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Iqbal Cahya Maulana
"Helicobacter pylori merupakan faktor etiologi utama berbagai penyakit pada saluran pencernaan seperti gastritis, tukak lambung, tukak duodenum, dan adenokarsinoma lambung. Klaritromisin merupakan salah satu antibiotik dalam pengobatan H. pylori. Pemberian klaritromisin dalam bentuk sediaan gastroretentif mukoadhesif dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah pada tablet konvensional yaitu singkatnya waktu tinggal sediaan di lambung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memformulasi sediaan granul gastroretentif mukoadhesif klaritromisin yang dapat tertahan di mukosa lambung dan menunjukkan profil pelepasan yang diperpanjang. Dalam penelitian ini, klaritromisin diformulasikan menjadi granul mukoadhesif menggunakan eksipien xanthan gum, sodium alginat, dan kombinasi xanthan gum dan sodium alginat dengan perbandingan (2:1, 1:1, dan 1:2). Granul yang dihasilkan dievaluasi meliputi distribusi ukuran, laju alir, kandungan lembab, daya mengembang, wash off, serta profil pelepasan zat aktif. Granul yang menggunakan eksipien kombinasi dengan perbandingan xanthan gum dengan sodium alginat 1:1 (FK2) dinilai sebagai granul terbaik karena mampu melekat di mukosa lambung hingga 8 jam pada uji wash off, menunjukkan pelepasan kumulatif klaritromisin mencapai 88,87% dalam 12 jam, serta menunjukkan kinetika pelepasan yang lebih mendekati zero order.

Helicobacter pylori is the main etiological factor for various digestive system disease such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. One of the antibiotics that could be used in the treatment of H. pylori infection is clarithromycin. The administration of clarithromycin in mucoadhesive gastroretentive dosage form can overcome the problem in conventional tablets, which is the short retention time in the stomach. The purpose of this study was to formulate a gastroretentive mucoadhesive clarithromycin granule which can be retained in the gastric mucosa and exhibits an extended-release profile. In this study, clarithromycin was formulated into mucoadhesive granule using xanthan gum, sodium alginate, and a combination of xanthan gum and sodium alginate in a ratio of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The obtained granule were evaluated for its size distribution, flow rate, moisture content, swelling index, adhesive strenght, and drug release profile. The results indicate that granule which use a combination excipient with ratio of xanthan gum to sodium alginate 1:1 (FK2) was considered as the best granule that was close to zero-order kinetics and the cumulative release of clarithromycin up to 88.87% in 12 hours. In addition, these granules also showed good mucoadhesive strength with an adhesion time up to 8 hours in the wash off test. "
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Diah Lestari
"Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) adalah sistem penghantaran obat yang digunakan pada permukaan kulit dengan tujuan sistemik. Untuk itu, diperlukan suatu eksipien pembentuk matriks transdermal yang dapat menghantarkan obat masuk ke dalam kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan eksipien koproses xanthan gum dan amilosa tersambungsilang-6 (Ko-CLA6-XG) sebagai matriks sediaan transdermal, kemudian dilakukan uji penetrasi secara in vitro dan in vivo. Ko-CLA6-XG diformulasikan dalam bentuk hidrogel dengan model obat natrium diklofenak. Uji penetrasi in vitro dilakukan menggunakan sel difusi Franz yang kemudian dianalisis dengan spektrofotometer UV. Uji in vivo dilakukan dengan cara mengaplikasikan satu gram hidrogel dengan luas aplikasi 1,13 cm2 di atas kulit tikus bagian abdomen, kemudian sampel darah dikumpulkan melalui sinus orbitalis mata dan dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Hasil uji penetrasi in vitro menunjukkan jumlah kumulatif obat yang terpenetrasi ke dalam kulit hingga 12 jam sebanyak 1435 ± 180 µg cm-2 dengan fluks total sebesar 118,55 ± 23,01 µg cm-2 jam-1 (r=0,0994) dan waktu tunda selama 48,6 ± 15,6 menit. Profil pelepasan natrium diklofenak selama 12 jam pada uji in vivo mencapai konsentrasi puncak plasma sebesar 2236 ± 398 ng/ml pada 0,86 ± 0,21 jam dengan AUC sebesar 25273 ± 4133 ng ml-1 jam. Kedua hasil uji memberikan gambaran bahwa hidrogel mengandung natrium diklofenak dengan Ko-CLA6-XG sebagai matriks dapat dikembangkan untuk sediaan transdermal.

