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"Hasil penelitian terdahulu mengenai pengaruh karakteristik CEO seperti pendidikan, usia, dan masa jabatan terhadap kinerja keuangan di perusahaan memiliki penemuan yang bervariasi. Untuk menambah wawasan terkait hubungan ini lebih lanjut, peneliti melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui peran karakteristik CEO dan kompensasi CEO secara bersamaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan rasio return on assets (ROA). Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan data yang dikumpulkan secara manual dari sampel 31 perusahaan sektor consumer non- cyclical yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia berdasarkan Upper Echelons Theory dan Agency Theory. Hasil analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa variabel karakteristik CEO yaitu masa jabatan (tenure) memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan dimana semakin panjang masa jabatan seorang CEO, maka akan semakin rendah kinerja keuangan perusahaannya. Sedangkan variabel usia (age), pendidikan (education), dan kompensasi (compensation) CEO tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan sektor consumer non-cyclical mungkin perlu melakukan evaluasi rutin kinerja, rotasi CEO berkala, dan menetepakan KPI (Key Performa Index) yang terukur dan jelas untuk mengurangi agency problem theory terkait masa jabatan (tenure) CEO yang panjang sehingga pengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja keuangan dapat diminimalkan.

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Previous research on the influence of CEO characteristics such as education, age, and tenure on a company's financial performance has yielded varied findings. To further understand this relationship, researchers conducted a study to examine the combined effect of CEO characteristics and CEO compensation on financial performance, as proxied by the return on assets (ROA) ratio. This study's analysis used secondary data and manually collected data from a sample of 31 non-cyclical consumer sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, based on Upper Echelons Theory and Agency Theory. The panel data analysis results showed that the CEO characteristic variable, tenure, had a significant negative effect on a company's financial performance; the longer a CEO's tenure, the lower the company's financial performance. In contrast, the variables of age, education, and CEO compensation did not affect financial performance. These findings suggest that companies in the non-cyclical consumer sector may need to conduct regular performance evaluations, periodic CEO rotations, and establish clear and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to mitigate agency problems related to long CEO tenures, thereby minimizing the negative impact on financial performance."

"The purpose of this thesis is to map the readiness of Indonesian companies that is represented by the manufacturing companies to adopt the Global Reporting Initiatives 2006 by conducting a content analysis on the 2005 companies? annual report. Based on the content analysis performed, we conclude that there is a pattern of CSR disclosures among companies observed. Companies that are classified as members of such industries tend to have different focus of CSR activities and disclosures in their annual report compare to companies of the other industries, the more sensitive the industry that one company is grouped in, the higher the disclosures of CSR activities of the company. We also found that the bigger the size of a company and group companies tend to have more disclosures on CSR activities in their annual report. We found that companies with strong financial stability tend to have more disclosures on CSR activities compare to ones that are weaker financially. The second purpose of this thesis is to examine how corporate social performance disclosure affects the profitability performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The corporate social performance index used is designed and created through conducting a content analysis. This thesis use ROA (Return on Asset), ROS (Return on Sales), and ROE (Return on Equity) to measure profitability performance of manufacturing companies in year 2005. There are 97 samples taken from 146 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2005. The findings are corporate social performance positively affects the profitability performance of manufacturing companies and research and development activities do not neutralize the relation between CSP and firm performance. These suggest that, although important, research and development is not an effective tool to improve the performance of manufacturing companies. This thesis also documents evidence proving that size give insignificant effect on the level of corporate social performance that disclosed by the manufacturing companies. This means that size gives indifferent effect on CSP."

"Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk dapat mengetahui bagaimana perusahaan Aplikasi Super dapat menjadi untung di tengah memelihara pertumbuhan perusahaan tanpa adanya dana dari investor. Metode analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kasus yang menekan pada satu kasus. Metode yang digunakan adalah case study dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi Super dapat bertahan tanpa perlu mendapatkan uang lagi dari investor dengan cara menaikkan laba kotor hingga 5,51% melalui memproduksi barang sembako sendiri seperti makanan, minuman, dan lain-lain yang memberikan laba kotor lebih dari 30% dan melalui Corporate Action akuisisi perusahaan penghasil sembako.

