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"This book presents new research on gender-based violence in Southeast Asia, bringing together varied scholarly work in law, policy, and practice. It enables a greater understanding of violence against women as an international concern, highlighting particular issues that arise in the region. Against a background of international obligations to ensure women's rights through laws and policies that are geared at ending violence against women and girls, this research documents the state failures, individual shame and fear, and societal culture that collectively affects the reporting, investigation, prosecution of perpetrators, and protection of victims. The research explores differing legal mechanisms both internationally, and within nation states, relating to cases of physical and sexual violence. It recognizes the need for functioning mechanisms to ensure women can report their cases safely and be provided with protective and therapeutic services in a way that is systematic, effective, and measurable. Laws and court decisions are analyzed, crisis and safety centers are examined, and in-depth interviews are conducted with actors and NGOs with relevant roles and functions in the mechanism of cases of violence against women. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the incalculable harm it does within Southeast Asian society, and the obstacles it presents for law enforcement. The chapters uncover mechanisms with unique characteristics across Southeast Asia, providing a nuanced understanding of the cultural and social backgrounds, as well as the religious structures, that can both help and hinder suitable frameworks. It is relevant to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in law, criminology, and gender sociology.“This is a valuable contribution towards empowering the women of South East Asia out of victimhood to valued equality, involvement in governance and leadership through the elimination of violence and discrimination and an excellent resource not just for those working in this field but for those involved in law making, the media and the people of South East Asia.”- Professor Felicity Gerry QC, Barrister at Crockett Chambers Melbourne and Libertas Chambers, London, and Professor of Legal Practice at Deakin University and Honorary Professor at Salford University."

"Kekerasan berbasis gender telah diakui sebagai penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia, dengan perempuan dan anak perempuan sering menjadi korban. Menggabungkan teori agensi Kabeer dan konsep resistensi Crann dan Barata, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang agencyperempuan dan strategi mereka melawan kekerasan dalam konteks film Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Melalui analisis tekstual dari narasi, adegan, karakter, dan dialog dalam percakapan dengan konsep agency perempuan dan perlawanan, penelitian ini berusaha untuk menantang pemahaman konvensional tentang perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan berbasis gender yang seringkali dipandang sebagai korban pasif. Penulis berpendapat bahwa agensi perempuan dalam kedua film tersebut sangat penting dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk memerangi penindasan. agency mereka mencakup pasif seperti polos dan mematuhi pelaku dan respon aktif, seperti memutuskan pendekatan terbaik untuk keadaan tertentu sebagai strategi mereka. Selain itu, analisis menemukan bahwa agency bisa mengubah perempuan dari korban menjadi penyintas dengan mengaktifkan dan melatihnya untuk memerangi kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada studi tentang kesetaraan gender dalam film.

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Gender-based violence has been recognized as an abuse of fundamental human rights, with women and girls frequently being the victims. Incorporating Kabeer's theory of agency and Crann and Barata's resistance concept, this research examines female agency and their strategies for fighting violence in the context of the movies, namely Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Through a textual analysis of the narratives, scenes, characters, and dialogue in conversation with the concept of female agency and resistance, this study seeks to challenge the conventional understanding of women and girls who encounter gender-based violence that are often viewed as passive victims. The author argues that the female agency in both films is crucial in developing the strategy to combat oppression. Their agency encompasses both passive as innocent and obeying perpetrators and active response, such as deciding on the best approach for particular circumstances as their strategies. In addition, the analysis found that female agency can transform women from victims to survivors by activating and exercising it to combat violence against women. This research contributes to the study of gender equality in movies."