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is the administration of therapeutic agents through the skin for systemic effect. Therefore, it requires an excipient for transdermal matrix-forming that can deliver drug across the skin. This present research was intended to develop the utilization of coprocessed excipient of xanthan gum and 6-cross-linked amylose (Co-CLA6-XG) as a matrix for transdermal and then evaluate the in vitro and in vivo penetration. Co-CLA6-XG was formulated as hydrogel with sodium diclofenac as a drug model. In vitro penetration study was evaluated using Franz diffusion cell analysed with spectrophotometre UV. The in vivo experiment was performed by applied one gram of hydrogel spread over 1,13 cm2 to the rat abdoment skin, then the blood samples were obtained from sinus orbitalis and analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro study records the cumulative drug permeated across the skin for 12 hours ranged 1435 ± 180 µg cm-2 and shows the transdermal flux 118,55 ± 23,01 µg cm-2 hours-1 (r = 0,994) with the lag time value ranged 48,6 ± 15,6 min. The release profile of sodium diclofenac for 12 hours in vivo reached a maximum peak of 2236 ± 398 ng/ml at 0,86 ± 0,21 hours with the AUC value was 25273 ± 4133 ng ml-1 hour. Thus diclofenaccontaining hydrogel using Co-CLA6-XG as a matrix could be developed as transdermal drug delivery."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S55177
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aprillia Wulandari
"Eksipien koproses xanthan gum-amilosa tersambungsilang (Ko-CLA-XG) beresiko mengalami degradasi enzimatis oleh α-amilase. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi pelepasan obat dalam matriks eksipien Ko-CLA-XG. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui degradasi enzimatis eksipien Ko-CLA-XG dan melihat pengaruh α-amilase pada profil disolusi tablet lepas lambat natrium diklofenak dengan matriks eksipien Ko-CLA-XG. Eksipien Ko-CLA-XG merupakan hasil koproses dari amilosa tersambungsilang dengan xanthan gum. Amilosa disambungsilang dengan menggunakan natrium trimetafosfat dalam konsentrasi 6% dan 12%. Eksipien Ko-CLA6-XG dan Ko-CLA12-XG dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 kemudian dilakukan uji degradasi enzimatis dengan metode iodin. Selanjutnya eksipien Ko-CLA-XG diformulasikan menjadi tablet lepas lambat dengan metode kempa langsung. Tablet lepas lambat yang dihasilkan dievaluasi dan dipelajari profil pelepasan obat dengan dan tanpa menggunakan α-amilase.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan derajat substitusi CLA6 dan CLA12 adalah 0,204 dan 0,319. Waktu untuk mendegradasi CLA sebanyak 20% dari eksipien Ko-CLA6-XG 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 berturut-turut adalah 28 menit, 43 menit, dan 24 menit serta eksipien Ko-CLA12-XG 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1 berturut-turut adalah 44 menit, 45 menit, dan 36 menit. Seluruh tablet lepas lambat yang diformulasikan memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi tablet. Profil pelepasan tablet dengan matriks eksipien Ko-CLA-XG tidak terpengaruh oleh adanya α-amilase. Oleh karena itu, eksipien Ko-CLAXG dapat digunakan sebagai matriks tablet lepas lambat.

Coproccessed xanthan gum-crosslinked amylose (Co-CLA-XG) excipients are at risk of enzymatic degradation by α-amylase. It may affect the drug release of tablets with Co-CLA-XG excipients matrices. This study aims to know the enzymatic degradation of Co-CLA-XG excipients and to view α-amylase effect on dissolution profile of sodium diclofenac sustained release tablet with Co-CLA-XG excipients matrices. Co-CLA-XG excipients is the result of crosslinked amylose and coproccessed with xanthan gum. Amylose was crosslinked using sodium trimetaphosphate, which is 6% and 12%. Co-CLA6-XG and Co-CLA12-XG excipients were made with a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 then evaluated for enzymatic degradation using iodine method. Afterward, Co-CLA-XG excipients were formulated into sustained release tablets by direct compression. Tablets were evaluated and studied drug release profile using and without α-amylase.
