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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekerasan berbasis gender (KBG) sangat mungkin terjadi di dunia maya dan terus merajalela semenjak dunia dilanda pandemi COVID-19. Dalam menelisik peran hukum sebagai tameng pelindung atas korban kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO), penelitian ini menggunakan kasus GA yang ditetapkan sebagai tersangka atas konten pornografi sebagai entry point analisis. Penelitian ini juga ingin menunjukkan bahwa praktik KBGO seringkali menyasar perempuan yang digambarkan dengan posisi GA selaku figur publik dan menjadi sasaran ‘empuk’ dari praktik KBGO yang diperkeruh dengan penghakiman masyarakat. Analisis ini ingin menunjukkan terdapat korelasi dari kentalnya budaya patriarkis dan ketidakpahaman masyarakat Indonesia mengenai konsep persetujuan senantiasa melahirkan posisi timpang pada perempuan dan akan terus melanggenggkan budaya victim-blaming pada korban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelaah serangkaian instrumen hukum, penerapannya oleh aparat penegak hukum lewat hasil putusan pengadilan, reaksi masyarakat lewat pemberitaan media massa terkait kasus, dan juga wawancara langsung kepada KBGO yang melapor lewat LBH APIK serta pendampingnya. Peneliti juga menggunakan feminist legal method demi menjawab permasalahan berdasarkan pengalaman perempuan sebagai korban untuk mendorong penyusunan payung hukum dan sistem hukum yang lebih berperspektif korban, sehingga nantinya, tidak adalagi perempuan korban yang disalahkan seperti apa yang dialami GA dalam kasusnya.

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This study aims to explain how gender-based violence (GBV) is very likely to occur in cyberspace and continues to run rampant since the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In examining the role of the law as a protective shield for victims of gender-based violence online (GBVO), this study uses the case of GA who is designated as a suspect for pornographic content as an entry point for analysis. This study also wants to show that GBVO practices often target women who are described as GA's position as a woman public figure and become 'easy' target of GBVO practices that are clouded by community judgment. This analysis shows that there is a correlation between the strong patriarchal culture and the Indonesian people's lack of understanding regarding the approval of the birth of an unequal position in women and will continue to perpetuate the victim-blaming culture of victims. This research was conducted by examining legal instruments, their application by law enforcement officers through court results, public reactions through mass media reports related to cases, and also direct interviews with the victims of GBVO who reported to LBH APIK. The researcher also uses the feminist legal method to answer questions based on the experience of women as victims to encourage the formulation of a legal basis and legal system that is more victim-oriented, so that in the future, there will be no more female victims who are blamed as experienced by GA in her case."

"Kekerasan berbasis gender telah diakui sebagai penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia, dengan perempuan dan anak perempuan sering menjadi korban. Menggabungkan teori agensi Kabeer dan konsep resistensi Crann dan Barata, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang agencyperempuan dan strategi mereka melawan kekerasan dalam konteks film Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Melalui analisis tekstual dari narasi, adegan, karakter, dan dialog dalam percakapan dengan konsep agency perempuan dan perlawanan, penelitian ini berusaha untuk menantang pemahaman konvensional tentang perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan berbasis gender yang seringkali dipandang sebagai korban pasif. Penulis berpendapat bahwa agensi perempuan dalam kedua film tersebut sangat penting dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk memerangi penindasan. agency mereka mencakup pasif seperti polos dan mematuhi pelaku dan respon aktif, seperti memutuskan pendekatan terbaik untuk keadaan tertentu sebagai strategi mereka. Selain itu, analisis menemukan bahwa agency bisa mengubah perempuan dari korban menjadi penyintas dengan mengaktifkan dan melatihnya untuk memerangi kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada studi tentang kesetaraan gender dalam film.

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Gender-based violence has been recognized as an abuse of fundamental human rights, with women and girls frequently being the victims. Incorporating Kabeer's theory of agency and Crann and Barata's resistance concept, this research examines female agency and their strategies for fighting violence in the context of the movies, namely Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Through a textual analysis of the narratives, scenes, characters, and dialogue in conversation with the concept of female agency and resistance, this study seeks to challenge the conventional understanding of women and girls who encounter gender-based violence that are often viewed as passive victims. The author argues that the female agency in both films is crucial in developing the strategy to combat oppression. Their agency encompasses both passive as innocent and obeying perpetrators and active response, such as deciding on the best approach for particular circumstances as their strategies. In addition, the analysis found that female agency can transform women from victims to survivors by activating and exercising it to combat violence against women. This research contributes to the study of gender equality in movies."

