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"During the past decade or more, there has been a rapid evolution of mental health services and treatment technologies, shifting psychiatric epidemiology, changes in public behavioral health policy and increased understanding in medicine regarding approaches to clinical work that focus on patient-centeredness. These contemporary issues need to be articulated in a comprehensive format. The American Association of Community Psychiatrists (AACP), a professional organization internationally recognized as holding the greatest concentration of expertise in the field, has launched a methodical process to create a competency certification in community psychiatry. As a reference for a certification examination, that effort will benefit enormously from a comprehensive handbook on the subject.;"

"Perubahan Status Puskesmas Kecamatan Tebet dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara DKI Jakarta menjadi swadana, secara otomatis terjadi perubahan dalam organisasi baik dalam manajemen, struktur organisasi, perencanaan serta evaluasi. Perubahan yang terjadi di puskesmas swadana adalah dalam mutu pelayanan, kemampuan pembiayaan, pengelolaan program, dan SDM. Perubahan ini dapat dipersepsikan secara berbeda antara seorang dengan lainnya.Persepsi merupakan suatu hal penting karena perilaku seseorang didasari oleh persepsi mereka terhadap obyek dan persepsi dapat menentukan keberhasilan terlaksananya perubahan dalam organisasi dan mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan individu dalam organisasi. Bagaimana suatu puskesmas swadana dapat dijalankan oleh individu yang telah berpengalaman menjalankan organisasi dengan sistem yang lama, merupakan suatu hal yang memerlukan perubahan pandangan dan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat.Permasalahan yang ada adalah belum dikatahuinya persepsi individu yang terlibat dalam puskesmas swadana yaitu staf dan klien puskesmas swadana DKI Jakarta. Dengan demikian tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali informasi dan analisis persepsi dari staf dan klien puskesmas swadana DKI Jakarta tahun 2000 terhadap mutu pelayanan, kemampuan pembiayaan, pengelolaan program, dan SDM.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data diambil dari 13 orang staf dan 10 orang klien Puskesmas Kecamatan Tebet dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara DKI Jakarta dari bulan Juli 2000 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2000, dengan cara wawancara mendalam (Indepth Interview). Untuk analisis data digunakan content analysis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi staf dan klien terhadap mutu pelayanan puskesmas swadana di Puskesmas Kecamatan Tebet bahwa terjadi peningkatan pelayanan, sedangkan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara tidak terjadi peningkatan pelayanan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan mutu pelayanan belum seluruhnya dapat dilaksanakan di puskesmas swadana DKI Jakarta. Persepsi staf dan klien terhadap kemampuan pembiayaan puskesmas swadana bahwa terjadi peningkatan pendapatan fungsional puskesmas dan puskesmas mampu menggali potensi pembiayaan masyarakat. Persepsi staf dan klien terhadap mutu pengelolaan program puskesmas swadana mengatakan bahwa peningkatan mutu pengelolaan program belum dilaksanakan dengan baik. Persepsi staf dan klien terhadap peningkatan SDM puskesmas swadana belum berjalan dengan baik, insentif yang diterima belum memuaskan staf, disiplin belum sepenuhnya dapat dilaksanakan serta perubahan swadana relatif masih baru dan dalam tahap penyesuaian sehingga belum dipahami keswadanaan puskesmas.Dari hasil tersebut, disarankan bagi puskesmas swadana untuk melakukan persamaan persepsi diantara staf, melakukan upaya peningkatan pelayanan, peninjauan kembali pengaturan insentif, sosialisasi program puskesmas, dan melakukan upaya peningkatan SDM. Bagi Dinas Kesehatan Tingkat I DKI Jakarta dalam persiapan pembentukan puskesmas swadana diperlukan persamaan persepsi diantara staf serta melakukan evaluasi rutin kegiatan swadana. Bagi akademik disarankan untuk melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang penerapan konsep swadana terutama tentang persepsi staf dan klien terhadap puskesmas swadana.

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Perception of Staff and Client on Self-Financed (Swadana) Public Health Centers in Jakarta Year 2000 The status? changes in Tebet and Jatinegara Jakarta Public Health Centers, automatically influence the changes in organization, especially in management, organization's, structure, planning, and evaluation. The changes of the self-financed public health centers will changes the service quality, financial capability, quality of the operational program, and quality of human resources. These changes can be percept differently from one to another.

Perception is the important thing because person? attitude was based by their perception to the object and perception can determine the success of change realization in organization and influence individual's decision making in organization. How the self financed public health centers can be operated by individual who have had experience in operating the organization with the old system, is the thing which is need change in perception and correctly decisions making.

The main problem is the unknown perception of individual who involves in management of the two public health centers. So, the purpose of this research were getting information and to analyzing the perception of the staffs and clients of the two self financed public health centers in quality of services, financial capability, program management, and human resources.

This research used qualitative method. The data was taken from 13 staffs and 10 clients of Tebet and Jatinegara Public Health Centre by using in-depth interview. The data analysis used content analysis.

The result of this research showed that the quality of services in Tebet Self-financed Public Health Center is increased; while in Jatinegara Self-financed Health Center is not increase. According to that result, summonsed that not all of the self-financed public health center can not increase of the quality of the services. Functional income and the self-financed public Health Center able to improve the potency of the public financing. Quality of program management in Self-financed public health center is not increase. Human resources improvement was not well, the incentive is not satisfied the staffs and the discipline could not fully apply. The changes of self-financed public health center still new and in the adaptation stage, so they could not understood.

According to the result, author suggest to the public health center to make equal perception between the staffs, to increase quality of services, to arrange the incentive management, to socialize the public health center program, and to increase the quality of human resources. Health Sub Department is suggested to make equal perception as the preparation to other public health centers that will be a self-financed public health center. The academy is suggested to continue this research."

"Epigenetics in psychiatry covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing field, including drug addiction, bipolar disorder, epidemiology, cognitive disorders, and the uses of putative epigenetic-based psychotropic drugs. Uniquely, each chapter correlates epigenetics with relevant advances across genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The book acts as a catalyst for further research in this potentially very important and useful area of psychiatry.The elucidation of basic principles of epigenetic biology points to the creation of more optimal and effective therapies for major classes of psychiatric disease. In this regard, epigenetic therapy, the use of drugs to correct epigenetic defects, may help in the pharmacotherapy of patients with these disorders. With time, such advances may eventually point to replacements for psychotropic drugs presently of symptomatic value and low efficacy. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that other forms of treatment commonly used in the management of psychiatric disorders, like psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy, may also act by epigenetic mechanisms."