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"Background : Laminoplasty was developed to widen the spinal canal dimensions without permanently removing the dorsal elements of the cervical spine. The retained dorsal elements should aid in the prevention of muscle scarring to the dura and potentially reduce the incidence of postoperative instability.Cervical laminoplasty has been advocated as an alternative procedure to laminectomy for the decompression of the cervical spine. It provides favourable cord decompression and stabilisation of the cervical spine and is a simpler and safer alternative to anterior fusion and laminectomy for myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy, due to degenerative cervical stenosis. Most authors report outcome based on the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system. Reported results include mean preoperative and postoperative scores for all patients, and a calculated rate of recovery is provided. The mean recovery rate after the Hirabayashi expansive laminoplasty is approximately 60%. To know the outcome, we evaluated 9 patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis that had been treated with laminopalsty using JOA score and Oswestry disability index questioner also the correlation between them.Methods : We performed pre and post interventional study on patients with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis with moderate until severe stenosis that had failed non operative treatment from January 2007 -June 2008 at Cipto mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta. With JOA score as clinicall approach and Oswestri Disability Index (001) questioner by patient approach, we identify the cervical spine function of the patients before and after laminoplasty (1 month, & 6 month post operative)Results: There were significant difference of JOA and 001 score before and after decompression by laminoplasty with p<0.05. The improvement of cervical spine function also significantly increase until 6 months after surgery compare to the 1$ month post operative JOA and 001 score (p=0.028, p=0.035 respectically). There is strong correlation between them (r=0.804).Conclusion : Laminoplasty decompression technique can improve the cervical spine clinically (increase the JOA score) and quality of life (decrease the 001 score) of patient with degenerative cevical spinal stenosis."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks sebagai penyakit kanker tersering yang mendapatkan terapi pengganti ginjal berupa hemodialisis (HD). Gangguan ginjal yang terjadi pada kanker serviks dapat terkait kanker nya, nefropati obstruktif yang dapat menjadi sekuele kronik berupa penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) maupun AKI (acute kidney injury) yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD.

Tujuan: Mengetahui kesintasan tiga bulan pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD. Mengetahui hubungan antara usia, stadium kanker, faktor komorbid, hemodinamik pasca HD, akses vaskuler, rerata kenaikan berat badan antar HD, baseline kreatinin, baseline ureum dan baseline albumin dengan kesintasan tiga bulan pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi hemodialisis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RS Kanker Dharmais. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 1 Juli 2023 sampai dengan 30 Agustus 2023. Kriteria inklusi yaitu Pasien berusia lebih dari 18 tahun dan Pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD dengan indikasi akut di RS Kanker Dharmais. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu pasien dengan data yang tidak lengkap. Pengambilan data dari pencarian data dimulai dari login ke SIMRS RS kanker. Data akan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis univariat digunakan untuk mengetahui probabilitas menggunakan life table. Analisis bivariat menggunakan metode Kapplan Meier atau Regresi Cox Bivariat. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mengukur pengaruh secara bersama faktor yang mempengaruhi kesintasan dan untuk melihat variabel yang paling dominan pengaruhnya.

Hasil: Didapatkan 252 pasien yang telah memenuhi kriteria dan dapat dianalisis. Hasil akhir multivariat menunjukkan variabel hemodinamik pasca HD sistolik < 110 mmHg dan rerata kenaikan berat badan antar HD ≥ 5%; HR 3,354 (95% CI: 2,346 - 4,795; p = < 0,001) dan 1,685 (95% CI: 1,125 – 2,521; p < 0,011) bermakna mempengaruhi kesintasan tiga bulan pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD dengan kumlatif kesintasan adalah 49%.

Simpulan: Kumulatif kesintasan tiga bulan pasien kanker serviks yang membutuhkan inisiasi HD adalah 49%. Analisis bivariat maupun multivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara hemodinamik pasca HD sistolik < 110 mmHg dan rerata kenaikan berat badan antar HD ≥ 5%.

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Cervical cancer is the most common cancer that receives kidney replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis (HD). Kidney disorders that occur in cervical cancer can be related to the cancer, obstructive nephropathy which can become a chronic sequela in the form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or AKI (acute kidney injury) which requires HD initiation.

