Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Insidens kasus tuberkulosis (TBC) anak di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 11,7% dari total kasus. Tidak semua individu terpapar TBC akan menjadi sakit, namun kemungkinan reaktivasi lebih tinggi pada anak , terutama pada anak di bawah lima tahun. Kontak serumah lebih berisiko. Studi menyatakan Vitamin D dan Seng berperan dalam peningkatan imunitas. Namun penelitian tentang pemberian suplementasi vitamin D dan Seng serta upaya perbaikan nutrisi dalam pencegahan infeksi TBC pada balita belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian infeksi TBC dengan pemberian suplementasi dan konseling diet pada balita kontakserumah TBC paru terkonfirmasi bakteriologis di DKI Jakarta. Kami melakukan penelitian quasi eksperimen pada balita kontak serumah TBC paru bakteriologis di 25 kecamatan di DKI Jakarta. Kelompok intervensi diberikan vitamin D 400-600 IU/hari dan Seng 10-20mg/hari tergantung usia selama 3 bulan serta konseling diet pada orang tua. Balita yang masuk dalam sampel adalah balita yang tidak terinfeksi dan atau sakit TBC, tidak gizi buruk, HIV negative dan tidak menderita penyakit kronis lain. Setiap bulan dilakukan recall diet 24 jam untuk mengukur nutrisi dan status gizi. Setelah 3 bulan akan dihitung balita yang terinfeksi dan tidak dengan menggunakan tes tuberculin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, insidens kumulatif infeksi TBC pada kelompok intervensi 5% sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 23%. Pemberian intervensi meningkatkan konsumsi vitamin D pada balita yakni dari 3 mcg menjadi 14,9 mcg dan Seng 3.8 mg menjadi 18.2 mg. Pada balita terinfeksi, konsumsi vitamin D dan Seng lebih rendah.

---

The incidence of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is estimated to be 11.7% of total TB cases. Not all individuals exposed to TB will become ill, but the likelihood of reactivation is higher in children, especially children under five years old. Household contacts are more at risk. Studies suggest that vitamin D and zinc play a role in boosting immunity. However, research on vitamin D and zinc supplementation and nutritional improvement efforts in preventing tuberculosis infection in children under five years of age has not been conducted. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation and dietary counseling in preventing TB infection in young children with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in DKI Jakarta. We conducted a quasi-experimental study among infants with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB home contacts in 25 subdistricts in DKI Jakarta. The intervention group received vitamin D 400-600 IU/day and Zinc 10-20mg/day depending on age for 3 months, as well as nutritional counseling for parents. Included in the sample were infants who were not infected and/or sick with TB, not malnourished, HIV negative, and not suffering from any other chronic diseases. A 24-hour dietary recall to measure diet and nutritional status was conducted every month. After 3 months, infected and uninfected children were counted using the tuberculin test. Based on the results of the study, the cumulative incidence of TB infection was 5% in the intervention group and 23% in the control group. The intervention increased vitamin D consumption in toddlers from 3 mcg to 14.9 mcg and zinc from 3.8 mg to 18.2 mg. Vitamin D and zinc intake was lower among infected infants."

"Polimorfisme gen reseptor vitamin D (RVD) merupakan kandidat genetik yang dapat menjelaskan rentannya suatu populasi terhadap tuberkulosis. Namun, hingga kini, sejumlah penelitian yang mencoba membuktikan hal tersebut menunjukkan hasil bervariasi pada berbagai populasi. Studi ini merupakan studi kasus-kontrol yang mengikutsertakan 35 pasien pascatuberkulosis paru (14 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan, median usia 40) serta 35 kontrol serumah (14 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan, median usia 39) yang tinggal di Nusa Tenggara Timur, salah satu provinsi di Indonesia dengan prevalensi tuberkulosis paru yang tinggi. Polimorfisme genetik diperiksa melalui metode polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi BsmI dari sampel darah yang diisolasi dan ditambahkan EDTA. Sebaran frekuensi genotipe BsmI RVD pada kelompok kasus adalah BB=9 (26%), Bb=24 (69%), dan bb=2 (5%) sementara pada kelompok kontrol adalah BB=5 (14%), Bb=25 (72%), dan bb=5 (14%) dengan p=0,232 (OR 2,07, IK 95% 0,62-6,98). Distribusi frekuensi alel pada kelompok kasus adalah B=42 (60%) dan b=28 (40%) sementara pada kelompok kontrol adalah B=35 (50%) dan b=35 (50%). Frekuensi alel varian (alel b) pada penelitian ini adalah 0,45. Distribusi genotipe pada penelitian ini tidak memenuhi persamaan Hardy-Weinberg. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara polimorfisme gen RVD terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru.