"Aplikasi Bumble sebagai aplikasi kencan feminis dilengkapi dengan beberapa fitur perlindungan, namun normalisasi KBGO, manipulasi identitas, dan perbedaan motivasi pengguna masih menyuburkan KBGO pada perempuan. Studi-studi sebelumnya hanya memberikan pembahasan sampai pada topik mengenai bentuk- bentuk tindakan kekerasan yang mungkin terjadi di aplikasi kencan, namun penelitian ini turut membahas agensi perempuan dalam meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Peneliti berargumen bahwa subjektivitas agensi, diwujudkan dalam tindakan- tindakan yang dilakukan perempuan sebagai bentuk meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi digital. Informan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 6 orang perempuan yang sedang dan/atau pernah menggunakan aplikasi Bumble; berusia 22 hingga 27 tahun; dan pernah mengalami KBGO yang terjadi di Bumble maupun aplikasi lain yang difasilitasi oleh Bumble. Temuan dalam penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan menunjukkan agensi dalam berbagai tindakan untuk merespon KBGO yang terjadi, baik yang dilakukan secara publik maupun privat. Sherry Ortner mengungkap bahwa agensi perempuan didasari oleh subjektivitas yang berada dalam konteks formasi sosial dan budaya. Agensi perempuan tidak hanya berfokus pada perlawanan yang dilakukan, namun juga tentang bagaimana perempuan membuat dan mencari makna. Tentang apa yang dirasakan, dipikirkan, dan bagaimana perempuan meresponi kondisi KBGO yang menimpanya.

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The Bumble application as a feminist dating application is equipped with several protective features, but the normalization of KBGO, identity manipulation, and differences in user motivation still feed KBGO among women. Previous studies only provide discussion on the topic of forms of violent acts that may occur on dating applications, but this research also discusses women's agency in responding to the KBGO they experience. Researchers argue that agency subjectivity is manifested in the actions carried out by women as a form of responding to the KBGO they experience. Data collection was carried out using an in-depth interview process and direct observation on the Bumble application. The informants in this study were 6 women who currently and/or have used the Bumble application; aged 22 to 27 years; and have experienced KBGO that occurs on Bumble or other applications facilitated by Bumble. The findings in the research show that women show agency in various actions to respond to KBGO that occurs, whether carried out publicly or privately. Sherry Ortner reveals that women's agency is based on subjectivity which is in the context of social and cultural formations. Women's agency does not only focus on the resistance carried out, but also on how women make and search for meaning. About what women feel, think, and how they respond to the KBGO conditions that befall them."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO) dengan modus Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images (NCII) di Indonesia di tengah ketiadaan hukum yang secara spesifik mengaturnya. NCII merupakan tindakan penyebaran konten intim tanpa persetujuan. Tindakan ini merupakan bentuk KBGO yang kerap terjadi kepada anak perempuan di bawah umur. Motif dari NCII umumnya dimulai dengan jalinan hubungan romantis, perekaman konten intim tanpa konsen maupun dengan konsen, sehingga berujung dengan pengancaman serta penyebaran konten intim tersebut tanpa persetujuan korban. Di Indonesia NCII masih diatur dalam konteks yang terbatas, yaitu hanya pada Pasal 14 ayat (1) UU TPKS tentang perekaman konten intim tanpa persetujuan, dan Pasal 27 ayat (1) UU ITE tentang mentransmisikan konten bermuatan asusila. Melalui penelitian ini, Penulis menemukan bahwa walaupun undang-undang Indonesia telah mengatur mengenai unsur tindak pidana NCII, akan tetapi pelaksanaannya terkadang masih belum optimal. Dalam suatu perkara NCII, biasanya terdapat beberapa unsur perbuatan lain yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai tindak pidana. Namun, pidana yang dijatuhkan terhadap pelaku hanya unsur tindak pidana penyebaran konten bermuatan asusilanya saja. Hal ini berpotensi merugikan korban dalam mendapat keadilan. Oleh karena itu, melalui metode socio-legal, penelitian ini mengkaji bagimana penanganan perkara NCII yang paling ideal dapat memberikan keadilan serta perlindungan bagi korban. Penyelesaian jalur hukum bukanlah hal yang mudah bagi korban, sebab terdapat stigma dari masyarakat, sekolah, bahkan APH yang memperburuk situasi korban. Oleh karena itu korban NCII, terutama anak di bawah umur membutuhkan perlindungan lebih dalam menempuh penyelesaian jalur hukum, mulai dari proses pelaporan, persidangan, hingga pemulihan. Dalam memberikan keadilan bagi korban, diperlukan peran APH yang berperspektif korban. Selain keadilan, korban NCII anak di bawah umur juga membutuhkan pemulihan dan penanganan pasca-kejadian agar korban dapat kembali beraktivitas layaknya anak pada umumnya. Selain itu, penanganan korban NCII juga membutuhkan sinergisitas antara lembaga-lembaga sosial terkait. Pemerintah, APH, dan lembaga sosial harus bahu-membahu dalam pencegahan dan penanganan perkara-perkara NCII yang dialami korban anak di bawah umur untuk mencapai keadilan, perlindungan, dan pemulihan bagi korban.