"Aplikasi Bumble sebagai aplikasi kencan feminis dilengkapi dengan beberapa fitur perlindungan, namun normalisasi KBGO, manipulasi identitas, dan perbedaan motivasi pengguna masih menyuburkan KBGO pada perempuan. Studi-studi sebelumnya hanya memberikan pembahasan sampai pada topik mengenai bentuk- bentuk tindakan kekerasan yang mungkin terjadi di aplikasi kencan, namun penelitian ini turut membahas agensi perempuan dalam meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Peneliti berargumen bahwa subjektivitas agensi, diwujudkan dalam tindakan- tindakan yang dilakukan perempuan sebagai bentuk meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi digital. Informan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 6 orang perempuan yang sedang dan/atau pernah menggunakan aplikasi Bumble; berusia 22 hingga 27 tahun; dan pernah mengalami KBGO yang terjadi di Bumble maupun aplikasi lain yang difasilitasi oleh Bumble. Temuan dalam penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan menunjukkan agensi dalam berbagai tindakan untuk merespon KBGO yang terjadi, baik yang dilakukan secara publik maupun privat. Sherry Ortner mengungkap bahwa agensi perempuan didasari oleh subjektivitas yang berada dalam konteks formasi sosial dan budaya. Agensi perempuan tidak hanya berfokus pada perlawanan yang dilakukan, namun juga tentang bagaimana perempuan membuat dan mencari makna. Tentang apa yang dirasakan, dipikirkan, dan bagaimana perempuan meresponi kondisi KBGO yang menimpanya.

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The Bumble application as a feminist dating application is equipped with several protective features, but the normalization of KBGO, identity manipulation, and differences in user motivation still feed KBGO among women. Previous studies only provide discussion on the topic of forms of violent acts that may occur on dating applications, but this research also discusses women's agency in responding to the KBGO they experience. Researchers argue that agency subjectivity is manifested in the actions carried out by women as a form of responding to the KBGO they experience. Data collection was carried out using an in-depth interview process and direct observation on the Bumble application. The informants in this study were 6 women who currently and/or have used the Bumble application; aged 22 to 27 years; and have experienced KBGO that occurs on Bumble or other applications facilitated by Bumble. The findings in the research show that women show agency in various actions to respond to KBGO that occurs, whether carried out publicly or privately. Sherry Ortner reveals that women's agency is based on subjectivity which is in the context of social and cultural formations. Women's agency does not only focus on the resistance carried out, but also on how women make and search for meaning. About what women feel, think, and how they respond to the KBGO conditions that befall them."

"Di Indonesia, Perempuan Pembela Hak Asasi Manusia (PPHAM) memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung hak asasi dan keadilan gender. Namun, mereka sering dihadapkan pada berbagai jenis kekerasan berbasis gender, yang membahayakan keselamatan dan kesejahteraan mereka. Keadaan ini diperparah oleh kurangnya perlindungan resmi negara; akibatnya, PPHAM harus bergantung pada mekanisme perlindungan informal dari keluarga, teman, dan komunitas. Studi ini menyelidiki pengalaman PPHAM dalam menghadapi kekerasan berbasis gender, serta upaya mereka untuk memperoleh perlindungan informal melalui aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode observasi partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis didasarkan pada teori burnout dan self-care oleh Gorski (2015) dan dinamika perlindungan informal dipahami melalui teori aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis Sweetman (2015). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPHAM menghadapi kekerasan fisik, psikis, finansial, dan digital yang mengancam keselamatan mereka selain kekerasan fisik dan psikologis. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perlindungan yang komprehensif dan inklusif bagi PPHAM serta pentingnya memperkuat mekanisme perlindungan informal berbasis solidaritas komunitas. Perlindungan informal yang diberikan oleh keluarga, teman, dan komunitas terbukti sangat penting dalam mendukung pemulihan PPHAM.

