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"ABSTRAKINTRODUCTION: Diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180million cases worldwide. Nutritional changes are one of the key aspects in the management oftype 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetariandiets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationshipis not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whetherplant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet.METHODS: A comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initialsearch results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets byCenter of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford.RESULTS: One systematic review and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusioncriteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,HbA1c reduction was significantly greater in the plant-based group compared to conventionaldiet group in participants who did not change medications after 22 weeks of follow up (P=0.01).Similarly, there was also a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c level in the plant-based groupafter 72 weeks (P=0.03). Furthermore, consumption of plant-based diet was associated with asignificant reduction in HbA1c (P=0.001).CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c reduction was greater in patientswith plant-based diet compared to patients with conventional diet. Further research should beconducted with larger sample size and fasting blood glucose as the main outcome."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktif (GPPH) adalah gangguan neurobehavioral ditandai dengan gejala kurangnya perhatian, sifat hiperaktif, dan impulsif. GPPH adalah gangguan perilaku yang paling sering didiagnosis pada anak dan apabila tidak teridentifikasi dan ditangani pada anak usia sekolah akan mengakibatkan dampak pada perkembangan sosial dan kognitif. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah penting untuk mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda awal GPPH untuk orang tua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktif (GPPH) dengan tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan orang tua pada anak-anak usia sekolah di Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilaksanakan di beberapa sekolah dasar di Jakarta pada bulan Januari 2012. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang diberikan kepada orang tua dari siswa SD di Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 17 dan uji statistik dan nilai kemaknaan p<0,05 dari analisis chi-square. Hasil: Lima puluh koma tiga persen orang tua dengan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai GPPH yang tinggi berasal dari kelompok orang tua dengan tingkat pendidikan yang tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik dari hubungan tingkat pengetahuan tentang GPPH dan tingkat pendidikan pada orang tua (p = 0,01). Untuk orang tua yang bekerja, dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu, 31,3% dari seluruh ibu yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi adalah ibu yang tidak bekerja, sementara hanya 14% dari ibu yang bekerja yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang GPPH dan pekerjaan orang tua (p = 0,005). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai GPPH dengan tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan orang tua. Selain itu, sebagian orang tua mempunyai tingkat pendidikan yang tinggi mengenai GPPH.

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorder in school-age children and if it remains unidentified and untreated, it will affect the social and cognitive development of the children. Therefore, it is essential to identify the early signs of ADHD for the parents. The aim of this study is to know the relationship between knowledge level of ADHD and education level and employment status of the parents in school-age children in Jakarta.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in several elementary schools in Jakarta in January 2012. The data was collected through structured questionnaires given to parents of elementary school students in Jakarta. The data analysis was done by using SPSS 17 and analytical study with significancy value of p <0.05 in chi- square method.

Results: The results of this study showed that 50.3% of parents with a high knowledge level comes from the parents with high education level. There are significant differences in the relationship between knowledge level about ADHD and education level of the parents (p = 0.01). For employed parents, in this study were mothers, 31.3% of all mothers who have a high knowledge level is the mother who are unemployed, while only 14% of employed mothers who have high knowledge level. There are significant differences in the relationship between knowledge level about ADHD and employment status of the parents (p = 0.005).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the knowledge level about ADHD and education level and employment status of the parents. In addition, most of the parents have high knowledge level about ADHD."

"ABSTRACTBackground: diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180 million cases worldwide. Nutritional adjustment is one of the key aspects in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian diets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationship is not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whether plant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet. Methods: a comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016 using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initial search results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets by Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Results: one systematic review and two RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c signicantly yielded greater reduction inBackground: diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180 million cases worldwide. Nutritional adjustment is one of the key aspects in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian diets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationship is not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whether plant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet. Methods: a comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016 using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initial search results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets by Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Results: one systematic review and two RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c signicantly yielded greater reduction inBackground: diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180 million cases worldwide. Nutritional adjustment is one of the key aspects in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian diets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationship is not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whether plant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet. Methods: a comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016 using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initial search results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets by Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Results: one systematic review and two RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c signicantly yielded greater reduction inBackground: diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180 million cases worldwide. Nutritional adjustment is one of the key aspects in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetarian diets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationship is not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whether plant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet. Methods: a comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016 using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initial search results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets by Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford. Results: one systematic review and two RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c signicantly yielded greater reduction in the plant-based group compared to conventional diet group after 22 weeks of follow up. Similarly, there was a statistically greater reduction in HbA1c level in the plant-based group after 72 weeks. Furthermore, consumption of plant-based diet was associated with a signicant reduction in HbA1c. Conclusion: in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c reduction was greater in patients with plant-based diet compared to patients with conventional diet. Further research should be conducted with larger sample size and longer follow-up period."