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"When psychologists need to see patients who have been admitted to a general medical hospital or are asked to see a patient in a general medical hospital, they must be aware of, and in compliance with, the rules governing consultation, privileging, and privacy. Psychological treatment for patients is an important part of the treatment of patients with medical conditions that may be exacerbated by psychosocial stressors, preexisting anxiety, or depressive symptoms. The role of the psychologist is to have an integrated role with the medical team and work with the patient in effectively managing these symptoms. Models for promoting psychological services to all patients, especially those who are medically ill, have emerged as one of the few growth areas in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)"

"When psychologists need to see patients who have been admitted to a general medical hospital or are asked to see a patient in a general medical hospital, they must be aware of, and in compliance with, the rules governing consultation, privileging, and privacy. Psychological treatment for patients is an important part of the treatment of patients with medical conditions that may be exacerbated by psychosocial stressors, preexisting anxiety, or depressive symptoms. The role of the psychologist is to have an integrated role with the medical team and work with the patient in effectively managing these symptoms. Models for promoting psychological services to all patients, especially those who are medically ill, have emerged as one of the few growth areas in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)"

"Latar Belakang: Rumah Sakit berfungsi melakukan upaya kesehatan dasar, kesehatan rujukanserta kesehatan penunjang yang dituntut mampu meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia,peralatan dan teknologi. Analisis biaya dalam hal ini, dapat digunakan untuk perhitunganperencanaan anggaran, pengendalian biaya serta subsidi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui biayasatuan tindakan Rehabilitasi Medik serta upaya efisiensi dalam menutup kesenjangan tarifRumah Sakit dengan tarif INA CBGs. Metode: Analisis biaya dilakukan pada 23776 tindakanantara lain: High Laser 5666, Dry Needling 708, Injeksi Intraartikular 3142, MWD 6313, TENS3845, US 185, Traksi 34, Parrafin 362, Inhalasi 137, berbagai jenis latihan (Fisioterapi Dewasa 147, Fisioterapi Anak 516, Terapi Wicara Dewasa 398, Terapi Wicara Anak 1477, OkupasiTerapi Dewasa 709, Okupasi Terapi Anak 137). Hasil: Total biaya tindakan sebesar Rp13.122.053.719,-. Kesenjangan paket biaya satuan dengan tarif INA CBGs untuk paket 2modalitas (TENS-MWD) sebesar Rp (337.339), paket Latihan Fisioterapi Anak sebesar Rp(344.196), paket modalitas dan latihan (TENS – OT dewasa) sebesar Rp (536.293), paket HighLaser sebesar Rp (554.803), paket Injeksi Intraartikular sebesar Rp (889.211). Kesimpulan:Adanya kesenjangan biaya satuan dengan tarif Rumah Sakit serta tarif INA CBG’s dapatmenjadi bahan evaluasi bagi Rumah Sakit untuk melakukan efisiensi.

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Background: The function of the hospital is to carry out basic health efforts, referral health andsupporting health which are required to be able to improve the quality of human resources,equipment and technology. Cost analysis in this case can be used to calculate budget planning,cost control and subsidies. Objective: To determine unit costs for Medical Rehabilitation andefficiency efforts in closing the gap of hospital rates and INA CBGs rates. Methods: Costanalysis was performed on 23776 procedures including: High Laser 5666, Dry Needling 708,Intraarticular Injection 3142, MWD 6313, TENS 3845, US 185, Traction 34, Paraffin 362,Inhalation 137, various types of exercise (Adult Physiotherapy 147, Children Physiotherapy516, Adult Speech Therapy 398, Children Speech Therapy 1477, Adult Occupational Therapy709, Children Occupational Therapy 137). Result: The total cost is IDR 13,122,053,719.-. Thedifference between the unit cost package and the INA-CBGs rate for the 2 modality package(TENS-MWD) is IDR (337,339), the Children's Physiotherapy Training package is IDR(344.196), High Laser for IDR (554,803), Intraarticular Injection package for IDR (889,211).Conclusion: There is a gap in the unit cost with Hospital rates and INA-CBG's rates can beused as evaluation material for Hospitals to carry out efficiency."