---

Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphism is a genetic candidate which may explain the susceptibility of tuberculosis (TB) in a single population. However, until now, some studies which had tried to prove this showed varied results in different populations. This is a case-control study involving 35 post pulmonary tuberculosis patients (14 males and 21 females, median age 40) and 35 healthy household controls (14 males and 21 females, median age 39) who dwelled in East Nusa Tenggara, one of the provinces in Indonesia with high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The genetic polymorphism was examined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with BsmI restriction enzyme from EDTA added-isolated blood sample. The distribution of VDR BsmI genotype frequency in case group was BB=9 (26%), Bb=24 (69%), and bb=2 (5%) whereas in control group was BB=5 (14%), Bb=25 (72%), and bb=5 (14%) with p=0.232 (OR 2.07, 95% CI 0.62-6.98). Furthermore, the distribution frequency of allele in case group was B=42 (60%) and b=28 (40%) whereas in control group was B=35 (50%) and b=35 (50%). Frequency of variant allele in this study was 0.45. Genotype distribution in this study did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. As conclusion, this study did not show any association between VDR gene polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

---

One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan berkurangnya sekresi hormon insulin, menurunnya sensitivitas insulin atau kombinasi keduanya. DM tipe2 merupakan salah satu jenis diabetes melitus yang paling banyak penyandangnya. Defisiensi vitamin D sering dikaitkan dengan kejadian DM tipe 2. Vitamin D merupakan salah satu vitamin yang berpotensi untuk memperbaiki sintesis dan sekresi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh suplementasi vitamin D 5.000 IU/hari selama 3 dan 6 bulan terhadap fungsi sel beta pankreas yang dilihat dari penanda antioksidan (SOD), inflamasi (IL-6), PDX-1, HbA1c dan resistensi insulin (HOMA-IR) serta keamanan pemberian vitamin D yang dilihat dari peningkatan kadar 25-(OH)D dan ekspresi VDR.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain double blind randomized controlled trial mengikutsertakan 94 penyandang DM tipe 2 dengan usia 35‒80 tahun di Puskesmas Kecamatan Mampang Jakarta Selatan. Hasil randomisasi terdapat 47 subjek kelompok kontrol dan 47 subjek kelompok vitamin D. Kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo sedangkan kelompok vitamin D mendapatkan plasebo dan vitamin D 5.000 IU selama 6 bulan. Studi dilakukan mulai bulan Januari─Desember 2022. SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, VDR, HbA1c, glukosa darah, insulin puasa, 25-(OH)D, HOMA-IR diperiksa pada awal penelitian, pascasuplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan. Analisis statistik dengan SPSS 20 menggunakan uji ANOVA general linear repeated measurement dan Mann Whitney.Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok vitamin D dan kelompok kontrol pada awal penelitian menunjukkan kedua kelompok setara baik pada karaktersitik demografis, laboratorium, dan asupan nutrien. Pascasuplementasi vitamin D selama 3 dan 6 bulan terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar 25-(OH)D (p = 0,000), tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna HbA1c dan glukosa darah (p = 0,360 dan p = 0,296) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar insulin pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,034 dan p = 0,013) serta perbedaan bermakna HOMA-IR pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,033 dan p = 0,031) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Kadar insulin pada kedua kelompok mengalami peningkatan tetapi peningkatan kadar insulin pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi. HOMA-IR pada kedua kelompok mengalami peningkatan tetapi peningkatan HOMA-IR pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi. Terdapatnya kadar insulin dan HOMA-IR yang lebih rendah pada kelompok vitamin D menunjukkan adanya perbaikan resistensi insulin.Untuk PDX-1 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,464 dan p = 0,499) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Vitamin D tidak terbukti meningkatkan SOD dan VDR serta tidak terbukti menurunkan IL-6.Simpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D 5.000 IU/hari selama 6 bulan dapat meningkatkan kadar 25-(OH)D dalam batas normal, serta dapat memperbaiki resistensi insulin melalui penurunan HOMA-IR dan penurunan sekresi insulin. Efek terhadap HbA1c, SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, dan VDR tidak terbukti.

