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"Filariasis (infeksi oleh cacing filaria) memiliki angka kejadian tinggi dan dampak cukup serius di dunia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara endemik filariasis. Penyebab filariasis tersering dan dengan sebaran terluas di dunia adalah Wuchereria bancrofti. Pada filariasis, tubuh memberikan respon imun adaptif selular berupa peningkatan aktivitas sel Th2 dan supresi sel Th1. Pada kehamilan terjadi perubahan regulasi sistem imun, namun respon imun adaptif selular terhadap cacing ini belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik respon imun adaptif selular pada ibu hamil yang terinfeksi Wuchereria bancrofti dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil sehat. Desain yang digunakan adalah Cross - Sectional dengan data sekunder dari penelitian induk berjudul "Pola Respon terhadap Antigen Tetanus Toxoid dari Bayi yang Lahir dari Ibu dengan Infeksi Cacing", yang dilakukan di Kelurahan Jati Sampurna dan Jati Karya, Jawa Barat. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester ketiga (n = 63). Dasar penentuan status infeksi Wuchereria bancrofti adalah pemeriksaan Immunochromatography. Respon imun selular yang dianalisa adalah kadar IFN - γ (sel Th1) dan IL - 5 (sel Th2). Pengukuran kadar IFN - γ dilakukan dengan Luminex dan IL - 5 dengan ELISA. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa kadar IFN - γ dan IL - 5 pada ibu hamil dengan infeksi Wuchereria bancrofti lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p = 0,01 untuk kadar IFN - γ; p = 0,015 untuk kadar IL-5) dibanding ibu hamil sehat. Setelah stimulasi antigen filaria, tampak bahwa kadar IL - 5 lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan IFN - γ (p=0,00). Disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan respon imun adaptif selular pada ibu hamil dengan infeksi Wuchereria bancrofti dibandingkan pada ibu hamil sehat, dengan kadar IL - 5 cenderung lebih tinggi daripada IFN - γ.

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Filariasis (infection caused by filarial) have a high prevalence and quite serious impact in the world. Indonesia is one of endemic country. Wuchereria bancrofti is the most frequent in causing infection and the most widely distributed in world. The adaptive cellular immune response in filariasis shows that Th2 cell's activity is stimulated and the Th1 cell's is suppressed. There is a change in regulation of immune response during pregnancy and cellular adaptive immune response toward Wuchereria bancrofti infection during pregnancy has not been discovered yet. This study aimed was to know the profile of adaptive cellular immune response in pregnant women with Wuchereria bancrofti infection compared to healthy pregnant women. This study used Cross - Sectional design with secondary data from the parent study, entitled "Immune Response Against Tetanus Vaccination in Worms Infected Pregnant Women", which was done at Jati Sampurna and Jati Karya Village, West Java. Subject of this study was pregnant women in third trimester (n=63). Wuchereria bancrofti infection status defined by Immunochromatography test. Cellular immune response was analized based on level of IFN - γ (Th1 cell) and IL - 5(Th2 cell). Level of IFN - γ counted with Luminex and IL - 5 counted with ELISA. The result showed the level of IFN - γ and IL - 5 in pregnant women with Wuchereria bancrofti infection is significantly higher than healthy pregnant women (with p = 0,01 for IFN - γ; p = 0,015 for IL - 5). After stimulated by filarial antigen, appeared that level of IL - 5 is significantly higher than IFN - γ (p = 0,00). In conclusion, there is a significant elevation of adaptive cellular immune response in pregnant women with Wuchereria bancrofti infection than healthy pregnant women, with level of IL - 5 is higher than IFN - γ."

"Latar belakang: Sindrom nefrotik (SN) idiopatik merupakan penyakit glomerulus dengan proteinuria akibat peningkatan permeabilitas glomerulus. Transferin merupakan salah satu protein yang keluar di urin dan dapat mengganggu homeostasis besi. Keadaan ini dapat menyebabkan defisiensi besi dan anemia defisiensi besi (ADB). Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan status besi, transferin urin, proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan remisi. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan remisi usia 1-18 tahun di RSCM. Pengukuran status besi menggunakan Hb,MCV, MCH, Ret-He, SI, TIBC, ferritin, dan saturasi transferin. Pengukuran transferin urin menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hasil: Terdapat 65 subyek, dengan 32 pasien SN idiopatik aktif dan 33 pasien remisi. Kadar SI antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 60,7±33,5 µg/dL dan 84,6±35,3 µg/dL (p<0,05). Kadar TIBC antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 220±90,7 µg/dL dan 309,4(±47,7) µg/dL (p<0,05). Kadar transferin urin antara kelompok aktif dan remisi adalah 435,3(7,7-478,4) ng/mL dan 23,4 (0-358) ng/mL (p<0,05). Proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada kelompok aktif adalah 7(21,9%) dan 5 (15,6%) subyek, sedangkan pada kelompok remisi adalah 4(12,6%) dan 1(3%) subyek. Perbedaan proporsi tersebut tidak bermakna (p=0,04; RR 2,47; IK95% 0,98-6,23). Kesimpulan: Kelompok SN idiopatik aktif memiliki nilai SI dan TIBC yang rendah serta transferin urin yang tinggi. Proporsi defisiensi besi dan ADB pada kelompok SN idiopatik aktif lebih tinggi walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease in children, which cause increased glomerular permeability resulting in proteinuria. Transferrin is one of the protein that is excreted in the urin, thus disturbing iron homeostasis and may lead to iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Objective: To know the differences in iron status, urinary transferrin, and the proportion of ID and IDA in children with active and remission idiopathic NS.

Methods: A cross-sectional design study was conducted on patients with active and remission idiopathic NS aged 1-18 years at RSCM. Measurement of iron status using Hb, MCV, MCH, Ret-He, SI, TIBC, ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Measurement of urinary transferrin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Result: There were 65 study subjects, with 32 patients with active idiopathic NS and 33 subjects were in remission.The SI levels between the active and remission groups were 60.7±33.5 g/dL and 84.6±35.3 g/dL (p<0.05). The TIBC levels between the active and remission groups were 220±90.7 g/dL and 309.4(±47.7) g/dL (p<0.05). The median of urinary transferrin levels between the active and remission groups were 435.3(7.7-478.4) ng/mL and 23.4 (0-358) ng/mL (p<0.05). The proportions of ID and IDA in the active group were 7(21.9%) and 5(15.6%) subjects, while in the remission group were 4(12.6%) and 1(3%) subjects. Nonetheless the difference were not statistically significant (p=0.04; RR 2.47; CI95% 0.98-6.23).

Conclusion. Active idiopathic NS had significant lower values of SI and TIBC, and higher urinary transferrin levels. The proportion of ID and IDA in the active group was higher, although not significant."