"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of main didease that infects human kind and consitutes a serious health problem in community. As a consequency of their job ,health personel have gained higher risk to HBV infection...."

"Dokter adalah profesi yang terikat pada prinsip dalam etika kedokteran dan prinsip dasar yang tidak mengambarkan nilai atau tujuan komersil dari profesi kedokteran dalam melakukan praktik kedokteran. Akan tetapi tidak dipungkiri permintaan akan pelayanan jasa kedokteran semakin meningkat sehingga jumlah fakultas kedokteran maupun rumah sakit di Indonesia juga meningkat. Dalam lingkungan ASEAN profesi jasa kedokteran dalam perdagangan jasa dibentuk melalui MRA Praktisi Medis, yang dasar pembentukannya adalah Artikel VII GATS, yang lalu diatur kembali dalam Artikel V AFAS perihal pengakuan atas pendidikan dan pengalaman seseorang yang telah ditempuh atau diterima di suatu negara anggota oleh negara anggota lainnya yang menjadi negara tujuan. Meski MRA Praktisi Medis telah diakomodir oleh Perkonsil 157/2009 tentang Tata Cara Registrasi Dokter Warga Negara ASEAN yang akan Melakukan Praktik di Indonesia, UU 29/2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran, UU 44/2009 tentang Rumah Sakit dan aturan terkait lainnya di Indonesia, tidak semata-mata menyatakan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia membuka akses pasar bagi jasa kedokteran terutama dalam Modus 4 jasa kedokteran. Masing-masing negara anggota ASEAN telah mengatur persyaratan dan kualifikasi untuk mendapatkan registrasi bagi praktisi medis asing untuk melakukan praktik kedoteran di negara tujuan dengan mengacu kepada MRA Praktisi Medis dengan menambahkan persyaratan tambahan yang dirasa perlu (necessary) berdasarkan prinsip domestic regulation. Hal ini dapat menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan MRA Praktisi Medis di Indonesia terutama kendala kemampuan bahasa. Akan tetapi diluar dari hambatan tersebut terdapat peluang pelaksanaan MRA Praktisi Medis yaitu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tenaga kesehatan di wilayah-wilayah Indonesia dan lapangan pekerjaan di dalam maupun luar negeri.

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Doctor is a profession that is bound by principles in medical ethics and basic principles that do not reflect the value or commercial objectives of the medical profession in practicing medicine. However, it is undeniable that the demand for medical services is increasing so that the number of medical faculties and hospitals in Indonesia is also increasing. In the ASEAN environment, the medical services profession in the service trade is formed through the MRA of Medical Practitioners, the basis of which is Article VII GATS, which is then rearranged in Article V AFAS regarding the recognition of one's education and experience that has been taken or received in a member country by member countries. others which are the destination countries. Although the MRA of Medical Practitioners has been accommodated by Perkonsil 157/2009 concerning Procedures for the Registration of Doctors for ASEAN Nationals to Practice in Indonesia, Law 29/2004 on Medical Practice, Law 44/2009 on Hospitals and other related regulations in Indonesia, are not simply stated that the Indonesian government opens market access for medical services, especially in Mode 4 of medical services. Each ASEAN member country has regulated the requirements and qualifications to obtain registration for foreign medical practitioners to perform medical practice in the destination country by referring to the MRA of Medical Practitioners by adding additional requirements deemed necessary based on the principle of domestic regulation. This can be an obstacle in the implementation of MRA Medical Practitioners in Indonesia, especially language skills constraints. However, apart from these obstacles, there are opportunities for the implementation of MRA for Medical Practitioners, to meet the needs of health workers in Indonesian regions and employment opportunities at home and abroad."