---

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is caused by reduced insulin secretion, reduced insulin sensitivity, or a combination of the two. Type 2 DM is one of the types of diabetes mellitus with the greatest number of cases. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins with the potential to improve insulin synthesis and secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamin D at 5.000 IU/day for 3 and 6 months on pancreatic beta cell function from the perspective of antioxidant (SOD) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers, PDX-1 expression, HbA1c concentration, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the safety of vitamin D administration as shown by 25-(OH)D concentration and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. This study was a double blind randomized controlled trial involving 94 patients with type 2 DM aged 35‒80 years at Mampang District Public Health Center, South Jakarta. Randomization resulted in 47 subjects in the control group and 47 subjects in the vitamin D group. The control group received placebo whereas the vitamin D group received placebo and vitamin D at 5.000 IU for 6 months. The study was conducted from January‒December 2022. SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, VDR, HbA1c, blood glucose, fasting insulin, 25-(OH)D, and HOMA-IR were determined at baseline and after supplementation for 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis by SPSS 20 used ANOVA general linear repeated measurement and Mann-Whitney tests. Characteristics of study subjects in the vitamin D and control groups at baseline showed that both groups were similar in demographic characteristics, laboratory measures, and nutrient intake. After supplementation of vitamin D for 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in 25-(OH)D concentration (p = 0.000), but no significant differences in HbA1c and blood glucose (p = 0.360 and p = 0.296) between control and vitamin D groups. There were significant differences in insulin concentration after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.034 and p = 0.013) and significant differences in HOMA-IR after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.033 and p = 0.031) between control and vitamin D groups. Insulin concentrations increased in both groups but the increase insulin concentrations was higher in the control group. HOMA-IR increased in both groups but the increase in HOMA-IR was higher in the control group. The lower insulin concentrations and decreased HOMA-IR in the vitamin D group indicated improve insulin resistance. With regard to PDX-1 there were no significant differences after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.464 and p = 0.499) between control and vitamin D groups. Vitamin D was not proven to increase SOD and VDR, and was not proven to reduce IL-6.

Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D at 5.000 IU/day for 6 months was able to increase 25-(OH)D concentration within normal limits and was able to improve insulin resistance through reduction in HOMA-IR and decreased insulin secretion . Effects on HbA1c, SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, and VDR were not proven."