The results showed substitution degree of CLA6 and CLA12 were 0.204 and 0.319. Time to degrade 20% CLA for Co-CLA6-XG excipients 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 were 28, 43, and 24 minutes with Co-CLA12-XG excipients 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 were 44, 45, and 36 minutes. Tablets fulfilled tablet evaluation requirements. The release profile of tablets with Co-CLA-XG excipients matrices were not affected by α-amylase. Therefore, Co-CLA-XG excipients can be used as a sustained-release tablet matrices.
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Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S57361
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nurul Nizma
"Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, eksipien sambung silang koproses xanthan gum-amilosa (CL-Ko-A-XG) berpotensi sebagai matriks dalam formulasi tablet lepas lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah eksipien yang terdegradasi oleh α-amilase dan pengaruh α-amilase terhadap profil disolusi dari tablet lepas lambat yang menggunakan matriks CL-Ko-A-XG. Eksipien disambungsilang dengan dua konsentrasi natrium trimetafosfat, yaitu 6% (CL6-Ko-A-XG) dan 12% (CL12-Ko-A-XG). Tiap eksipien dibuat dengan tiga perbandingan amilosa-xanthan gum, antara lain 1:1, 1:2 dan 2:1. Uji degradasi enzimatik dilakukan dilakukan terhadap serbuk eksipien selama 60 menit. Selain itu, eksipien digunakan sebagai matriks tablet lepas lambat dan diformulasi dengan metode kempa langsung. Kemudian, dilakukan uji disolusi dalam medium dapar fosfat pH 7,4 dengan dan tanpa α-amylase selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eksipien CL6-Ko-A-XG dan CL12-Ko-A-XG terdegradasi sebesar 20% berturut-turut selama 10 dan 30 menit. Selain itu, tablet F1-F6 menunjukkan profil pelepasan obat diperlambat yang mengikuti kinetika pelepasan orde nol dan Korsmeyer-Peppas, dan tidak terpengaruh dengan adanya α-amylase. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa eksipien CL-Ko-A-XG lebih tahan terhadap degradasi enzimatik dibandingkan amilosa. Oleh karena itu, eksipien ini berpotensi sebagai matriks tunggal tablet lepas lambat.

Based on previous studies, cross-linked of coprocessed xanthan gum-amylose excipient (CL-Co-A-XG) has potential as a matrix in a sustained release tablet formulation. This study aims to determine amount of excipient that is degraded by α-amylase and influence of α-amylase to the dissolution profile of sustained release tablet that used matrix CL-Co-A-XG. Excipient is cross-linked with two concentration of sodium trimetaphospate, which is 6% (CL6-Co-A-XG) and 12% (CL12-Co-A-XG). Each excipient was made with ratio 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 amylose-xanthan gum. Enzymatic degradation testhas been performed on excipient powder for 60 minutes. Beside that, sustained release tablet with CL-Co-A-XG excipient as matrix was formulated by direct compression method. Then, performed drug dissolution test in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 using and without α-amylase as medium for 8 hours. The results of this study showed that CL6-Co-A-XG and CL12-Co-A-XG were degraded 20% for 10 and 30 minutes. In addition, the release profile of F1-F6 tablets showed the sustained release profile which follow zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic, and not affected by presence of α-amylase. From this study, it can be concluded that the CL-Ko-A-XG excipients is more resistant from enzymatic degradation than amylose. Therefore, this excipient potential as a single matrix sustained release tablets.