Objective: To determine the three-month survival of cervical cancer patients requiring HD initiation. To determine the relationship between age, cancer stage, comorbid factors, post-HD hemodynamics, vascular access, Weight gain, baseline creatinine, baseline urea and baseline albumin with three-month survival of cervical cancer patients who require HD initiation.

Methods: This research is a retrospective cohort study of medical records of cervical cancer patients who required initiation of hemodialysis. The research was carried out at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Data collection was carried out from 1 July 2023 to 30 August 2023. Inclusion criteria were patients aged more than 18 years and cervical cancer patients who required initiation of HD with acute indications at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Exclusion criteria are patients with incomplete data. Retrieval of data from data searches starts from logging into the SIMRS cancer hospital. Data will be analyzed univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Univariate analysis is used to determine the probability using a life table. Bivariate analysis uses the Kaplan Meier method or Bivariate Cox Regression. Multivariate analysis was carried out to measure the joint influence of factors that influence survival and to see which variables had the most dominant influence.

Results: There were 252 patients who met the criteria and could be analyzed. Multivariate final results showed post-HD systolic hemodynamic variables < 110 mmHg and Weight gain ≥ 5%; HR 3.354 (95% CI: 2.346 - 4.795; p = < 0.001) and 1.685 (95% CI: 1.125 - 2.521; p < 0.011) significantly influenced the survival of cervical cancer patients who required HD initiation.

Conclusion: The cumulative survival rate of cervical cancer patients requiring HD initiation is 49% at three months. Bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between hemodynamics after systolic HD < 110 mmHg and Weight gain ≥ 5%."

"Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil Treg (ditunjukkan oleh Foxp3), CD4, dan CD8 pada kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal dan dampaknya terhadap progresivitas tumor dan respons radiasi. Metode. Setelah disetujui oleh komite penelitian, kami mengumpulkan data pasien kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal yang menjalani radioterapi, di RSCM, Jakarta, pada Januari 2018 – Desember 2020. Subjek penelitian harus memiliki pencitraan pra dan paska radiasi dan spesimen blok parafin untuk memenuhi syarat dalam penelitian ini. Profil Foxp, CD4, dan CD8, akan dianalisis dengan imunohistokimia dengan penghitungan jumlah sel. Respons radiasi akan dianalisa dengan kriteria RECIST 1.1. Semua informasi klinis pasien yang diperlukan akan dikumpulkan dari rekam medis elektronik. Hasil. Kami menemukan bahwa sebagian besar pasien memiliki karsinoma sel skuamosa (93%), stadium IIIC (48%), dan menjalani radiasi saja (72%). Evaluasi RECIST menunjukkan 62% pasien memiliki respons lengkap, 28% respons parsial, dan 10% respons buruk (penyakit stabil dan progresif). Kami dapatkan median jumlah sel CD4 =29 (7 – 154), CD8 = 30 (6 – 227), dan Foxp3 = 36 (2 – 156). Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan volume tumor, dengan p = 0.858; p = 0.975, dan p = 0.723 masing masing. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna dengan dimensi terbesar tumor dengan p = 0.481, p = 0.480, dan p = 0.792 masing masing. Tidak ada pula hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan respons radiasi dengan p = 0.964, p = 0.296, dan p = 0.787 masing masing. Namun kami mendapatkan korelasi positif yang kuat dan bermakna pada jumlah sel tumor pada stroma, CD 4 - CD8 (r = 0.580, p=0.001); CD4 - Foxp3 (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), dan CD8 - Foxp3 (r = 0.652, p < 0.001). Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar pasien kanker stadium lanjut lokal yang menjalani radiasi memiliki respons lengkap. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara jumlah sel limfosit CD4, CD8, dan Foxp3 dengan volume tumor, dimensi terbesar tumor, dan respons radiasi. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat dan signifikan antar sel imun (CD4-CD8, CD4-Foxp3, dan CD8-Foxp3) pada lingkungan stroma.