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This research aims to explore how legal protection is for victims of Online Gender Based Violence (KBGO) using the Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images (NCII) mode in Indonesia amidst the absence of laws that specifically regulate it. NCII is an act of distributing intimate content without consent. This action is a form of KBGO which often occurs to underage girls. The motives for NCII generally start with a romantic relationship, recording intimate content without consent or with consent, which ends with threats and distributing intimate content without the victim's consent. In Indonesia, NCII is still regulated in a limited context, namely only in Article 14 paragraph (1) of the TPKS Law concerning recording intimate content without consent, and Article 27 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law concerning transmitting immoral content. Through this research, the author found that although Indonesian law has regulated the elements of NCII criminal acts, its implementation is sometimes still not optimal. In an NCII case, there are usually several other elements of the act that meet the criteria for a criminal act. However, the punishment imposed on the perpetrator is only an element of the crime of spreading immoral content. This has the potential to harm victims in getting justice. Therefore, through socio-legal methods, this research examines how the most ideal handling of NCII cases can provide justice and protection for victims. Resolving legal action is not an easy thing for victims, because there is stigma from society, schools, and even law enforcement officers which worsens the victim's situation. Therefore, NCII victims, especially minors, need more protection in pursuing legal remedies, starting from the reporting process, trial, to recovery. In providing justice for victims, a law enforcement officer’s role with a victim perspective is needed. Apart from justice, minor NCII victims also need post-incident recovery and treatment so that victims can return to their activities like children in general. Apart from that, handling NCII victims also requires synergy between related social institutions. The government, law enforcement officers, and social institutions must work together in preventing and handling NCII cases experienced by minor victims to achieve justice, protection, and recovery for victims."

"This book presents new research on gender-based violence in Southeast Asia, bringing together varied scholarly work in law, policy, and practice. It enables a greater understanding of violence against women as an international concern, highlighting particular issues that arise in the region. Against a background of international obligations to ensure women's rights through laws and policies that are geared at ending violence against women and girls, this research documents the state failures, individual shame and fear, and societal culture that collectively affects the reporting, investigation, prosecution of perpetrators, and protection of victims. The research explores differing legal mechanisms both internationally, and within nation states, relating to cases of physical and sexual violence. It recognizes the need for functioning mechanisms to ensure women can report their cases safely and be provided with protective and therapeutic services in a way that is systematic, effective, and measurable. Laws and court decisions are analyzed, crisis and safety centers are examined, and in-depth interviews are conducted with actors and NGOs with relevant roles and functions in the mechanism of cases of violence against women. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the incalculable harm it does within Southeast Asian society, and the obstacles it presents for law enforcement. The chapters uncover mechanisms with unique characteristics across Southeast Asia, providing a nuanced understanding of the cultural and social backgrounds, as well as the religious structures, that can both help and hinder suitable frameworks. It is relevant to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in law, criminology, and gender sociology.“This is a valuable contribution towards empowering the women of South East Asia out of victimhood to valued equality, involvement in governance and leadership through the elimination of violence and discrimination and an excellent resource not just for those working in this field but for those involved in law making, the media and the people of South East Asia.”- Professor Felicity Gerry QC, Barrister at Crockett Chambers Melbourne and Libertas Chambers, London, and Professor of Legal Practice at Deakin University and Honorary Professor at Salford University."

"Media sosial berpeluang menjadi medium terjadinya Kekerasan Siber Berbasis Gender (KSBG), seperti revenge porn yang tidak terlepas dari objektifikasi dan komodifikasi seksual serta dominasi dan kontrol laki-laki atas perempuan dan tubuhnya sesuai dengan perspektif feminis radikal. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis konten kualitatif untuk menilai reaksi yang ditimbulkan para pengguna Twitter terhadap uraian kasus revenge porn yang dialami oleh korban melalui bot Anonymous Chat di Telegram. Sebanyak 41.6% warganet memberikan dukungan pada korban, sementara 58.4% warganet memberikan opini yang mengarah pada viktimisasi sekunder dan akan dikategorikan ke dalam lima skala viktimisasi sekunder, yakni minimization of the victim’s suffering, avoidance of the victim, blaming the victim, attractiveness of the victim, dan derogation of the victim.

