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"Latar belakang: Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) merupakan tanaman yang sedang dikembangkan aktivitasnya sebagai antikanker. Salah satu senyawa aktifnya adalah Lunasin. Permasalahannya harga lunasin komersial sangat mahal karena biaya sintesis lunasin yang besar dan lama. Pada penelitian ini akan dikembangkan sediaan ekstrak tertarget Lunasin (ET-Lun) dengan tujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas antikanker payudara ET-Lun secara in silico dan in vivo.Metode: Uji In silico, senyawa aktif pada kedelai sebagai ligan dilihat ikatannya terhadap protein ERα, ERβ, HER2, dan EGFR. Pengujian in vivo dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok kuratif dan preventif. Pada kelompok kuratif, tikus SD diinduksi dengan DMBA 20 mg/kg BB sebanyak 11 kali, 2 kali dalam seminggu kecuali kontrol normal (NOR). Setelah terbentuk nodul dengan volume 1-2 cm3, tikus diberikan perlakuan selama 8 minggu dengan tamoksifen 10 mg/kg BB (TAM), ET-Lun 500 mg/kg BB (ET- Lun), kombinasi ET-Lun dan tamoksifen (ADJ). Pada kelompok kontrol negatif (DMBA) pertumbuhan tumor diamati selama 8 minggu. Kelompok preventif (PREV), diberikan ET-Lun 1 minggu sebelum, selama, dan setelah induksi DMBA selama 24 minggu. Setelah perlakuan, tikus diterminasi, dan diambil tumornya. Volume tumor diukur, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan eskpresi ERα, ERβ, HER2, dan EGFR secara imunohistokimia dan qPCR.Hasil: Uji in silico menunjukkan Genistein dan Lunasin mempunyai afinitas terbesar terhadap ERα, ERβ, dan EGFR. Uji in vivo menunjukkan ET-Lun kelompok preventif dapat menekan pertumbuhan tumor sebesar 80%, sedangkan kelompok kuratif, terjadi perlambatan pertumbuhan tumor dibandingkan kelompok DMBA yaitu 0,31 kali pada kelompok ET-Lun; 0,37 kali pada tamoksifen; dan 0,15 kali pada kelompok adjuvan selama 8 minggu perlakuan. Secara molekuler, ET-Lun kelompok preventif dan kuratif dapat menurunkan ekspresi protein dan mRNA ERα, serta ekspresi protein EGFR jika dibandingkan kelompok DMBA. Kesimpulan: ET-Lun berpotensi sebagai kandidat antikanker pada pencegahan dan perlambatan karsinogenesis payudara tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA.

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Background: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a plant that is being developed for its anticancer activity. One of the active compounds is Lunasin. The problem is that the price of commercial lunasin is very expensive because of the high cost of synthesizing lunasin and it takes a long time. In this study, the soybean extract with targeted lunasin (ET-Lun) will be developed with the aim of proving the anti-breast cancer activity of ET-Lun in silico and in vivo.

Method: In silico study, the active compounds in soybean as a ligand was seen for their binding to ERα, ERβ, HER2, and EGFR. In vivo assay, the rat was randomized into 2 major groups, namely curative and preventive groups. In the curative group, the SD rats were induced with DMBA 20 mg/kg BW 11 times, 2 times a week, except for normal controls (NOR). After forming nodules with a volume of 1-2 cm3, the rats were treated with tamoxifen 10 mg/kg BW (TAM), ET-Lun 500 mg/kg BW (ET-Lun), a combination of ET-Lun and tamoxifen (ADJ), for 8 weeks. For negative controls (DMBA), tumor growth in rats was observed in 8 weeks. In the preventive group (PREV), was given ET- Lun 1 week before, during, and after DMBA induction for 24 weeks. After treatment, all the rats were terminated, and the tumors were taken. Tumor volume was measured, and ERα, ERβ, HER2, and EGFR expression were examined by immunohistochemistry and qPCR.