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In Indonesia, Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) play an important role in supporting human rights and gender justice. However, they are often exposed to various types of gender-based violence, which endangers their safety and well-being. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of official state protection; As a result, WHRDs must rely on informal protection mechanisms from family, friends and communities. This study investigates WHRDs’ experiences in facing gender-based violence, as well as their efforts to obtain informal protection through collective action and feminist solidarity. This research is qualitative research that uses participant observation and in-depth interviews. The analysis is based on burnout and self-care theory by Gorski (2015) and the dynamics of informal protection are understood through Sweetman's theory of collective action and feminist solidarity (2015). The research results show that PPHAM faces physical, psychological, financial and digital violence that threatens their safety in addition to physical and psychological violence. This research highlights the importance of comprehensive and inclusive protection for WHRDs as well as the importance of strengthening informal protection mechanisms based on community solidarity. Informal protection provided by family, friends and community has proven to be crucial in supporting WHRDs’ recovery."

"Sextortion adalah pemerasan yang dilakukan melalui jaringan komputer dan melibatkan beberapa ancaman untuk melepaskan gambar korban yang eksplisit secara seksual. Kejahatan ini merupakan kejahatan teknologi berbasis gender baru yang masih kurang diteliti di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran relasi gender dalam viktimisasi sextortion terhadap perempuan melalui pengalaman empat narasumber, yaitu AY, AP, I, dan WNS dengan menggunakan feminist radical theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendengar pengalaman para narasumber secara mendalam. Berdasarkan pengalaman para narasumber, diketahui bahwa relasi gender sangat berpengaruh dalam pembangunan nilai-nilai maskulinitas agresif dan budaya patriarkis. Hal ini dengan melihat aspek kontrol dan kekuasaan, perilaku seksisme, dan objektifikasi tubuh perempuan, dari pengalaman para narasumber. Penelitian ini juga melihat pengaruh online misogini terhadap kekerasan terhadap perempuan, serta melihat kontinum kekerasan seksual yang meliputi perilaku sextortion.

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Sextortion is a type of extortion carried out through a computer network and involves threats to release sexually explicit images of the victim. This crime is a new gender-based technology crime that is still under-researched in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to look at the role of gender relations in the victimization of sextortion against women through the experiences of four informants, namely AY, AP, I, and WNS using a feminist radical theory. This study uses qualitative methods to know more about the experiences of the informants deeply. Based on the experiences of the informants, it is known that gender relations are very influential in the development of aggressive masculinity values and patriarchal culture. This is done by looking at the aspects of control and power, sexist behavior, and the objectification of women's bodies, from the experiences of the informants. This research also looks at the influence of online misogyny on violence against women, and looks at the continuum of sexual violence which includes sextortion behavior."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan bahwa terdapat gender based hate speech dalam materi penampilan stand up comedy komika Ge Pamungkas selama ia mengikuti kompetisi Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Season 2 yang diselenggarakan oleh stasiun televisi swasta Kompas TV Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan analisis wacana terhadap transkrip dari 16 video penampilan Ge Pamungkas selama ia menjalani kompetisi Analisis terhadap video penampilan Ge Pamungkas tersebut menggunakan pemikiran Erving Goffman dalam bukunya yang berjudul Forms of Talk serta Judith Butler dalam buku berjudul Excitable Speech A Politics of The Performative dan Gender Trouble Feminism and The Subversion of Identity juga pemikiran femnisme radikal dalam buku Rosemarie Tong dalam bukunya berjudul Feminist Thought Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Ge Pamungkas melakukan gender based hate speech yang ia sisipkan pada materi stand up comedy nya dan menyalurkannya kepada para penonton yang mana hal tersebut dapat merugikan perempuan Gender based hate speech yang disalurkan Ge Pamungkas melalui penampilan stand up comedy nya juga semakin melanggengkan kebudayaan patriarki dalam masyarakat yang selalu mengobjektifikasi serta mengopresi perempuan Ge pamungkas menggunakan komedi lelucon sebagai kamuflasenya dalam melakukan gender based hate speech tersebut Melalui komedi lelucon penonton lebih mudah untuk menyerap segala informasi penuh kebencian terhadap perempuan yang disampaikan oleh Ge Pamungkas