"
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S56590
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hani Nur Anisa
"Deksametason merupakan glukokortikoid sebagai agen antiinflamasi yang dapat digunakan untuk penyakit radang usus. Namun, deksametason memberikan efek samping jika diberikan secara konvensional. Sistem penghantaran obat tertarget kolon merupakan solusi untuk menghantarkan deksametason ke kolon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi tablet multisalut dengan probiotik menggunakan xanthan gum sebagai penyalut primer, serta Eudragit L100 dan Eudragit S100 sebagai penyalut sekunder untuk menghantarkan deksametason menuju kolon. Tablet inti dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah, yang diformulasikan dalam tiga formulasi dengan konsentrasi probiotik berbeda-beda yaitu 16%, 40%, dan 0%. Penyalutan dilakukan sebanyak dua tahap hingga diperoleh penambahan bobot penyalut primer xanthan gum sebesar 7% dan penyalut sekunder Eudragit sebesar 8%. Kemudian tablet dilakukan karakterisasi meliputi uji organoleptis, morfologi, keseragaman ukuran, keragaman bobot, kekerasan, keregasan, keseragaman kandungan, kadar obat, waktu hancur dan profil disolusi in vitro. Jika ditinjau dari kakteristiknya, formulasi F2 merupakan formula terbaik karena memiliki morfologi yang lebih merata, keregasan sebesar 0,043%; kekerasan sebesar 13,28 ± 1,39 kp; keseragaman kandungan sebesar 106,80 ± 1,80%; bobot sebesar 122,82 ± 1,94 mg; dan kadar sebesar 106,18 ± 1,38%. Profil disolusi in vitro formulasi F2 menunjukkan formula terbaik karena lebih mampu menahan pelepasan deksametason dalam medium asam dibandingkan formula lainnya.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid as an anti-inflammatory agent that can be used for inflammatory bowel disease. However, dexamethasone produces side effects if given conventionally. Colon targeted drug delivery system is a solution to deliver dexamethasone to the colon. This research aimed to obtain a multicoated tablet formulation with probiotics using xanthan gum as primary coating, Eudragit L100, and Eudragit S100 as secondary coatings to deliver dexamethasone to the colon. Core tablets were made using a wet granulation method, which was formulated into three formulations with different concentrations of probiotics, 16%, 40%, 0%. The coatings were prepared into two stages until they got 7% additional weight of xanthan gum on primary layer and 8% extra weight of Eudragit on the secondary layer. Then tablets were characterized based on organoleptic, morphology, size uniformity, weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity, drug content, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution profile. Based on the characteristics of tablets, F2 was the best formula because it had even morphology, friability was 0.043%, hardness was 13.28 ± 1.39 kp, content uniformity was 106,80 ± 1,80%; weight was 122.82 ± 1.94 mg; and drug content was 106.18 ± 1.38%. In vitro dissolution profile of F2 showed the best formula because it was more able to hold the release of dexamethasone in the acidic medium than others."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Bahagia Wiba Cyntia
"ABSTRAK
Untuk memformulasikan serbuk inhalasi tertarget makrofag dibutuhkan eksipien dengan karakteristik yang sesuai untuk dapat membawa obat sampai makrofag. Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa kombinasi kitosan dan gum xanthan memiliki indeks mengembang yang baik pada pH makrofag sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai eksipien tertarget makrofag. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat serbuk inhalasi menggunakan kitosan-xanthan KX sebagai pembawa yang dapat menahan pelepasan obat pada cairan paru pH 7,4 dan memfasilitasi pelepasan obat pada cairan makrofag paru pH 4,5 . KX dibuat dengan mencampurkan kitosan dan gum xanthan perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1. KX kemudian dikarakterisasi meliputi penampilan, bentuk morfologi, uji termal, spektrum inframerah, derajat keasaman, dan viskositas. Serbuk kering inhalasi dibuat dengan menggunakan rifampisin sebagai model obat dan lima eksipien berbeda yaitu kitosan, gum xanthan, KX l:1, 1:2, 2:1. Serbuk inhalasi dikarakterisasi penampilan, morfologi, kadar air, distribusi ukuran partikel, kadar zat aktif, efisiensi penjerapan, dan pelepasan obatnya. Serbuk inhlasi dengan karakteristik terbaik yaitu formula 3 dengan eksipien KX 1:1 yang menghasilkan rendemen 22,48 , rentang ukuran 1,106 ndash; 3,580 m, efisiensi penjerapan sebanyak 120,162 , dan dapat melepas obat sebanyak 3,145 dalam medium pH 7,4 dan sebanyak 23,774 dalam medium pH 4,5. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa eksipien KX 1:1 dapat digunakan sebagai pembawa dalam formulasi serbuk inhalasi rifampisin.