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Social media has the opportunity to become a medium for Gender-Based Cyber Violence (GBCV), such as revenge porn which cannot be separated from sexual objectification and commodification, as well as men’s domination and control over women and their bodies by a radical feminist perspective. This article uses a qualitative content analysis method to assess the reactions caused by Twitter users to the description of the revenge porn case experienced by the victim via the Anonymous Chat bot on Telegram. As many as 41.6% of netizens provide support for victims. In comparison, 58.4% of netizens who provide opinions that lead to secondary victimization will be categorized into five scales of secondary victimization, namely minimization of the victim’s suffering, avoidance of the victim, blaming the victim, the attractiveness of the victim, and derogation of the victim."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana representasi perempuan korban KBGO berdasarkan wacana kritis feminis Sara Mills terhadap komentar pengguna Twitter. Studi terdahulu analisis wacana kritis Sara Mills dalam membahas berbagai kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan menunjukkan bias media dalam merepresentasikan sosok perempuan korban. Hasil studi penelitian terdahulu juga menunjukkan masih sedikit pembahasan mengenai isu penyebaran konten intim non-konsensual dalam media sosial Twitter yang menggunakan analisis wacana kritis Sara Mills. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan korban penyebaran video non-konsensual dalam hal ini adalah Gisell direpresentasikan sebagai perempuan yang tidak bermoral dan perempuan rendahan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh status Gisell yang dalam video tersebut masih menjadi seorang istri. Selain merepresentasikan bagaimana perempuan korban penyebaran konten intim non-konsensual tersebut, penelitian ini juga menghasilkan bahwa terdapat tiga kategori respon pengguna Twitter terhadap korban. Tiga kategori tersebut adalah kategori pro, kontra dan uncategorized. Adapun ketiga kategori tersebut diperoleh melalui analisis respon para pengguna Twitter dari akun CNN Indonesia, Tempodotco, Detikcom dan Area Julid. Fenomena ini juga ditopang dengan berbagai akun media informasi tersebut yang menggunakan diksi seksis.

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This study aims to find out how the representation of female victims of OGBV is based on Sara Mills' feminist critical discourse on Twitter user comments. Previous studies of Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis in discussing various cases of violence against women show media bias in representing female victims. The results of previous research studies also show that there is still little discussion on the issue of spreading non-consensual intimate content on Twitter social media using Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis. The results of this study show that women victims of the spread of non-consensual videos in this case are Gisell represented as unscrupulous women and lowly women. This is due to Gisell's status that in the video is still a wife. In addition to representing how women victims of the spread of non-consensual intimate content, this study also resulted in three categories of Twitter users' responses to victims. The three categories are pro, con and uncategorized categories. The three categories were obtained through an analysis of the responses of Twitter users from CNN Indonesia, Tempodotco, Detikcom and Julid Area accounts. This phenomenon is also supported by various information media accounts that use sexist diction."

"Sextortion adalah pemerasan yang dilakukan melalui jaringan komputer dan melibatkan beberapa ancaman untuk melepaskan gambar korban yang eksplisit secara seksual. Kejahatan ini merupakan kejahatan teknologi berbasis gender baru yang masih kurang diteliti di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran relasi gender dalam viktimisasi sextortion terhadap perempuan melalui pengalaman empat narasumber, yaitu AY, AP, I, dan WNS dengan menggunakan feminist radical theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendengar pengalaman para narasumber secara mendalam. Berdasarkan pengalaman para narasumber, diketahui bahwa relasi gender sangat berpengaruh dalam pembangunan nilai-nilai maskulinitas agresif dan budaya patriarkis. Hal ini dengan melihat aspek kontrol dan kekuasaan, perilaku seksisme, dan objektifikasi tubuh perempuan, dari pengalaman para narasumber. Penelitian ini juga melihat pengaruh online misogini terhadap kekerasan terhadap perempuan, serta melihat kontinum kekerasan seksual yang meliputi perilaku sextortion.

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Sextortion is a type of extortion carried out through a computer network and involves threats to release sexually explicit images of the victim. This crime is a new gender-based technology crime that is still under-researched in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to look at the role of gender relations in the victimization of sextortion against women through the experiences of four informants, namely AY, AP, I, and WNS using a feminist radical theory. This study uses qualitative methods to know more about the experiences of the informants deeply. Based on the experiences of the informants, it is known that gender relations are very influential in the development of aggressive masculinity values and patriarchal culture. This is done by looking at the aspects of control and power, sexist behavior, and the objectification of women's bodies, from the experiences of the informants. This research also looks at the influence of online misogyny on violence against women, and looks at the continuum of sexual violence which includes sextortion behavior."