Results: In silico study showed the Genistein and Lunasin had the greatest affinity for ERα, ERβ, and EGFR. In vivo study showed ET-Lun in the preventive group could suppress tumor growth by 80%, while in the curative group, ET-Lun could delay tumor growth by 0,31 times DMBA, tamoxifen 0,37 times DMBA, and adjuvant group 0,15 times DMBA, in 8 weeks of treatment. Molecularly, ET-Lun in the preventive and curative group, could decrease the expression of ERα protein and mRNA, as well as the expression of EGFR protein when compared to the DMBA group. Conclusion: ET-Lun has potential as an anticancer candidate for the prevention and delays of tumor growth in the DMBA-induced breast cancer rat model."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien Fluor Albus (FA) yang datang berobat ke RSCM, mengetahui etiologi yang tersering pada FA, mengetahui hubungan manifestasi klinik/keluhan dengan etiologi FA, mengetahui perbedaan pola pengobatan FA oleh dokter dari Departemen Obstetri Ginekologi dan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Kulit kelamin, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengobatan FA, mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian pengobatan dengan standar terapi yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi deskriptif dan analitik dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penyakit fluor albus ditemukan pada 17,6% pasien karena tertular melalui hubungan seksual dan 82,4% pasien pada klinik obstetrik-ginekologi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa penyakit FA banyak terjadi pada penderita kelompok umur reproduktif. Pekerjaan umumnya sebagai ibu rumah tangga (IRT), dengan status marital menikah. Keluhan yang banyak diberikan adalah gatal, duh tidak berbau atau berbau asam, duh berwarna putih kuning dan kental. Penyebab FA terbanyak adalah Kandidiasis vaginalis. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara keluhan/manifestasi klinik dengan FA. Hubungan bermakna ini terlihat pada FA yang disebabkan oleh kandidiasis vaginalis dan bakteriosis vaginalis. Terdapat perbedaan pola pengobatan FA berdasarkan etiologi (kandidiasis dan bakteriosis) antara dokter dari Departemen Obstetri Ginekologi dan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Kulit kelamin. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola pengobatan FA oleh dokter Departemen Obstetri Ginekologi dan Ilmu Penyakit Kulit kelamin adalah: faktor keluhan, etiologi, faktor risiko, dan penyakit penyerta. Faktor umur, pekerjaan dan status marital secara statistik, tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna. Tingkat kesesuaian antara pengobatan dengan standar terapi obat untuk FA di RSCM cukup rendah, dimana sebagian besar pasien diobati secara empiris.

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The objectives of this study were to know (1) Patients? characteristics (2) The most etiology of leucorrhoea (3) Association between clinical manifestations or genital symptoms with etiology of leucorrhoea (4) Therapy management of leucorrhoea by obstetric-gynecologist and venereologist (5) Factors influenced the treatment of leucorrhoea (6) Compliance with hospital therapeutic guidelines. The study was cross sectional and retrospective. A total of 437 patients hospitalized from January 2006-December 2007 were included. The results showed that leucorrhoea was found in 17,6% of patients at sexually transmitted disease clinic and 82,4% of patients at obstetric-gynecology clinic. The majority of patients were in productive age, married, and housewife, with most of genital symptoms were pruritus and curd-like vaginal discharge. The most of etiology leucorrhoea in this study was candidiasis. Statistically, there were association between genital symptoms with candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis (p<0,05). The specific genital symptoms of candidiasis were pruritus and curd-like vaginal discharge, whereas for bacterial vaginosis were homogeneous and increased vaginal discharge. There were different treatments of vaginal discharge between obstetric-gynecologist and venereologist. For candidiasis, the obstetric-gynecologist preferred to use fluconazole, and metronidazole+nystatin (Flagistatin®); whereas the venereologist used clotrimazole and itraconazole. For bacterial vaginosis, obstetric-gynecologist used clindamycin and metronidazole+nystatin (Flagistatin®), while venereologist preferred to use metronidazole. For trichomoniasis there was no different treatment between obstetric-gynecologist and venereologist. In pregnancy, antibiotics used to treat leucorrhoea were clindamycin, fluconazole, metronidazole+nystatin (Flagistatin ®), metronidazole, and nystatin. Prescribing compliance with the hospital therapeutics guidelines were 37,8%. The type of antibiotics used were azitromycin, clindamycin, clotrimazole, doxycycline, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and metronidazole. Statistics analysis by Logistic regression (Cl 95%) showed that factors influenced the treatment of leucorrhoea included genital symptoms (OR = 0,975), risk factors (OR = 0,917), etiology (OR = 1,103), and comorbid diseases (OR =1,387)."