ABSTRACT
Suitable excipient with certain characteristics is required in formulating inhalation powder to deliver drug into macrophage. Previous study had shown that the combination of chitosan and gum xanthan had remarkable swelling properties at macrophage condition pH 4.5 , thus it is suitable to be used as a macrophage targeted excipient. This study aimed to produce dry powder inhalation of rifampicin using chitosan xanthan CX as a carrier that can sustain drug release in lung fluid pH 7.4 and facilitate drug release in pulmonary macrophage fluid pH 4,5 . CX was prepared by mixing the chitosan and xanthan gum with the ratio 1 1, 1 2, and 2 1. Physical appearance, morphology, thermal properties, functional group, acidity, and viscosity of CX were then characterized. The inhalation powder were formulated by using rifampicin as a drug model and five different excipients which were chitosan, gum xanthan, and CX 1 1, 1 2, 2 1. Physical appearance, morphology, moisture content, and drug release of each formula of inhalation powder was evaluated. This study showed that rifampicin CX 1 1 was the best formula with yield of 22.48 , partical size range of 1.106 ndash 3.580 m, entrapment efficiency of 120.162 , and release 3,145 of rifampicin at pH 7.4 and 23.774 of rifampicin at pH 4.5. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CX 1 1 is a suitable excipient to formulate dry powder inhalation of rifampicin. "
2017
S69422
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dea Laopra Nindyakirana
"ABSTRACT
Penghantaran insulin melalui paru merupakan rute alternatif penghantaran secara sistemik untuk mengatasi masalah injeksi insulin dan degradasi enzimatik pada bentuk sediaan oral. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan mikropartikel insulin menggunakan kompleks poliion kitosan dan xanthan gum yang kemudian ditambahkan dengan manitol untuk menjaga stabilitas insulin selama proses. Mikropartikel insulin dibuat dengan metode gelasi ionik antara kitosan dan xanthan gum yang kemudian
dikeringkan dengan freeze dryer dengan penambahan larutan manitol. Mikropartikel insulin dikarakterisasi meliputi rendemen, ukuran dan morfologi partikel, spektrum inframerah (IR), efisiensi penjerapan, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, dan stabilitas selama 12 minggu. Selain itu, uji pelepasan obat secara in vitro dilakukan dalam buffer.

ABSTRACT
Delivery of insulin through the lungs is an alternative route of delivery systemically to overcome the problem of insulin injection and enzymatic degradation in oral dosage forms. The purpose of this study was to obtain insulin microparticles using the chitosan polyion complex and xanthan gum which were then added to mannitol to maintain insulin stability during the process. Insulin microparticles are made by the method of ionic gelation between chitosan and xanthan gum later
dried with a freeze dryer with the addition of mannitol solution. Insulin microparticles characterized include yield, particle size and morphology, infrared spectrum (IR), adsorption efficiency, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and stability for 12 weeks. In addition, the drug release test in vitro was carried out in a buffer."
2019
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dessy Dian Septysari
"Film transdermal merupakan sistem penghantaran obat yang diaplikasikan melalui kulit untuk menghantarkan obat ke sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari eksipien kompleks polielektrolit kitosan-xanthan (KPKX) sebagai eksipien pembentuk film yang dibuat dengan mencampurkan larutan gum xanthan 1% ke dalam larutan kitosan 1% dengan cara diteteskan dan disertai pengadukan. KPKX yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi gugus fungsi, indeks mengembang, kekuatan gel, dan sifat mekanik filmnya. Film transdermal dibuat dengan menggunakan KPKX 1:1 sebagai matriks, propilenglikol-gliserol (8:2) 50% sebagai plasticizer, dan ketoprofen sebagai model obat. Film transdermal ketoprofen yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat mekanis yang baik dengan persentasi elongasi sebesar 108,70 ± 1,56% dan tensile strength sebesar 791,05 ± 5,30 N/m2. Uji disolusi in vitro menunjukkan pelepasan ketoprofen dari film transdermal ketoprofen sebesar 99,57 ± 4,67% selama 12 jam dengan mekanisme difusi terkendali. Uji penetrasi in vitro menunjukkan bahwa penetrasi in vitro dari film transdermal ketoprofen sebesar 12,34 ± 0,22 mg/cm2 selama 12 jam dengan kecepatan penetrasi 1,051 ± 0,074 mg/cm2.jam. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa KPKX merupakan eksipien yang baik digunakan sebagai pembentuk film transdermal.

