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"ISPA adalah penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit menular di dunia, tingkat mortalitas sangat tinggi pada bayi dan anak-anak terutama di negara-negara berkembang (WHO, 2008). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan jumlah sampel adalah 66 responden. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian ISPA di ruang rawat RSAB Harapan Kita berdasar faktor risiko tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan Balita yang menderita ISPA di RSAB Harapan Kita adalah 53% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 71,2% usia1-3 tahun, 89,4% berat badan lahir normal, 68,6% pemberian ASI tidak Eksklusif dan 90,9% mendapatkan imunisasi. Ibu Balita yang menderita ISPA di RSAB Harapan Kita umur terendah 23 tahun, tertinggi 47 tahun, pendidikan tinggi 90,9%, tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang ISPA 78,8% baik, dan 54,5% di dalam keluarga terdapat anggota keluarga yang merokok. Saran perlu diadakannya pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya ASI Eksklusif dalam mencegah ISPA serta bahaya bagi balita yang terpapar asap rokok.

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ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) is the mayor cause of mortility and morbidity of the infection desease in the word, the highest mortility in baby and children especially in development country. This research aimed to identify description of ARI among children under five years old in RSAB Harapan Kita based on its predisposition risk in 2013. This research used simple descriptive design and the number of sample was 66 respondents. The result showed that 53% of the respondents were boys, 71,2% aged at 1-3 years old, 89,4% had normal birth weight, 68,6% had not exclusively breastfed, and 90,9% had a complete immunization status. The mothers were aged between 23-47 years old, 90,9% had high level education, and 78,8% of them had a good knowledge about (ARI). As much as 54,4% of the family member were smoker. It is suggested to do health education about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and the dangerous for children if they exposed smoke of cigarette."

"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah retrovirus RNA yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit klinis, dikenal sebagai Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan prenatal dan postnatal ibu dengan HIV dan pengobatan ARV terutama di daerah perkotaan. Berdasar hasil pengkajian pada kasus ibu dengan HIV dan pengobatan ARV, didapat masalah prenatal cemas, gangguan pola tidur dan risiko infeksi. Masalah postnatal nyeri akut, risiko infeksi dan diskontinuitas pemberian ASI. Intervensi keperawatan yang diberikan meliputi mengajarkan tehnik relaksasi nafas dalam, melakukan pencegahan infeksi (universal precaution), membantu klien melakukan mobilisasi dini, mengajarkan cara pemberian susu formula. Hasil karya ilmiah ini menyarankan institusi pelayanan kesehatan untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada ibu dengan HIV secara holistik dan komprehensif.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is RNA retrovirus that couse clinical illness, called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to provide an overview of prenatal and postnatal nursing care in mother with HIV and ARV medication. Based on the results of the assessment in the case Of mother with HIV and ARV medication, the symptoms that found are anxiaty, sleep pattern disturbance and risk of infection. Postnatal problem are acute pain, risk of infection, and discontinuity of breast feeding. Nursing intervention provided include teach relaxation technic deep breathing, doing universal precaution, help client doing early mobility, teach how to give formula milk. Results of this paper suggest to health care institution to give holistic and comprehensif nursing care for mother with HIV."

"Latar Belakang: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) adalah jenis kanker yang paling umum pada anak-anak dan sering menjadi penyebab kematian. Pneumonia adalah salah satu infeksi serius yang mempengaruhi prognosis dan kelangsungan hidup anak dengan ALL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat keparahan pneumonia pada anak dengan ALL.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan consecutive sampling pada 103 responden. Data retrospektif diambil dari rekam medis anak dengan ALL yang terdiagnosis pneumonia di RSAB Harapan Kita dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda.Hasil: Dari 103 anak dengan ALL, 61,2% mengalami pneumonia berat. Mayoritas responden adalah bayi dan balita (53,4%), 56,3% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 55,7% memiliki status gizi tidak normal, 53,4% berada pada fase pengobatan induksi, 61,2% menggunakan terapi kortikosteroid 3-5 hari sebelum dan saat terdiagnosis, 58,3% pernah menerima transfusi darah, 90,3% tipe ALL B, 57,3% mengalami neutropenia, 80,6% anemia dan 83,5% memiliki kadar CRP tidak normal. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan status gizi, fase pengobatan, terapi kortikosteroid dan kadar CRP berhubungan dengan tingkat keparahan pneumonia pada anak anak dengan ALL. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan variabel status gizi (OR 3.024, 95% CI: 1.216-7.522) dan kadar CRP (OR 8.337, 95% CI: 2.29-30.348) berhubungan dengan tingkat keparahan pneumonia setelah dikontrol oleh variabel fase pengobatan (OR 1.588, 95% CI: 0.433-5.826) dan terapi kortikosteroid ( OR 1.855, 95% CI: 0.493-6.978)Kesimpulan: Anak dengan ALL yang menjalani kemoterapi berisiko tinggi mengalami pneumonia berat. Sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap infeksi ketika anak dengan ALL berada dalam fase induksi, terutama jika mereka telah menggunakan terapi kortikosteroid selama 3-5 hari sebelumnya dan memiliki status gizi yang tidak normal (gizi kurang atau gizi lebih).

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Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in children and a leading cause of mortality. Pneumonia is one of infection that significantly affects the prognosis and survival of children with ALL. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the severity of pneumonia in children with ALL.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used consecutive sampling of 103 respondents. Retrospective data were collected from the medical records of children with ALL diagnosed with pneumonia at RSAB Harapan Kita from 2018 to 2023, using the SMART System. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.

Results: Among 103 children with ALL, 61.2% experienced severe pneumonia. The majority of respondents were infants and toddlers (53.4%), 56.3% were male, and 55.7% had abnormal nutritional status. Additionally, 53.4% were in the induction treatment phase, and 61.2% had received corticosteroid therapy 3-5 days before and at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, 58.3% had received blood transfusions, 90.3% had ALL type B, 57.3% experienced neutropenia, 80.6% had anemia, and 83.5% had abnormal CRP levels. Bivariate analysis indicated that nutritional status, treatment phase, corticosteroid therapy, and CRP levels were associated with the severity of pneumonia in children with ALL. Multivariate analysis showed that nutritional status (OR 3.024, 95% CI: 1.216- 7.522) and CRP levels (OR 8.337, 95% CI: 2.29-30.348) were associated with pneumonia severity after controlling for treatment phase (OR 1.588, 95% CI: 0.433-5.826) and corticosteroid therapy (OR 1.855, 95% CI: 0.493-6.978).

Conclusion: Children with ALL undergoing chemotherapy are at high risk of severe pneumonia. It is crucial to increase vigilance against infections when children with ALL are in the induction phase, especially if they have received corticosteroid therapy in the preceding 3-5 days and have abnormal nutritional status (undernutrition or overnutrition)."