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Aims: This study aims to determine profile of Treg (shown by Foxp3), CD4, and CD8 in locally advanced cervical cancer and the impact to tumor progressivity and radiation response. Method. After been approved by the institution research committee, we collect data of locally advanced of cervical cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy, at RSCM, Jakarta, in January 2018 – December 2020. Studies subjects must have pre and post irradiation imaging and paraffin block specimen to be eligible in this study. Profile of Foxp, CD4, and CD8, will be analyzed by immunohistochemistry, by counting the number of cells, and radiation response will be analyzed by RECIST 1.1 criteria. All necessary patient’s clinical information will be collected from electronic medical record. Result. We found that most of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma (93%), stage IIIC (48%), and underwent radiation alone (72%). RECIST evaluation showed 62% of patients had a complete response, 28% a partial response, and 10% had a poor response (stable and progressive disease). We found median CD4 cell counts = 29 (7 – 154), CD8 = 30 (6 – 227), and Foxp3 = 36 (2 – 156). There was no significant relationship between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with tumor volume, with p = 0.858; p = 0.975, and p = 0.723 respectively. There was no significant relationship with the dimensions of the largest tumor with p = 0.481, p = 0.480, and p = 0.792, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with radiation response with p = 0.964, p = 0.296, and p = 0.787, respectively. However, we found a strong and significant positive correlation in the number of tumor cells in the stroma, CD4 - CD8 (r = 0.580, p = 0.001); CD4 - Foxp3 (r = 0.699, p < 0.001), and CD8 - Foxp3 (r = 0.652, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Most locally advanced cancer patients who undergo radiation have a complete response. There are no significant relationships between the number of CD4, CD8, and Foxp3 lymphocytes with tumor volume, largest tumor dimensions, and radiation response. There is a strong and significant correlation between immune cells (CD4-CD8, CD4-Foxp3, and CD8-Foxp3) in the stromal environment."

"Penyintas kanker leher rahim masih mengalami ketakutan sepanjang hidupnya. Salah satu sumber ketakutan adalah kemungkinan mengalami kekambuhan walaupun sudah dinyatakan sembuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kisah penyintas kanker leher rahim yang mengalami kekambuhan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif "life history". Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam pada dua penyintas kanker, analisa dengan menceritakan kembali kisah penyintas dalam bentuk tema. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penyintas kanker leher rahim saat mengalami kekambuhan menerima kondisi kekambuhannya dengan berbagai proses kehidupan yang dialami yaitu terpenuhinya rasa aman setelah terapi dinyatakan selesai, kembalinya tanda gejala awal dan lanjutan, menjalani terapi kembali, penolakan terhadap kondisi kekambuhan, menghindari kontak sosial saat mengalami kekambuhan, memperoleh dukungan saat mengalami kekambuhan, sampai menerima kondisi kekambuhan. Oleh karena itu pentingnya pemahaman tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat untuk mengetahui kisah hidup penyintas kanker leher rahim dengan kekambuhan sehingga dapat memberikan tindakan dan dukungan yang tepat pada setiap periode kekambuhan yang dilalui dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya.

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Cervical cancer survivors are still experiencing fear throughout her life. One source of fear is likely to experience a recurrence despite being declared cured. This study aims to explore the story of cervical cancer survivors who experienced recurrence by using a qualitative approach life history. Data were collected by indepth interviews in two cancer survivors, analysied by retelling the story of the survivors in the form of theme.

The results of this study found that cervical cancer survivors experienced a recurrence while receiving recurrence with various process conditions of life experienced, that sense of fulfillment after the treatment was complete, marks the return of the symptoms of early and advanced, come back to therapy, the rejection of recurrence conditions, avoid social contact when experiencing a recurrence, obtaining support when experiencing a recurrence, to accept the conditions of recurrence. Hence the importance of understanding health professionals, especially nurses to know the life story of cervical cancer survivors with recurrence so as to provide appropriate action and support on any recurrence period which passed in improving the quality of life."

"ABSTRAKNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang berkaitan dengan kondisi kurang kalori dan diet tinggi lemak. NAFLD menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria dan menurunkan aktivitas MnSOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan respon hepatosit pada pemberian diet tinggi lemak (DTL) pada tikus dengan intake kalori berbeda selama masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan organ hati Spraque Dawley usia 6 minggu yang telah diberi intake kalori berbeda selama 8 minggu, dilanjutkan dengan diet tinggi lemak selama 20 minggu. Terdiri atas kelompok kurang kalori+diet tinggi lemak (KK+TL), cukup kalori+diet tinggi lemak (CK+TL), tinggi kalori+diet tinggi lemak (TK+DL) dan kontrol (diet standar). Parameter yang diperiksa adalah berat organ, histopatologi (HE dan Masson trichrom) serta aktivitas MnSOD (ELISA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan berat organ dan aktifitas MnSOD pada semua kelompok. Steatosis ditemukan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan prosentase steatosis kelompok KK+TL lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok CK+TL, TK+TL dan kontrol (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: pemberian DTL selama 20 minggu pada tikus dewasa dengan riwayat intake kalori yang berbeda semasa pertumbuhan dapat menyebabkan steatosis, namun belum diikuti dengan gangguan aktivitas MnSOD. Oleh karena itu pemberian diet tinggi lemak pada kasus kurang kalori protein masih perlu dipertimbangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut terkait faktor keamanan dan manfaatnya pada usia dewasa.

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ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a degenerative disease associated with less of calorie and high-fat diet (HFD). NAFLD causes mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing of MnSOD activity. This study aimed to compare the response of hepatocytes to the provision of HFD in rat with different caloric intake during infancy. This study uses the liver of 6 weeks Spraque Dawley rats which have been given a different caloric intake for 8 weeks, followed by HFD for 20 weeks. The groups were divided into less calorie + HFD (KK+TL), enough calories + HFD (CK+TL), high-calorie + HFD (TK+TL), and control. The parameters examined were liver weights, histopathology (HE and Masson Trichrome) and MnSOD activity (ELISA). The result showed no differences in liver weights and MnSOD activity in all groups. Steatosis was found in research groups, with higher percentage in KK+TL compared to CK+TL, TK+TL, and control (p<0,05). We conclude that giving of HFD for 20 weeks in adult rat with a history of different calorie intake during growth may cause steatosis, but there is no MnSOD activity disorder. Therefore, the provision of HFD in the case of less calorie still need to be considered and investigated especially for its safety and efficiency."

"Penyakit pada Lanjut usia umumnya penyakit degeneratif, yang penanganannya membutuhkan waktu lama dan biaya tinggi, ini menjadi beban yang berat bagi pemerintah. Puskesmas Santun Lansia merupakan puskesmas yang memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada penduduk Lansia yang meliputi promotif, kuratif, preventif, rehabilitatif. Pemeliharaan kesehatan lanjut usia seharusnya lebih mengutamakan promotif dan preventif yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing pada tahun 2019 dan apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi formatif terhadap Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari staf program di Puskesmas, Kader Lansia dan pendamping Lansia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran dokumen dan literatur, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pelaksanaan terhadap kegiatan promotif dalam Program Santun Lansia di Puskesmas kecamatan Cilincing pada tahun 2019 telah berjalan sesuai rencana yang tertuang dalam model logika Rancangan Usulan Kegiatan pada tahun 2019 Puskesmas Santun Lansia kecamatan Cilincing dan diharapkan kegiatan promotif dalam program Santun Lansia ini tetap dipertahankan keberadaanya di masa mendatang, karena Lansia sebagai sasaran langsung (direct beneficiaries) sangat merasakan manfaatnya setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini. Kegiatan ini memiliki faktor-faktor pendukung yaitu; 1) Lokasi Puskesmas yang berdekatan dengan rumah para kader; 2) Jumlah Kader Lansia yang cukup; 3) Pengetahuan dan pemahaman para Kader dan Lansia terhadap kesehatan yang memadai; 4) Pelayanan Kesehatan Santun Lansia di Poli Lansia Puskesmas kecamatan Cilincing yang sudah berjalan sesuai rencana; 5) Koordinasi lintas sektor antara kecamatan, kelurahan, RW dan Kader serta Puskesmas yang terbina dengan baik. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambatnya yaitu; 1) Belum ada anggaran untuk transportasi para Petugas Puskesmas dan Kader untuk mengunjungi rumah para Lansia; 2) Ruangan Poli Lansia yang kurang luas; 3) Pencatatan laporan kegiatan Lansia yang masih secara manual; 4) Keterbatasan komunikasi dan mobilitas Lansia untuk datang ke Kegiatan Promotif Santun Lansia; 5) Perlunya reward agar Lansia mau hadir ke Kegiatan Promotif; 6) Keterbatasan anggaran yang menunjang kegiatan promotif Lansia.