"Latar Belakang: Respons imun berperan pada kerentanan pasien talasemia terhadap infeksi. Defisiensi seng pada talasemia akan memperburuk respons imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil respons imun pasien talasemia mayor dan pengaruh suplementasi seng dan imunisasi pneumokokus pada respons imun pasien talasemia pasca-splenektomi.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Thalassemia RSCM, Jakarta pada September 2013 ? Februari 2014. Studi observasi dengan metode belah lintang komparatif pada talasemia mayor sehat usia > 12 tahun dan HIV negatif non- dan pasca-splenektomi mendahului studi intervensi dengan metode randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial pada talasemia pasca-splenektomi yang dialokasikan menjadi kelompok seng 1,5 mg/kg/hr maksimum 50 mg, atau plasebo. Dua jenis imunisasi pneumokokus diberikan untuk menguji fungsi limfosit T. Luaran yang diukur adalah respons imun non-spesifik (jumlah dan fagositosis neutrofil) dan respons imun spesifik (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Respons imun spesifik kualitatif mengukur produksi IgG pneumokokus, IL-2 dan TNF-α pasca pajanan PHA.Hasil Penelitian: Median fagositosis neutrofil kelompok pasca-splenektomi 29,79 (4 sampai 81)% dan kelompok non-splenektomi 55,83 (2 sampai 133)% (p < 0,001). Kelompok pasca-splenektomi mempunyai jumlah netrofil, limfosit total, jumlah limfosit T, jumlah limfosit T CD4+ dan CD8+ yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok non- splenektomi. Tidak ada perbedaan respons imun spesifik kualitatif yang bermakna di antara pasien talasemia mayor. Setelah intervensi, hanya 18 dari 28 subjek kadar seng serum kelompok seng yang menjadi normal. Walaupun fagositositosis neutrofil hanya berubah dari 31,36 (4 sampai 81)% menjadi 30,44 (3 sampai 72)% (p = 0,554), namun terdapat kecenderungan perbaikan fagositosis neutrofil pada kelompok seng. Parameter respons imun lainnya tidak menunjukkan perubahan antara kelompok seng dan plasebo selama penelitian 12 minggu (p > 0,05).Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan respons imun antara pasien talasemia pasca-splenektomi dan non-splenektomi. Belum dapat dibuktikan pengaruh suplementasi seng pada hampir semua parameter respons imun pasien talasemia mayor pasca-splenektomi. Seng mungkin dapat direkomendasikan sebagai suplementasi, tetapi perlu penelitian lanjutan mengenai dosis dan lama pemberian yang tepat untuk perbaikan respons imun pasien talasemia mayor pasca-splenektomi.

---

Introduction: Immune response plays a role in increasing thalassemia patient?s susceptibility to infections. Zinc deficiency in thalassemia patients will alter immune response. The aim of this study is to evaluate immune response of thalassemia major and zinc supplementation effects on immune response quality of post-splenectomy thalassemia major.

Methods: This study was conducted at Thalassaemia Centre, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta on September 2013 ? February 2014. An observational study using comparative cross-sectional method was done in healthy non- and post-splenectomy thalassemia major aged > 12 year and HIV negative. Then, it was followed by an interventional study using randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, on post- splenectomy subjects, which were assigned to receive 1.5 mg/kg/d maximum 50 mg/d zinc or placebo. Moreover, 2 type of immunization were also administered in order to assess T lymphocyte function. The outcomes were non-specific (neutrophil count and phagocytosis) and specific immune response (quantitave and qualitative). Qualitative specific immune response measured by detecting IgG pneumococcal, IL-2 and TNF-α after PHA exposure.

Results: Median of neutrophil phagocytosis on post-splenectomy and non-splenectomy were 29.79 (4 to 81)% and 55.83 (2 to 133)% (p < 0.001). Post-splenectomy subjects have higher neutrophil count, total lymphocyte count, lymphocyte T count, lymphocyte T CD4+ and CD8+ than non-splenectomy. There is no significant difference on qualitative specific immune response among thalassemia major. Following the intervention, only 18 out of 28 subjects of zinc group had normal plasma zinc. There was a trend of neutrophil phagocytosis improvement on zinc group despite a little shifting on those value, from 31.36 (range 4 to 81)% to 30.44 (3 to 72)% (p = 0.554). Other immune response parameters showed no different changes between two groups after 12 weeks supplementation (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: There were significant differences on immune response of post- splenectomy and non-splenectomy patients. The significant changes on almost all of immune response parameter after zinc supplementation have not been proved yet. Addition of zinc supplementation may be recommended, but it need further study to evaluate the dose and duration of supplementation to improve immune response in splenectomised thalassemia major patients."