Transdermal film is a drug delivery system that is applied through the skin to deliver drugs to the systemic. This present study was intended to evaluate the ability of chitosan-xanthan polyelectrolyte complex (CXPC) as film-forming excipient which were made by dropwise a solution of 1% xanthan gum in a solution of 1% chitosan and aided with stirring. The obtained CXPC was characterized, including its functional group, swelling index, gel strength, and film mechanical properties. Transdermal films made using CXPC 1:1 as matrix, propylene glycol-glycerine (8:2) 50% as plasticizer, and ketoprofen as model of drug. Ketoprofen transdermal film which were produced from CXPC possessed good mechanical properties with elongation percentage of 108.70 ± 1.56% and the tensile strength of 791.05 ± 5.30 N/mm2. The in-vitro drug release study showed that 99.57 ± 4.67% of ketoprofen has been released from transdermal film in 12 hours by diffusion-controlled mechanism. In-vitro drug release study showed that 12.34 ± 0.22 mg/cm2 of ketoprofen able to penetrate through skin membrane with the flux of 1.051 ± 0.074 mg/cm2.hour. Therefore, it can be concluded that CXPC had good characteristics to be applied as excipient transdermal film.
"
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S57662
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Unsyura Dhipa Budaya
"[ABSTRAK
Tablet mengapung lepas lambat membutuhkan eksipien yang berfungsi sebagai
matriks yang mampu mengendalikan lepasnya obat dan menfasilitasi
pengapungan tablet di lambung. Salah satu eksipien yang berpotensi untuk hal
tersebut adalah eksipien koproses xanthan gum ? gum akasia yang merupakan
hasil modifikasi fisik dari 2 jenis polimer alam, yaitu xanthan gum dan gum
akasia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh eksipien
koproses xanthan gum ? gum akasia yang kemudian digunakan sebagai matriks
pada formulasi tablet mengapung. Pada penelitian ini dibuat eksipien koproses
xanthan gum ? gum akasia dengan perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 dan 3:1 dan
eksipien yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi sifat fisik, kimia, dan
fungsionalnya.Eksipien-eksipien koproses yang dihasilkan tersebut kemudian
diformulasikan menjadi sediaan tablet mengapung dengan menggunakan
famotidin sebagai model obat. Tablet mengapung yang dihasilkan dievaluasi,
antara lain uji kemampuan mengapung serta pelepasan obat dalam medium HCl
pH 1,2 selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksipien koproses
yang diperoleh berupa serbuk halus tidak berbau dan berwarna putih keabu-abuan.
Selain itu eksipien koproses tersebut memiliki kemampuan mengembang yang
baik, viskositas yang cukup besar dan kekuatan gel yang baik yang cocok untuk
digunakan sebagai matriks tablet mengapung. Tablet mengapung F2 yang dibuat
dengan menggunakan eksipien koproses Ko-XG-GA 1:2 menunjukkan
karakteristik yang terbaik dengan floating lag time 8,33± 0,58 menit dan
kemampuan mengapung hingga 24 jam. Profil pelepasan famotidin dari tablet
mengapung yang diformulasikan dengan eksipien koproses Ko-XG-GA (F1 ? F5)
menunjukkan profil pelepasan obat terkendali dengan model kinetika pelepasan
orde nol dan dapat digunakan untuk pemakaian selama 32 jam. Dari hasil
penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa eksipien koproses Ko-XG-GA yang
dihasilkan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai matriks sediaan tablet mengapung lepas
terkendali.