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The disease in the elderly is generally a degenerative disease, which takes a long time to handle and costs a lot of money. This becomes a heavy burden for the government. The Puskesmas Santun Lansia is a public health center that provides health services to the elderly, including promotive, curative, preventive, rehabilitative. Health care for the elderly should give priority to quality promotion and prevention. This study aims to evaluate how the process of implementing the Promotional Activities in the Santun Lansia Program at the Cilincing District Health Center in 2019 and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of this activity. This research is a formative evaluation research on the implementation process of Promotional Activities in the Santun Lansia program at the Cilincing District Health Center which is still running until the end of 2019. This study uses a qualitative research approach with purposive techniques and snowball sampling. The informants of this study consisted of program staff at the Puskesmas, elderly cadres and elderly assistants. The data was collected through document and literature search, observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that the implementation process of the promotional activities in the Santun Lansia Program at the Cilincing Subdistrict Health Center in 2019 has been going according to the plan set out in the logic model of the Proposed Activity Design in 2019 Puskesmas Santun Lansia, Cilincing district and it is hoped that promotional activities in this Santun Lansia program their existence will be maintained in the future, because the elderly as direct beneficiaries really feel the benefits after participating in this activity. The supporting factors; 1) Location of the Puskesmas near to the houses of the cadres; 2) Sufficient number of Elderly cadres; 3) Knowledge and understanding of cadres, the Elderly towards adequate health; 4) Health Services for the Elderly in Puskesmas Cilincing, which has gone according to plan; 5) Cross-sector well coordination between sub-districts, and cadres and Puskesmas. The inhibiting factors; 1) No budget for transportation of Puskesmas officers and cadres to visit the homes of the Elderly; 2) The Poli Room at Puskesmas is less spacious; 3) Manual recording of Elderly reports; 4) Limited communication and mobility for the Elderly to come to Promotional Activities; 5) The need for rewards, that the Elderly want to attend the Promotional Activities; 6) Limited budget to support promotional activities for the Elderly."

"Latar belakang : Meningkatnya faktor-faktor penyebab dan kasus penyakit degeneratif dan kardiovaskular dari hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala selama 3 tahun (2009-2011) dan kurangnya respon pekerja terhadap program promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan sebelumnya di suatu perusahaan kimia di Cilegon mendorong dilakukannya suatu program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan yang diharapkan dapat menurunkan dan mengendalikan gula darah puasa, kolesterol total dan tekanan darah pada pekerja dengan obesitas sentral.Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional (potong lintang) komparatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder untuk membandingkan nilai beberapa parameter sindroma metabolik yaitu gula darah puasa, tekanan darah serta kolesterol total pada sebelum dan sesudah program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan terhadap pekerja dengan obesitas sentral.Hasil penelitian : Empat puluh pekerja dengan obesitas sentral mengikuti program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan. Terdapat perubahan signifikan gula darah puasa dan kolesterol total antara sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti program. Hal tersebut sudah dapat ditunjukkan setelah satu bulan mengikuti program.Sementara tekanan darah tetap berkisar normal.Kesimpulan : Ada perubahan bermakna gula darah puasa dan kolesterol total sebelum dan sesudah program wellness melibatkan keluarga selama 6 bulan terhadap pekerja dengan obesitas sentral. Kata Kunci : Obesitas Sentral, gula darah puasa, kolesterol total, tekanan darah ,Program Wellness melibatkan keluarga, 6 bulan.

