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"This thesis continues the same research last year with a different condition. It presented a numerical study of the improvement of solt soil using columnar inclusions with Fixed Base End Condition In this new condition the inclusions are assumed reach rock like layer condition. Review of analytical studies has been concentrated to British Standard BS8006, modified Terzaghi theorem, and arching theorem Numerical model in this study is using FLAC3D code to generate 3D model. The materials properties uses in this model refer to typical values. Some of important design variables have been considered in our parametric study. The most efficient platform thickness is 1m for loading 3OkPa or more, in point of view to minimize the proportion stress on soft soil or to maximize ratio of load transferred to columns. Optimal area ratio A, is in range from 5% to 10% its depends on the considered parameters, but 10% is acceptable for most parameters. Study of stress distribution on column indicate that the negative friction will act on top part of column in any level of loading. Due to the mechanism of stress distribution, inclusion system could settle as a group. The maximum of stress reduction ratio S, and stress concentration ratio E, is obtained for the same value as Terzaghi analysis."

"Dalam tugas akhir ini akan dilakukan suatu studi mengenai sifat mekanis dari batu baia, yang dimulai dari pengukuran ukuran, massa jenis, nilai absorpsi dari batu bata. Penelitian lalu dilanjutkan sampai kepada uji kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, kuat geser, dan modulus of rupture. Pada bagian awal dari skripsi mi dijelaskan tentang latar belakang, perumusan masalah, metode penulisan, maksud dan tujuan penulisan, dan sistematika pembahasannya. Lalu dibahas mengeuai pengujian destruktif pada batu bata, yang dimulai dengan pengukuran sifat fists dari batu bata yang meliputi pengukuran angka pori, kemudian diuji sifat mekanis dari batu bata yang dimulai dari uji kuat tekan, uji fleksural/flexure test, uji kekuatan geser/, dan uji modulus elastisitas, peraturan yang digunakan dalam peugujian splitting ini antara lain peraturan yang berasal dari ASTM Standards on Masonry, SKSNI, SNI, dan metode pengujian batu bata yang berasal dari LPMB (Lembaga Penyelidikan Masalah Bangunan). Rincian dari peraturan diatas dapat dilihat dalam daftar pustaka. Dari basil pengukuran didapatkan ukuran rata-rata dari batu bata untuk menentukan kualitas dari batu bata termasuk ke dalam yang mana. Dari pengukuran ini juga didapatkan massa jenis dari batu bata yang ada. Dari angka absorpsi yang didapatkan akan digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana batu bata menyerap air. Seperti yang sudah disebutkan diatas dalam uji kuat tekan digunakan dua metode yaitu metode ASTM & Metode LPMB. Metode ASTM di bagi dua yaitu dengan capping dm tanpa capping. Sedangkan dalam metode LPMB terhadap benda unnya dilakukan perendaman dan material batu bata. Selanjutnya dibahas mengenai hasil pengujian dan anahsa terhadap hasil pengujian baik pengujian silat fisik maupun mekanik. Pembuhasan meliputi basil uji kuat tekan dan hasli modulus of rupture/modulus kehancuran menurut cara ASTM. Benda uji yang digunakaa dalam uji modulus off rupture im berupa batu bata utuh yang diletakkan pada dua perletakk-ati dai'i best. Uii kuat geser dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel batu bata berbentuk silinder yang bentuknya menyerupai benda uji silinder dari beton. Uji modiilus elastisitas menggunakan benda usi batu bata yang berbentuk silinder seperti benda uji untuk geser & Uji Modulus of Rupture menggunakan benda uji berupa batu bata utuh. Dari keseluruhan peneliriun telah diperoleh _ifat mekanis daii batu bata secara destruktif dan non destruktif Dalam hai ini penelitian yang penulis lakukan dtlakukan secara destruktif. Pada daftar pustaka dari skripsi ini juga diberikan referensi duri penulis uiituk nielakukan peneiitiun dan penulisan slaipsi ini. Setelah itu diakhin dengan lanipiran data hasil peiielitian, peraturati yang dsgunakaii, dan lain-lain.

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In this final project will be done a study about the mechanism characteristics on brick, which begin by density measurement and brick's absorption measurement. Then this observation will be continued to compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, shear strength, and modulus of rupture measurements. In the beginning of this final project will be explained about the background, problem statement, writing method, the reason and objective of this project, and the system of explanation. Later, the author will discuss about the destructive method testing on brick, which covered about porosity, and then about the mechanism characteristics on brick which began by compressive strength, flexure test, splitting, and modulus of elasticity testing. The standards which being used in this splitting testing consist of : ASTM Standards on Masonry, SKSNI, SNI and LPMB. The detail from the standards above can be seen in the list of references. From the size measurement the author can get the average sizes from the brick to judge the quality of the brick into its category. From this size measurement, the author can get also the relative density of the existing bricks. From the absorption number which found will be used to find out how much the brick will absorb water. As mentioned above in the compressive strength the author will used two methods which are the ASTM method and LPMB method. The ASTM method will be divided in two, which are with capping and with no capping methods. For the LPMB method the author will soak the brick specimen first before doing the compressive strength testing. Next the author will discuss about the solution of the testing and their analysis towards their physics and mechanics characteristics. The discussion will cover about compressive strength and modulus of rupture results according to ASTM standards. The specimen that is being used in this modulus of rupture testing will be a piece of full sized brick. From the whole of this research will be found the mechanism characteristics of the brick with destructive and non destructive methods. In this research the author use destructive methods. From the references in this final project will be given the list of references which are being use by author in doing this research. After that, this final project will be ended with the appendix and ASTM standard that being used for compressive strength, and etc."

"Disertasi ini membahas kenaikan respon spektrum gempa akibat update SNI 1726:2019 dan adanya penemuan sesar Baribis di selatan Jakarta pada tahun 2016.Fondasi bangunan yang sudah ada selama ini didesain untuk berperilaku elastik dan tidak mengalami kerusakan atau kegagalan terhadap gempa, oleh karena itu untuk bangunan existing yang berada di wilayah Jabodetabek maupun wilayah lainnya perlu dilakukan asesmen struktur fondasi existing untuk mengecek kinerja struktur fondasi terhadap peraturan gempa yang terbaru dan meningkatnya percepatan gempa dan respon spektrum di Jabodetabek akibat adanya sesar tersebut, hanya saja untuk struktur bawah belum ada peraturan yang mengatur untuk asesmen pada fondasi. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk model asesmen struktur fondasi. Didalam laporan disertasi ini dilakukan penelitian tentang penemuan sesar Baribis di selatan Jakarta dan mengenai model asesmen terhadap fondasi bangunan existing akibat peningkatan respon gempa yang disebabkan oleh keberadaan sesar tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif berupa analisa numerik yang dilakukan dengan bantuan software finite element.

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This dissertation discusses the increase in the earthquake response spectrum due to the update of SNI 1726: 2019 and the discovery of the Baribis fault in the south of Jakarta in 2016. The existing building foundations have been designed to behave elastically and not experience damage or failure in earthquakes, therefore for buildings existing structures in the Jabodetabek area and other areas need to assess the existing foundation structure to check the performance of the foundation structure against the latest earthquake regulations and increased earthquake acceleration and spectrum response in Jabodetabek due to the presence of the fault, it's just that there are no regulations governing the substructure assessment on the foundation. For this reason, further research is needed for the foundation structure assessment model. In this dissertation report, research is conducted on the discovery of the Baribis fault in southern Jakarta and the assessment model of existing building foundations due to increased earthquake response caused by the presence of the fault. This research is quantitative in the form of numerical analysis carried out with the help of finite element software."