ABSTRACT
Controlled release floating tablets required excipient which act as a matrix that
can control the release of active drugs and facilitate the tablet floating in the
gastric. One of the potential excipients is a co-processed excipient of xanthan gum
? gum acacia, which is a physical modification of 2 natural polymers. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to produce co-processed excipients of xanthan gumgum
acacia, which were used as matrices in the floating tablet formulations. In
this study, several co-processed excipients were prepared from xanthan gum and
gum acacia in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1. The obtained excipients were
characterized physically, chemically, and functionality. The co-processed
excipients were then formulated as the floating tablets using famotidine as a drug
model. The obtained floating tablets were evaluated in terms of the tablet floating
capabilities and the drug release in HCl medium pH 1.2 for 8 hours. The results
showed the co-processed excipients were fine powder, odorless and greyish white
colour. The resulted excipients had good swelling index, fairly large viscosity and
good gel strength; hence it was suitable applied as matrices of floating tablets. The
floating tablets of F2 which was containing the co-processed excipient of Co-XGGA
1:2 had shown the best characteristics with 8.33 ± 0.58 minutes of floating lag
time and 24 hours of total floating time. The release study revealed that the
famotidine floating tablets which were using co-processed excipients of Co-XGGA
(F1 - F5) as matrices could control drug release with zero order release kinetic
and could be used for controlled release dosage forms for 32 hours. It can be
concluded that the co-processed excipients of Co-XG-GA could be applied as
matrices in controlled release floating tablets.;Controlled release floating tablets required excipient which act as a matrix that
can control the release of active drugs and facilitate the tablet floating in the
gastric. One of the potential excipients is a co-processed excipient of xanthan gum
– gum acacia, which is a physical modification of 2 natural polymers. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to produce co-processed excipients of xanthan gumgum
acacia, which were used as matrices in the floating tablet formulations. In
this study, several co-processed excipients were prepared from xanthan gum and
gum acacia in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1. The obtained excipients were
characterized physically, chemically, and functionality. The co-processed
excipients were then formulated as the floating tablets using famotidine as a drug
model. The obtained floating tablets were evaluated in terms of the tablet floating
capabilities and the drug release in HCl medium pH 1.2 for 8 hours. The results
showed the co-processed excipients were fine powder, odorless and greyish white
colour. The resulted excipients had good swelling index, fairly large viscosity and
good gel strength; hence it was suitable applied as matrices of floating tablets. The
floating tablets of F2 which was containing the co-processed excipient of Co-XGGA
1:2 had shown the best characteristics with 8.33 ± 0.58 minutes of floating lag
time and 24 hours of total floating time. The release study revealed that the
famotidine floating tablets which were using co-processed excipients of Co-XGGA
(F1 - F5) as matrices could control drug release with zero order release kinetic
and could be used for controlled release dosage forms for 32 hours. It can be
concluded that the co-processed excipients of Co-XG-GA could be applied as
matrices in controlled release floating tablets.;Controlled release floating tablets required excipient which act as a matrix that
can control the release of active drugs and facilitate the tablet floating in the
gastric. One of the potential excipients is a co-processed excipient of xanthan gum
– gum acacia, which is a physical modification of 2 natural polymers. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to produce co-processed excipients of xanthan gumgum
acacia, which were used as matrices in the floating tablet formulations. In
this study, several co-processed excipients were prepared from xanthan gum and
gum acacia in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1. The obtained excipients were
characterized physically, chemically, and functionality. The co-processed
excipients were then formulated as the floating tablets using famotidine as a drug
model. The obtained floating tablets were evaluated in terms of the tablet floating
capabilities and the drug release in HCl medium pH 1.2 for 8 hours. The results
showed the co-processed excipients were fine powder, odorless and greyish white
colour. The resulted excipients had good swelling index, fairly large viscosity and
good gel strength; hence it was suitable applied as matrices of floating tablets. The
floating tablets of F2 which was containing the co-processed excipient of Co-XGGA
1:2 had shown the best characteristics with 8.33 ± 0.58 minutes of floating lag
time and 24 hours of total floating time. The release study revealed that the
famotidine floating tablets which were using co-processed excipients of Co-XGGA
(F1 - F5) as matrices could control drug release with zero order release kinetic
and could be used for controlled release dosage forms for 32 hours. It can be
concluded that the co-processed excipients of Co-XG-GA could be applied as
matrices in controlled release floating tablets., Controlled release floating tablets required excipient which act as a matrix that
can control the release of active drugs and facilitate the tablet floating in the
gastric. One of the potential excipients is a co-processed excipient of xanthan gum
– gum acacia, which is a physical modification of 2 natural polymers. Therefore,
the aim of this study was to produce co-processed excipients of xanthan gumgum
acacia, which were used as matrices in the floating tablet formulations. In
this study, several co-processed excipients were prepared from xanthan gum and
gum acacia in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1. The obtained excipients were
characterized physically, chemically, and functionality. The co-processed
excipients were then formulated as the floating tablets using famotidine as a drug
model. The obtained floating tablets were evaluated in terms of the tablet floating
capabilities and the drug release in HCl medium pH 1.2 for 8 hours. The results
showed the co-processed excipients were fine powder, odorless and greyish white
colour. The resulted excipients had good swelling index, fairly large viscosity and
good gel strength; hence it was suitable applied as matrices of floating tablets. The
floating tablets of F2 which was containing the co-processed excipient of Co-XGGA
1:2 had shown the best characteristics with 8.33 ± 0.58 minutes of floating lag
time and 24 hours of total floating time. The release study revealed that the
famotidine floating tablets which were using co-processed excipients of Co-XGGA
(F1 - F5) as matrices could control drug release with zero order release kinetic
and could be used for controlled release dosage forms for 32 hours. It can be
concluded that the co-processed excipients of Co-XG-GA could be applied as
matrices in controlled release floating tablets.]"