"Seng (Zn) diketahui dapat menginduksi apoptosis terhadap galur sel kanker prostat (PC-3). Akumulasi selular Seng (Zn) memiliki efek langsung pada mitokondria yang menghasilkan pelepasan sitokrom c yang memicu apoptosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ialah mengevaluasi pengaruh Seng (Zn) terhadap viabilitas PC-3 dengan konsentrasi 10 µM, 15 µM, 20 µM, dan staurosporin sebagai kontrol pada waktu pemajanan 0, 6, dan 24 jam. Viabilitas sel-sel tersebut diukur dengan uji MTS. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan ketiga kelompok perlakuan. Namun, terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perlakuan stauropsorin dibandingkan kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Dengan demikian, konsentrasi Zn 10 µM, 15 µM, dan 20 µM pada pemaparan 0 jam, 6 jam, dan 24 jam belum dapat menurunkan viabilitas sel kanker prostat PC-3 secara signifikan.

---

Zinc (Zn), known to trigger apoptosis in prostate cancer line (PC-3), has direct effect on mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c leading to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Zinc in Prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) viability with concentrations of 10, 15, 20 µM, and staurosporine as a control, and exposure time of 0, 6, and 24 hours. The cell viability was assessed with MTS assay. There were no significant differences between control and treatment groups based on Kruskal Wallis test. However, there was significant difference between stauroporine treatment and negative control. In conclusion, Zinc (Zn) concentration of 10, 15, 20 µM and exposure time of 0, 6, and 24 hours were not sufficient to decrease significantly the viability of prostate cancer lines (PC-3)."

"Defisiensi kobalamin dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya donor metil yang berpotensi menggangu metabolisme jantung. Defisiensi kobalamin dapat terjadi pada pasien dengan malnutrisi, ulkus peptikum, diabetes melitus, dan alkoholisme. Berbagai studi pada defisiensi vitamin B12 masih berfokus pada aterogenesis dan stress oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi defisiensi vitamin B12 dengan penurunan fungsi jantung melalui gambaran EKG, ekspresi protein PGC-1α dan protein BNP. Empat belas tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan usia 24-28 minggu dibagi dalam 2 kelompok (kontrol dan perlakuan). Kelompok kontrol diberikan pakan standar dengan nutrisi lengkap, sementara kelompok perlakuan diberikan pakan AIN-93M termodifikasi defisien vitamin B12. Kedua kelompok diberikan pakan dalam periode yang sama yakni selama 16 minggu. Pada akhir minggu ke-16 dilakukan pemeriksaan EKG, pemeriksaan ELISA vitamin B12 plasma, Hcy plasma, ekspresi PGC-1α dan kadar BNP-45 plasma. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kadar vitamin B12 plasma, peningkatan kadar Hcy plasma disertai dengan penurunan ekspresi protein PGC-1α dan peningkatan kadar BNP-45 plasma. Pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan hasil tebal miokardium lebih besar dari kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok perlakuan juga didapatkan aritmia pada rekam EKG 2 dari 7 tikus. Terdapat korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan sedang antara penurunan ekspresi PGC-1α dengan peningkatan BNP-45 plasma. Defisiensi kobalamin terbukti menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme energi kardiomiosit yang ditandai dengan penurunan ekspresi protein PGC-1α dan berujung pada aritmia serta hipertrofi/pembesaran ventrikel kiri yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tebal miokardium dan peningkatan kadar BNP-45 plasma.