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Background : Numbers of degenerative and cardiovascular causal factors and cases from 3 years periodic medical examination (2009-2011) increased and workers showed lack of interest to site health promotion programs which have been done previously at a chemical manufacture in Cilegon. This leads to initiate a 6 month wellness program plus family interactions with the intention to decrease and control fasting blood sugar level, total cholesterol and blood pressure to workers with central obesity.Methods : The research design is a comparative cross sectional to determine whether the changes of several metabolic syndrome parameter values prior to and after 6 months wellness program plus family interactions to workers with central obesity. It used secondary data.Result : Forty workers with central obesity participated in the six months wellness program plus family interactions. There were significant changes of fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol, even after one month participation in the program. However, blood pressure did not significantly changed.Conclusion : There were changes on fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol significantly by partcipatin on pre and post 6 months wellness program plus family interactions to workers with central Key Word : Central obesity, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, blood pressure , wellness program with family interactions and 6 months"

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Latar Belakang: Ekstrak mangga telah terbukti memiliki efek antikanker terhadap kanker serviks, namun kemang (Mangifera kemanga) sebagai kerabat mangga yang belum banyak diteliti diduga memiliki efek yang sama. Tujuan: Mengetahui kandungan golongan senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan nheksan buah kemang serta menguji efek sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa. Metode: Daging buah kemang diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Uji fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis menggunakan ketiga ekstrak digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia yang ada. Uji MTT dilakukan pada ketiga ekstrak yang diuji terhadap sel HeLa untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik sampel dalam nilai IC50. Hasil: Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah kemang mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, dan alkaloid. Uji kromatografi lapis tipis dengan eluen non polar menunjukkan satu titik dengan Rf 0,82 pada ekstrak etanol; enam titik dengan Rf 0,16, 0,36, 0,49, 0,76, 0,82, dan 0,94 pada ekstrak etil asetat; dan enam titik dengan Rf 0,36, 0,48, 0,63, 0,75, 0,83, dan 0,93 pada ekstrak n- heksan. Uji MTT mendapatkan nilai IC50 terhadap sel HeLa, berturut-turut untuk ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksan, adalah 44,34, 16,41, dan 43,23 ppm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak buah kemang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antikanker terhadap kanker serviks.

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Background: Mango extract has been proven in its anticancer effect against cervical cancer, however kemang (Mangifera kemanga), despite being a relative of mango, has not been thoroughly researched although expected to give the same effect. Objective: To identify the contents contained in the ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract of kemang flesh and examine its cytotoxic effect on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Methods: Kemang flesh was extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Phytochemical tests and thin-layer chromatography on the extracts were conducted to identify the phytochemical contents. MTT assay was carried out using the extracts against HeLa cells to find out the cytotoxic effect of the samples in IC50 values. Results: Phytochemical tests revealed that kemang flesh extract contains flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid, and alkaloid. Thin-layer chromatography test with nonpolar eluent showed one spot with Rf of 0.82 in ethanol extract; six spots with Rf of 0.16, 0.36, 0.49, 0.76, 0.82, and 0.94 in ethyl acetate extract; and six spots with Rf of 0.36, 0.48, 0.63, 0.75, 0.83, and 0.93 in n-hexane extract. MTT assay obtained IC50 values for HeLa cells, respectively for ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, were 44.34, 16.41, and 43.23 ppm. Conclusion: Kemang fruit extract has potential as an anticancer agent against cervical cancer.

 