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T43162
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Zahra Alika Salsabila
"ABSTRAK
In the skin care industry, topical medications with high levels of antioxidants and High skin penetration is the ideal that all formulators desire. However, more antioxidant content in the oil phase has been
lead to less stability. To answer this problem and find the right balance of antioxidant benefits and stability, formulation nanoemulgel is made by combining mangosteen nanoemulsion with hydrogels that incorporate antioxidants into the aqueous phase. The nanoemulsion
made from a mixture of distilled water and a naturally occurring eutectic solvent based on betaine (NADES) as the water phase and virgin coconut oil (RCO) as the oil phase. 6 nanoemulgel formulation samples were made and observed. Extraction yield is 5.26% g -mangostin/g mangosteen powder and 0.86% g -mangostin/g nanoemulgel. All
the xanthan gum sample was stable while the Carbopol 934 sample underwent separation in the accelerated stability test. Sample XG 1, with 1% xanthan gum, reported to have an IC50 of 16.97 ppm from the DPPH antioxidant test and the amount of cumulative 101.57 g/cm2 released in an in-vitro penetration assay using . cells Franz diffusion. This sample also found the highest score with a score of 39.6 / 45 in
customer survey. This proves that the use of RCO as the oil phase
and NADES as the aqueous phase to formulate a topical nanoemulgel that stable and high penetration with mangosteen extract is very possible and optimized using 1% xanthan gum.
ABSTRACT
Dalam industri perawatan kulit, obat topikal dengan tingkat antioksidan tinggi dan penetrasi kulit yang tinggi adalah ideal yang diinginkan oleh semua formulator. Namun, lebih banyak kandungan antioksidan dalam fase minyak telah
menyebabkan stabilitas yang lebih rendah. Untuk menjawab masalah ini dan menemukan keseimbangan yang tepat antara manfaat antioksidan dan stabilitas, formulasi nanoemulgel dibuat dengan menggabungkan nanoemulsi manggis dengan hidrogel yang menggabungkan antioksidan ke dalam fase air. nanoemulsion
dibuat dari campuran air suling dan pelarut eutektik alami berdasarkan betaine (NADES) sebagai fase air dan minyak kelapa murni (RCO) sebagai fase minyak. 6 sampel formulasi nanoemulgel dibuat dan diamati. Hasil ekstraksi adalah 5,26% g -mangostin/g bubuk manggis dan 0,86% g -mangostin/g nanoemulgel. Semua
sampel xanthan gum stabil sedangkan sampel Carbopol 934 mengalami pemisahan pada uji stabilitas dipercepat. Sampel XG 1, dengan gom xanthan 1%, dilaporkan memiliki IC50 sebesar 16,97 ppm dari uji antioksidan DPPH dan jumlah kumulatif 101,57 g/cm2 yang dilepaskan dalam uji penetrasi in-vitro menggunakan . difusi sel Franz. Sampel ini juga menemukan skor tertinggi dengan skor 39,6/45 in
survei pelanggan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan RCO sebagai fase minyak dan NADES sebagai fase air untuk memformulasi nanoemulgel topikal yang stabil dan penetrasi tinggi dengan ekstrak manggis sangat dimungkinkan dan dioptimalkan dengan menggunakan 1% xanthan gum."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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