"Di Indonesia, Perempuan Pembela Hak Asasi Manusia (PPHAM) memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung hak asasi dan keadilan gender. Namun, mereka sering dihadapkan pada berbagai jenis kekerasan berbasis gender, yang membahayakan keselamatan dan kesejahteraan mereka. Keadaan ini diperparah oleh kurangnya perlindungan resmi negara; akibatnya, PPHAM harus bergantung pada mekanisme perlindungan informal dari keluarga, teman, dan komunitas. Studi ini menyelidiki pengalaman PPHAM dalam menghadapi kekerasan berbasis gender, serta upaya mereka untuk memperoleh perlindungan informal melalui aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode observasi partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis didasarkan pada teori burnout dan self-care oleh Gorski (2015) dan dinamika perlindungan informal dipahami melalui teori aksi kolektif dan solidaritas feminis Sweetman (2015). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPHAM menghadapi kekerasan fisik, psikis, finansial, dan digital yang mengancam keselamatan mereka selain kekerasan fisik dan psikologis. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya perlindungan yang komprehensif dan inklusif bagi PPHAM serta pentingnya memperkuat mekanisme perlindungan informal berbasis solidaritas komunitas. Perlindungan informal yang diberikan oleh keluarga, teman, dan komunitas terbukti sangat penting dalam mendukung pemulihan PPHAM.

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In Indonesia, Women Human Rights Defenders (WHRDs) play an important role in supporting human rights and gender justice. However, they are often exposed to various types of gender-based violence, which endangers their safety and well-being. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of official state protection; As a result, WHRDs must rely on informal protection mechanisms from family, friends and communities. This study investigates WHRDs’ experiences in facing gender-based violence, as well as their efforts to obtain informal protection through collective action and feminist solidarity. This research is qualitative research that uses participant observation and in-depth interviews. The analysis is based on burnout and self-care theory by Gorski (2015) and the dynamics of informal protection are understood through Sweetman's theory of collective action and feminist solidarity (2015). The research results show that PPHAM faces physical, psychological, financial and digital violence that threatens their safety in addition to physical and psychological violence. This research highlights the importance of comprehensive and inclusive protection for WHRDs as well as the importance of strengthening informal protection mechanisms based on community solidarity. Informal protection provided by family, friends and community has proven to be crucial in supporting WHRDs’ recovery."

"Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang keputusan hakim perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan kasus yang melibatkan wanita. Seperti diketahui, Keyakinan hakim merupakan elemen penting bagi hakimputuskan sebuah kasus. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis membahas tentang keyakinan para hakim perempuan dalam Putusan Nomor 524 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Jkt.Sel atas nama Tergugat Joseph Refo dengan Majelis Hakim yang diketuai oleh Dr. Artha Theresia Silalahi, S.H., M.H. dilihat dari perspektif gender dan feminisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan penekanan pada penggunaan norma hukum secara tertulis serta melakukan studi wawancara untuk memperdalam pengamatan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada PT Pada dasarnya, keyakinan hakim bersumber dari setidaknya dua alat bukti memberikan jaminan bahwa Tergugat terbukti melakukan perbuatan yang salah dituduh padanya. Selanjutnya pada kasus yang terkait dengan perempuan dan anak, pendekatan keadilan gender yang ditinjau tidak hanya dari aspek hukum tetapi juga harus memperhatikan aspek lainnya diterapkan dalam memberikan penilaian.

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This paper will discuss the decisions of women judges in case decisions involving women. As is well known, the judge's conviction is an important element for the judge decide a case. In this paper, the author discusses the beliefs of women judges in Decision Number 524 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Jkt.Sel on behalf of the Defendant Joseph Refo with the Panel of Judges chaired by Dr. Artha Theresia Silalahi, S.H., M.H. seen from the perspective of gender and feminism. This study uses a normative juridical method with an emphasis on the use of legal norms in writing and conducts interview studies to deepen observations. From this research it can be concluded that at PT Basically, the judge's conviction originated from at least two pieces of evidence providing assurance that the Defendant was proven to have committed the wrong act and was accused by him. Furthermore, in cases related to women and children, the gender justice approach that is reviewed is not only from the legal aspect but also must pay attention to other aspects that are applied in providing an assessment."