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"The term "Inflammatory Bowel Disease" (IBD) is frequently used to denote two diseases, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). This condition is frequently recorded in the West, and along with development of diagnostic facilities, is beginning to be more commonly found in Indonesia.The etiology of this disease is still unclear, but it is suspected that environmental, geographic, and genetic factors are involved. Cytokines play a great role in the pathogenesis of IBD, where in IBD there is an unbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibitor cytokines. In IBD, there is an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and alpha TNF in the intestinal mucosa. Such increase significantly correlates with the activity of ulcerative colitis through endoscopic examination,At this moment, forms of therapy for IBD associated with cytokines are being developed, such as ways to inhibit cytokine synthesis, cytokine release, cytokine activity and the cytokine signaling pathway in the target cell."

"Karsinoma hepatoselular (KHS) masih menjadi masalah utama di seluruh dunia, terutama dalam hal diagnosis dan penatalaksanaannya. Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) merupakan biomarker potensial dalam mendiagnosis KHS. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji nilai titik potong terbaik AAG sebagai biomarker diagnostik KHS dengan sirosis hati.Penelitian ini merupakan studi diagnostik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasien KHS dengan sirosis hati, sebagai kontrol pasien sirosis hati saja. Baku emas yang digunakan adalah USG abdomen dan CT scan abdomen degan kontras 3 fase, bila perlu dilakukan biopsi hati. Semua subjek diperiksa AAG, kemudian dianalisis dengan ROC dan dikaji beberapa titik potongnya.Subjek terdiri dari 25 pasien KHS dengan sirosis hati dan 37 pasien sirosis hati sebagai kontrol. Dari seluruh pasien KHS dengan sirosis hati, 92% laki-laki, 8% perempuan, sebagian besar berusia diatas 50 tahun (72%). Etiologi terbanyak adalah infeksi HBV (56%) dan sebagian besar dijumpai nodul multiple (80%). Dengan menggunakan ROC, didapatkan AUC sebesar 81,44%. Titik potong terbaik untuk mulai mewaspadai KHS dengan sirosis hati adalah 61 mg/dl dan untuk diagnostik adalah 136 mg/dl.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major problem throughout the word, especially in diagnostic and management of therapy. Previous study stating that Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) was a potensial biomarker in diagnostic of HCC. This study will assess the best cut-off value of AAG as a diagnostic biomarker of HCC with liver cirrhosis

This study was a diagnostic study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were HCC with liver cirrhosis patients and as a control were liver cirrhosis patients. The abdominal ultrasound, the abdominal 3 phase contrast CT scan and liver biopsy (if necessary) were the gold standard in this study. All subject were examined AAG, then analyzed by ROC curve and assess of some cut-off value.

Subject consisted of 25 HCC with liver cirrhosis patients and 37 liver cirrhosis patients as a control. HCC with liver cirrhosis patients were 92% of men and 8% of woman. Most of subjects were over 50 years old (72%). HBV infection was the most etiology and found multiple nodul in the liver (80%). ROC curve evaluation showed, the AUC value were 81,44%. From this study, the best cut-off value to be aware of HCC with liver cirrhosis patient was 61 mg/dl and as a diagnostic was 136 mg/dl."