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The purpose of this research is to show that Ge Pamungkas has brought a gender based hate speech on his stand up comedy's bits while he was competing in Stand Up Comedy Indonesia Season 2 held by Kompas TV This research uses a qualitative method by doing a discourse analysis for transcripts of all the Ge Pamungkas'sixteen videos The analysis uses Erving Goffman's thoughts from his book called Forms of Talks the idea of Judith Butler from her two books Excitable Speech A Politics of The Performative and Gender Trouble Feminism and The Subversion of Identity and also Rosemarie Tong's thought from her book Femnist Thought

The result of this research shows that Ge Pamungkas was doing a gender based hate speech through his stand up comedy's bits then delivered it to his audience which is harmful to women Gender based hate speech that Ge delivered through his stand up comedy's performance also perpetuate a patriarchal culture in society where women always being oppressed and objectified He used comedy or jokes as the camouflage so he could perform the gender based hate speech freely Through comedy or jokes it was easily for audiences to understand all of the hateful information about gender issues Ge has brought "

"Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kekerasan berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin pada Wanita Hamil yang Mengunjungi Klinik Antenatal di Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer Daerah Syangja, Nepal. Kehamilan dan kelahiran anak merupakan waktu rawan yang khusus untuk penganiayaan kekerasan karena perubahan fisik, sosial, emosi, dan kebutuhan ekonomi wanita selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang berkaitan dengan kekerasan berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada wanita hamil yang datang ke klinik ANC. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan pada 202 wanita hamil yang mengunjungi bagian antenatal PHC di daerah Syangja selama September 2014 hingga Desember 2014 menggunakan kuesioner semi terstruktur dengan wawancara tatap muka. Perangkat lunak SPSS digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Prevalensi GBV di antara wanita hamil diperoleh sebesar 91,1%. Variabel sosio demografik seperti suku, agama, usia responden, usia pernikahan, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan per tahun tidak berkaitan dengan pengalaman berbagai jenis GBV (p>0,05). Walaupun demikian, ada hubungan secara statistik antara pendidikan suami (p=0,03), usia kehamilan (p=0,039), dan jenis pernikahan (p=0,013) pada kasus kekerasan psikologis dan ekonomi walaupun tidak ada hubungan secara statistik dengan jenis kekerasan yang lain. Kesimpulannya, kekerasan berdasarkan jenis kelamin selama kehamilan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang paling utama di daerah Syangja, Nepal. Berdasarkan pada usia pernikahan, jenis pernikahan, dan pendidikan suami dapat mengurangi kekerasan berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada wanita hamil. Pemberdayaan wanita, kemandirian ekonomi, sensitisasi, kepedulian dan perlunya survei berdasarkan populasi skala besar merupakan rekomendasi utama penelitian ini.

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Pregnancy and childbirth were a time of unique vulnerability to violence victimization because of changes in women?s physical, social, emotional, and economic needs during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the factors associated with gender-based violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic (ANC). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 pregnant women attend antenatal ward of primary health care centre (PHC) of Syangja district during September 2014 to December 2014 by using semi-structure questionnaire with face to face interviews. SPSS software was used for analysis the data. The prevalence of gender based violence (GBV) among pregnant women was found to be 91.1%. The socio-demographic variables such as ethnicity, religious, the age of respondents, the age of marriage, occupation, and annual income had no association with the experience of different types of GBV (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically association between husband education (p=0.03), the age of marriage (p=0.039) and type of marriage (p=0.013) in case of psychological and economic violence whereas there was no statistically association between with other types of violence. In conclusion, gender based violence during pregnancy was a major prevalent public health problem is Syangja district of Nepal. Focus on age of marriage, types of marriage and education of husband may reduce gender based violence among the pregnant women. Women?s empowerment, economic autonomy, sensitization, awareness and needed of large-scale population-based surveys were the major recommendation of this study."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan pada remaja laki-laki. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 301 orang yang terdiri dari remaja laki-laki di komunitas umum dan remaja laki-laki di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Pengukuran paparan terhadap kekerasan menggunakan alat ukur KID-Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (KID-SAVE) (Flowers et al., 2000) dan pengukuran sikap terhadap kekerasan menggunakan alat ukur Attitudes Towards Violence Scale (ATVS) (Funk et al., 1999). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan pada remaja laki-laki (r = 0.442; p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.05). Artinya, semakin tinggi paparan terhadap kekerasan yang dialami seseorang, maka semakin positif sikapnya terhadap kekerasan. Analisis tambahan menemukan perbedaan paparan terhadap kekerasan dan sikap terhadap kekerasan yang siginifikan antara partisipan yang berada di komunitas umum dan di lembaga pemasyarakatan.