---

Cobalamin deficiency may cause lack of dietary methyl donors which alter heart metabolism. Cobalamin deficiency are common in patients with malnutrition, gastrics ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism. Most studies on cobalamin deficiencies are focused on its relationship with oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to find the corelation between cobalamin deficiency and heart function deterioration through analysis of ECG pattern, expression of PGC-1α protein, and plasma BNP-45 level. Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 24-28 weeks) were divided into 2 groups: control group and treatment group. The control group was given standard diet while the treatment group received a modified diet type AIN-93M. Both groups are fed with the same 16-weeks period. ECG and ELISA was performed to evaluate plasma vitamin B12, Hcy levels, expression of PGC-1α protein and plasma BNP-45 levels in each group at the end of the treatment period. At the end of study period, higher Hcy level was observed in the treatment group with lower plasma cobalamin followed by two rats has developed arrythmias and decreased expression of PGC-1α protein and also increased in plasma BNP-45 levels. There is a relatively strong correlation between deterioration of PGC-1α protein with the increased in plasma BNP-45 levels. Cobalamin deficiency has proven to alter cardiomyocites energy metabolism which resulted in arrythmia and tendency to developed left ventricular hypertrophy."

"Latar belakang: Pengendalian infeksi dan penelusuran kontak erat di tempat risiko tinggi seperti asrama merupakan hal penting untuk mengontrol penularan Tuberkulosis TB . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang untuk penelusuran household contact dengan pasien TB di satu asrama. Metode: Lima puluh tujuh mahasiswi perempuan berusia 20-22 tahun yang tinggal di satu asrama dengan pasien TB paru BTA positif selama lebih dari 3 bulan. Subjek dianamnesis mengenai gejala dan riwayat TB, riwayat BCG lalu diperiksakan foto toraks, sputum Xpert M.TB Rif dan uji Interferon gamma release assay IGRA . Penelitian ini juga mengukur Air change per hour ACH untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya ventilasi udara. Hasil penelitian: Terdapat 57 subjek dengan riwayat imunisasi BCG terdapat pada 84 subjek. Satu subjek 2 terbukti TB ekstra paru efusi pleura dari foto toraks. Empat subjek 7 tanpa gejala dan riwayat TB mendapatkan hasil uji IGRA positif. Xpert M.TB Rif semua subjek adalah negatif. Nilai ACH adalah 8x/jam jauh dibawah nilai standar World health organization WHO yaitu 12x/jam. Kesimpulan: Penelusuran kontak erat di asrama mampu mendeteksi TB laten sebanyak 7 dan TB TB ekstra paru sebanyak 2 .

---

Background Infection control and contact tracing in the high risk place such as dormitory is important for controlling Tuberculosis TB transmission. This is a cross sectional study of contact investigation of a pulmonary TB patient in a college dormitory. Methods Fifty seven female students ages 20 22 years old who live in the same dormitory with the TB patient acid fast bacilli positive for more than three months. Subjects were interviewed regarding past and present TB history, Bacillus Calmette Guerin BCG vaccination followed by chest x ray, Xpert M.TB RIF sputum and Interferon gamma release assay IGRA test. This study also measured an Air change per hour ACH to determine a good ventilation. Results There were 57 subjects in this study with BCG was vaccinated in 84 subjects. Two 1 57 proven for extra pulmonary TB pleuritis TB from chest x ray. Four subjects 7 without past and present TB history exhibited positive IGRA result. All subjects showed negative Xpert M.TB RIF. The ACH level is 8x hour below the World health organization WHO standard 12x hour. Conclusion Contact investigation of the dormitory have able to indicate 7 subjects for LTBI and 2 for TB pleuritis TB ."

"ABSTRACT

Objective : To study the eH`ect of vitamin C 1000 mg i.v and E 400 mg oral supplementation on serum c-reactive protein level as parameter of inflammation in burn patients.

Methods: This study was a one group pre post test that gave i.v 1000 mg vitamin C and oral 400 mg vitamin E supplementations to thirteen moderate-severe burn patients, with percentage of burn less than 60%, in burn unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaire, medical record, anthropometric measurement, dietary assessment using four consecutive days food record. Laboratory test for serum vitamin C, E and serum c-reactive protein levels- were evaluated before and after supplementations. Differences in mean values were assessed by Wilcoxon for the not normal distribution.