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"Ruang Iingkup dan cara penelitian: Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa buah dan sayur berperan panting dalam mencegah berbagai penyakit degeneratif dan penuaan dini. Di dalam bahan slam pangan ini banyak terkandung senyawa fitokimia yang berperan sebagai somber antioksidan. Beberapa antioksidan terdapat di dalam bahan alam pangan, seperti vitamin C, vitamin E, karotenoid dan polifenol. Telah banyak dilaporkan bahwa kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan lebih besar dibandingkan vitamin C, E dan karotenoid. Setiap bahan slam pangan memiliki jenis dan aktivitas antioksidan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan fenol total yang terkandung dalam ekstrak bahan alam pangan, yaitu jahe, mengkudu, pisang, tomat, bawang merah, bawang putih dan minyak buah merah (MBM), serta menganalisis kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak tersebut. Aktivitas antioksidan total ditentukan dengan metode penghambatan radikal bebas sintetik 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH'), sedangkan kandungan fend total diukur dengan metode Singleton dan Rossi menggunakan pereaksi Folln Ciocalteu. Analisis kontribusi senyawa fenol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode statistik analisis regresi. Pengujian diawali dengan mencelupkan bahan ke dalam alkohol mendidih kemudian bahan tersebut dilumatkan, ekstraksi dilakukan dengan aseton 80% atau metanol 70%, sedangkan MBM diekstraksi dengan campuran air dan heksan. Larutan ekstrak kerudian dikeringkan dan residu dilarutkan dengan metanol 50% seterusnya dilakukan pengukuran kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total. Kandungan fenol total dinyatakan sebagai mg ekivalen asam galat/l00 g bahan segar, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan total dinyatakan sebagai pmo! ekivalen - TROLOX, butil hidroksi toluen (BHT), dan vitamin C/100 g bahan segar. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total untuk semua bahan (kecuali MBM) yang diekstraksi dengan aseton 80% dibandingkan dengan metanol 70% tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Jahe mempunyai kandungan fenol total yang paling tinggi, diikuti mengkudu, bawang merah, bawang putih, pisang, tomat dengan pembanding asam galat. Sedangkan kandungan fenol total MBM hampir tidak terdeteksi. Antioksidan sintetik TROLOX mempunyai kekuatan antioksidan yang lebih besar dibandingkan vitamin C dan BHT dalam menangkal radikal bebas DPPH. Jahe mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi, diikuti mengkudu, pisang, bawang merah, bawang putih dan MBM bail( dengan pembanding TROLOX, BHT maupun vitamin C. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi dinyatakan korelasi antara kandungan fenol total dan aktivitas antioksidan total cukup kuat dengan koefisien korelasi, R2 = 0.81, terutama untuk jahe, mengkudu, pisang dan MBM. Dad hasii ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa fenol pada bahan alam tersebut memberikan kontribusi kuat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, karena 81% kapasitas antioksidan dari bahan alam pangan tersebut berasal dari senyawa-senyawa fenol. Sedangkan senyawa fenol pada bawang merah, bawang putih dan tomat memberi kontribusi yang kurang kuat, yang mungkin disebabkan adanya kandungan antioksidan lain di dalam bahan alam tersebut yang lebih dominan seperti: karotenoid, vitamin C dan vitamin E.