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This research was conducted to find the correlation between exposure to violence and attitude toward violence among adolescent boys. The participants of this research are 301 adolescent boys who lived in general community and correctional institution. Exposure to violence was measured using an adaptation of KID-Screen for Adolescent Violence Exposure (KID-SAVE) scale (Flowers et al., 2000) and attitudes toward violence was measured using an adaptation of Attitudes Towards Violence Scale (ATVS) (Funk et al., 1999).

The results showed that there is a significant correlation between exposure to violence and attitude toward violence (r = 0.448; p = 0.000, significant at L.o.S 0.01). That is, the higher the exposure to violence experienced, the more positive one’s attitude toward violence. Additional analysis also find significant differences in exposure to violence and attitude toward violence between participants who lived in general community and correctional institution."

"Artikel ini membahas mengenai peran keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Terdapat dua kelompok studi sebelumnya yang telah membahas ini. Kelompok studi pertama melihat faktor utama remaja menjadi pelaku kekerasan dikarenakan struktur dan fungsi keluarga yang tidak berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan, pada kelompok studi kedua memandang bahwa kelompok pertemanan menjadi faktor utama remaja sebagai pelaku. Kelemahan dari kedua kelompok studi sebelumnya adalah studi tersebut hanya menjelaskan pada satu aspek saja dan tidak melihat bahwa terdapat relasi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Berdasarkan pendekatan ekologi, argumen pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan dalam perilaku kekerasan remaja. Studi ini dilakukan di Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah pelaku kekerasan berusia 10-18 tahun dan tinggal di RPSA. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa relasi sendiri terlihat dengan adanya pandangan nilai kekerasan yang sama dari keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan yang mendorong remaja melakukan kekerasan. Selain itu, relasi keluarga dan kelompok pertemanan juga dilanggengkan dengan kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal, hubungan keluarga dengan lingkungan sekitarnya dan pekerjaan orangtua. Budaya kekerasan di tempat tinggal dan kebijakan pemerintah juga mempunyai implikasi pada perilaku kekerasan remaja.

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This article discusses about role of family and peer groups in adolescent as perpetrators of violence. There are two previous study groups that discussed adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The first group discussed that the main factor of adolescent become perpetrators of violence is because the instability stucture and family didn't do function of the family well. Meanwhile, the second group found that deviant peer is the main reason of adolescent become perpetrators of violence. The weakness from both previous studies are they're only explains from one point of view and didn't see that the two factors are essentially related.

Based on ecological approach, the argument in this study that there is a relations between family and peer groups in adolescents as perpetrators of violence. The study was conducted at the Rumah Perlindungan Sosial Anak and used a qualitative approach. The informants are adolescent between 10 18 years old who lives in RPSA. This research also used secondary data from previous studies.

This research found that the relation is seen from both family and peer groups point of view of violence that ecourage adolescent become prepetrator of violence. Neighborhood community context, family social networks, and parent's occupation context also effect adolescent as perpetrators of violence. Neighborhood's culture of violence and overnment policy also have contribution in adolescent as prepatrators of violence."