Results: Among thirteen subjects, Seven (53.80%) Subjects were female, median of age 35 (18-55) years. Body mass index in most subjects (69.2%) were categorized as normal. The median percentages of burn injury 22 (5~57)%, and the frequency of severe burn was 6l.50%, while the most cause of burn was flame (76.9%). Level of vitamin C after treatment was increased, but not significant. Level of vitamin E after treatment was significantly increased (p=0,016). Level of CRP after supplementation significantly increased (p=0.04).

Conclussion: There was significantly reduced of level serum CRP after four days vitamin C1000 mg i.v dan E 400 mg oral supplementations."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus TB tertinggi kedua di dunia dengan insidensi 354 per 100.000 penduduk dan 969.000 kasus pada tahun 2021. Salah satu pemeriksaan pada  TB yaitu dengan pemeriksaan darah seperti hitung jumlah leukosit. Peningkatan jumlah leukosit dan netrofil merupakan tanda reaksi inflamasi terutama bila disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Mikronutrien seperti vitamin A dan seng berperan penting dalam pengobatan TB. Studi di Indonesia dan Ethiopia sebelumnya menunjukkan rendahnya asupan vitamin A dan seng serta sebagian besar mengalami defisiensi. Vitamin A dan metabolit aktifnya berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi sel, terutama sel epitel yang berhubungan dengan mukosa, limfosit T dan B, makrofag, dan pembentukan antibodi. Seng juga merupakan elemen penting dalam berbagai fungsi fisiologis dan metabolisme seperti menjaga integritas imunologis, imunitas seluler, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Saat ini, belum terdapat studi yang menghubungkan asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan penanda inflamasi dengan parameter NLR dan PLR pada pasien TB paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan penanda inflamasi pada pasien TB paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Sebanyak 133 subjek direkrut. Mayoritas subjek memiliki usia paling rendah 19 tahun dan paling tinggi 74 tahun. Sebagian besar subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berada dalam jenjang pendidikan sedang (tamat SMA, tidak tamat perguruan tinggi), berpendapatan kurang dari UMP DKI Jakarta. Sebanyak 42,1 % memiliki berat badan normal. Sebagian besar subjek berada dalam fase pengobatan intensif, memiliki status bakteriologis BTA/TCM/kultur positif, tidak ada komorbid, dan tidak pernah merokok. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan adanya korelasi antara asupan vitamin A dan seng dengan nilai NLR dan PLR pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di RSUP Persahabatan.

---

Indonesia is the country with the second highest number of TB cases in the world with an incidence of 354 per 100,000 population and 969,000 cases in 2021. One of the tests for TB is blood tests such as counting leukocytes. An increase in the number of leukocytes and neutrophils is a sign of an inflammatory reaction, especially if caused by a bacterial infection. Micronutrients such as vitamin A and zinc play an important role in TB treatment. Previous studies in Indonesia and Ethiopia showed low intakes of vitamin A and zinc and that most were deficient. Vitamin A and its active metabolites play a role in cell growth and differentiation, especially epithelial cells associated with mucosa, T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and antibody formation. Zinc is also an important element in various physiological and metabolic functions such as maintaining immunological integrity, cellular immunity and antioxidant activity. Currently, there are no studies that link vitamin A and zinc intake with inflammatory markers with NLR and PLR parameters in pulmonary TB patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between vitamin A and zinc intake with inflammatory markers in pulmonary TB patients at Persahabatan Hospital. This research is a cross-sectional study. A total of 133 subjects were recruited. The majority of subjects had a minimum age of 19 years and a maximum of 74 years. Most of the subjects were male, had a moderate level of education (graduated from high school, not graduated from college), and earned less than the DKI Jakarta UMP. As many as 42.1% had normal body weight. Most of the subjects were in the intensive treatment phase, had positive BTA/TCM/culture bacteriological status, had no comorbidities, and had never smoked. This study did not find a correlation between vitamin A and zinc intake and NLR and PLR values ​​in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Persahabatan Hospital."