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Several studies have demonstrated that fruits and vegetables play an essential role in preventing degenerative diseases and aging process. Plant foods contain many phytochemicals which have an antioxidant effect, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenols. There were several reports that the contribution of phenol compounds to antioxidant activity was much greater than those of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. Plant foods contain many different classes and activity of antioxidant. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenols content in several plant food extracts, i.e. ginger, noni, tomato, banana, shallot, garlic and red fruit oil (RFC)), as well as to analyze the contribution of phenol compounds to total antioxidant activity of these extracts. The total antioxidant activity was determined using 1-diphenyl-2 pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH') free radical scavenging method, whereas the total phenols content was measured using Fofin Ciocalteu reagent based on Singleton & Rossi method. The contribution of phenol compounds was statistically analyzed using regression analysis method. The experiment was started by plunging the materials into boiling alcohol then blend and extracted the materials with 80% acetone and 70% methanol respectively, whereas RFO was extracted using H2O : hexane (1:1). Extract solution was evaporated until dryness then dissolved with methanol 50%. The total phenols content were expressed as galic acid equivalent/100 g fresh weight and the total antioxidant activity as TROLOX, Butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) and vitamin C equivalent/100 g fresh weight. The total phenols content and total antioxidant activity of almost every plant foods (except RFO) extracted using 80% of acetone compared to 70% of methanol statistically showed no significant difference. Ginger extract has the highest total phenols content, followed by noni, shallot, garlic, banana and tomato. Surprisingly, the total phenol content of RFO extract was almost undetected. In scavenging the free radical of DPPH', TROLOX, an synthetic antioxidant, has an antioxidant capacity higher than other synthetic antioxidant, such as Vitamin C and BHT. The total antioxidant activity of ginger was the highest one, followed by noni, banana, shallot, garlic and RFO extracts, using either TROLOX, BHT or Vitamin C as a standard. The result of statistical regression analysis showed the good correlation between total phenols content and total antioxidant activity with a coefficient of R2 = 0.81, especially in ginger, noni, banana and RFO extracts. Therefore, we could conclude that the phenol compounds of these plant food extracts give a strong contribution to antioxidant activity, since 81% of antioxidant capacity of these extracts come from the phenol compounds. However, the contribution of phenol compounds in shallot, garlic or tomato extracts to total antioxidant activity was not dominant due to the presence of other essential natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamin C and vitamin E."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Keterlibatan vertebra servikal akibat trauma, penyakit degeneratif dan neoplasma sering diperlukan tindakan intervensi pembedahan. Pengetahuan anatomis yang detail tentang vertebra servikal sangat dibutuhkan akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan pada dimensi vertebra pada beberapa ras. Pengetahuan dimensi elemen vertebra sangat penting untuk perkembangan instrumentasi pada tulang belakang servikal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data mengenai morfometrik vertebra servikal pada populasi orang IndonesiaMetode Penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 66 spesimen kering vertebra servikal dimana 33 berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 33 perempuan yang didapatkan dari Departemen Anatomi pada enam fakultas kedokteran. Hanya vertebra yang intak, tanpa osteofit atau metastasis tumor diperiksa pada penelitian ini. Semua parameter linear diukur dengan menggunakan caliper digital vernier dengan akurasi 0,01 mm, caliper tersebut mempunyai depth gauge yang digunakan untuk mengukur dimensi vertebra servikal. Pengukuran angular dengan menggunakan goniometri standard. Semua pengukuran vertebra servikal dilakukan oleh tiga orang. Semua struktur yang simetris diukur secara bilateralHasil Penelitian. Secara umum tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada beberapa komponen vertebra servikal. Vertebra servikal pada spesimen laki-laki secara umum mempunyai ukuran rerata yang lebih besar meskipunpada beberapa komponen pada perempuan lebih tinggi. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditemukan pada lebar pedikel pada C3, 4, 5 dan 7 untuk pedikel sisi kanan dan kiri.Kesimpulan. Penelitian morfometrik ini yang dilakukan pada populasi orang Indonesia akan sangat berarti untuk instrumentasi yang baik pada tulang belakang servikal dimana dimensi berukuran kecil pada vertebra servikal mempunyai tantangan tersendiri pada ahli bedah selama pemasangan plate dan screw.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction. The predilection of the cervical spine to a wide array of traumatic, degenerative and neoplastic disease necessitates frequent surgical intervention. A detailed anatomical knowledge of the cervical spine is required but variability in vertebral dimension exists amongst different races. Knowing the dimensions of the vertebral elements is very important for the development of instrumentation to the cervical spine. The aim of the study was to present a morphometric reference database for cervical vertebra of the Indonesian population.Methods. The study was conducted on 66 dried human cervical vertebra of 33 males and 33 females collected from the Department Anatomy of six medical colleges were examined. Only intact vertebrae, free from any osteophytes or metastatic tumors were excluded in the study. All linear parameter were measured using a digital vernier caliper accurate to 0.01 mm, the caliper had a depth gauge which was used to measured the dimensions of cervical vertebra. The angular measurements were made using a standard goniometer. All measurements were made by three observers. All symmetrical structure were measured bilaterally.Results. Generally we find no significant difference between measurement components. Men cervical specimen generally had higher number of mean, although for several components women were higher. Significance difference were found for pedicle width C3, 4, 5 and 7, for both right and left pedicles .Conclusions. The present morphometric study in Indonesian population would be valuable for the successful instrumentation of the cervical spine as smaller dimension of the cervical vertebrae pose a challenge to the surgeon during application of plates and screw"