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Selatan, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, NTB, NTT dan Bali. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada beberapa sub topik yang berkaitan dan juga secara independen menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Terdapat enam kategori kendaraan yang digunakan dalam studi ini, yakni: mobil, paratransit, pikap, bus, truk dan sepeda motor. Pengelompokkan ini didasari pada karakteristik fungsi dan perilaku kecepatannya serta keberadaanya di jalan antar-kota. Untuk mendapatkan efek langsung dan efek tidak langsung dari lalu lintas yang heterogen, volume, kecepatan dan deviasi standar kecepatan menurut kategori kendaraan, kondisi permukaan jalan dalam bentuk nilai IRI, serta kondisi geometrik jalan dianalisis sebagai variabel prediktor fatality rate dan accident rate. Structural Equation Modelling digunakan agar dapat dikembangkan persamaan simultan dimana tiap persamaan memiliki variabel eksplanatori bersama, tetapi tidak ada variable yang sekaligus merupakan variabel dependen. Pemodelan hubungan antara perubahan kecepatan dengan jumlah kecelakaan (no. of accidents) dan korban (no. of injuries) dilakukan dengan mengadopsi power model. Accident Modification Factor merupakan transformasi hubungan kecepatan dengan fatality rate, accident rate, jumlah kecelakaan (no. of accidents) dan jumlah korban (no. of injuries) dalam bentuk rasio sebagai indikator keselamatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada jalan dengan lalu lintas campur, pendekatan heterogenitas kecepatan menghasilkan model yang dapat digunakan dalam evaluasi keselamatan jalan dengan melihat efek perubahan kecepatan kendaraan kategori tertentu. Bagian-bagian dari penelitian ini merupakan satu kesatuan yang dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan program peningkatan keselamatan jalan pada jalan antar kota di Indonesia.

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The relationship between speed and traffic accidents is the domain of research that is widely modelled with various approaches. Various studies have investigated how the average speed changes with the number of accidents and the severity using various definitions of speed variation. The speed variations used vary by definition, and speed is generally regarded as a single speed representing all types of vehicles. The characteristics of speed arising from traffic heterogeneity have not been widely taken into account in various studies. With the approach of speed heterogeneity, speed is not seen as a single magnitude but instead consists of various speed characteristics according to the vehicle types. Speed heterogeneity can be seen from the speed and standard speed deviation of a vehicle category. This research aims to develop a traffic safety model with speed heterogeneity. Safety performance is expressed in the form of Accident Modification Factor (AMF) index. The data types include traffic data, road volumes and geometrics from 18 roads in 8 provinces in Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, NTB, NTT and Bali. This study focuses on several related sub-topics and independently addresses research issues to get a complete picture of the characteristics of speed, geometry, and accidents.. Structural Equation Modelling is used to develop simultaneous fatality rate and accident rate equations with shared explanatory variables, but no variable is at once a dependent variable. The relationship between the average speed of vehicles per category as dependent variables lies in the correlation between errors of each equation. Traffic volume, speed and standard deviation of speed by vehicle category, road surface conditions in the form of IRI values, and geometric conditions of roads are hypothesized as variable predictors of fatality and accident rates, and the direct effects and indirect effects of heterogeneous traffic are analyzed. Modelling the relationship between speed changes with the number of accidents and victims is done by adopting a power model. Accident Modification Factor is a transformation of speed relationship with fatality rate, accident rate, number of accidents and number of victims in ratios as an indicator of safety. The results of the analysis showed that on roads with mixed traffic, the approach of speed heterogeneity resulted in a model that could be used in road safety evaluation by looking at the effect of vehicle speed changes in certain categories. Parts of this study can contribute to the development of road safety improvement programs on intercity roads in Indonesia"