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This research aims to find out how a Super Application company can becomeprofitable while maintaining the company's growth without any funding from investors. The analytical method used is the case study method which emphasizes one case. The method used is a case study with a qualitative and quantitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that Super Applications can survive without the need to get funding from investors by increasing gross profit up to 5.51% through producing basic food items such as food, beverages, etc., which

provide a gross profit of more than 30% and through Corporate Actions to acquire food-producing companies."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh interaksi kejadian pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia pada periode waktu 2018-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan regresi data panel dengan menganalisis 51 perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia antara tahun 2018-2022 sebagai sampel penelitian. ROA dan YOI merupakan variabel dependen dalam penelitian yang merepresentasikan kinerja keuangan. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini di antaranya adalah pandemi Covod-19, interaksi antara pandemi Covid-19 dengan ukuran perusahaan, interaksi antara pandemi Covid-19 dengan rasio beban klaim perusahaan, interaksi antara pandemi Covid-19 dengan rasio kecukupan investasi perusahaan, dan interaksi antara pandemi Covid-19 dengan rasio likuiditas perusahaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan negatif antara pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari variabel interaksi pandemi Covid-19 dan variabel kontrol terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia.

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This study aims to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of general insurance companies in Indonesia during the period of 2018–2022. This study uses a panel data regression approach by analyzing 51 general insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between the periods of 2018 and 2022 as research samples. ROA and YOI are the dependent variables that represent financial performance. The independent variables in this study are the COVID-19 pandemic, the interaction between COVID-19 pandemic and company size, the interaction between COVID-19 pandemic and claim expense ratio, the interaction between COVID-19 pandemic and investment adequacy ratio, and the interaction between COVID-19 pandemic and liquidity ratio. The results of this research show that there is a significant negative influence between the COVID-19 pandemic and the general insurance companies’ performances in Indonesia. However, the findings also found that there are no significant influences from the interaction between the COVID-19 pandemic and control variables on the financial performance of general insurance companies in Indonesia."

"Pandangan terkait dengan Resource Based View memiliki perspektif bahwa social capital yang dimiliki oleh anggota dewan perusahaan dapat menjadi kekuatan serta keunggulan bagi perusahaan. Salah satu bentuk dari social capital tersebut adalah koneksi internal yang terjalin antar anggota dewan baik komisaris maupun direksi perusahaan. Penelitian yang mengkaji terkait koneksi internal dewan perusahaan sampai sejauh ini masih relatif jarang dijumpai di dalam literatur keuangan, khususnya di Indonesia. Di dalam penelitian ini akan ditelusuri bagaimana pengaruh dari board internal connection terhadap kinerja perusahaan di Indonesia. Sampel yang diamati meliputi perusahaan publik pada seluruh sektor di Indonesia terkecuali sektor keuangan selama periode tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2019. Di samping itu mengingat mayoritas perusahaan di Indonesia di dominasi oleh perusahaan keluarga, maka dalam penelitian ini akan ditelusuri juga bagaimana kehadiran dari adanya kontrol keluarga dapat mempengaruhi hubungan antara board internal connection terhadap kinerja perusahaan di Indonesia. Pada hasil pengujian empiris yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa adanya kontrol keluarga di dalam perusahaan mampu memperlemah hubungan positif antara board internal connection terhadap kinerja perusahaan.

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Resource Based View has a perspective that board social capital can become an advantage for the company. Internal connection is one of the social capital that exist in firm’s board members. Empirical study that focus on investigating the board internal connection on firm performance are still rare in the financial literature, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of board internal connection on firm performance in Indonesia. This study employs a sample comprising all Indonesian listed companies during the period 2017 to 2019, excluding the financial and banking sector. Majority of companies in Indonesia are dominated by family companies, so in this study also investigates how the existence of family control can affect the relations between board internal connection and firm performance in Indonesia. This study provides empirical evidence that the existence of family control in the company weaken the positive relationship between board internal connection and firm performance."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan dari struktur jajaran direksi dan dewan komisaris terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Variabel dependen adalah ROA dan Tobin?s q sedangkan variabel independen adalah ukuran jajaran direksi, keberadaan direktur wanita, ukuran dewan komisaris, presentase komisaris independen, lama direktur menjabat, jumlah rapat, leverage , umur perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan dan lama listing. Penelitian ini membuktikan ukuran jajaran direksi mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan baik segi keuangan (ROA), maupun dari segi pasar (Tobin?s q). Keberadaan direktur wanita tidak mempunyai hubungan terhadap kinerja perusahan baik segi keuangan (ROA), maupun dari segi pasar(Tobin?s q). Ukuran dewan komisaris tidak mempunyai hubungan terhadap kinerja perusahan dari segi keuangan (ROA) dan mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap kinerja perusahan dari segi pasar (Tobin?sq). Komisaris independen tidak mempunyai hubungan terhadap kinerja perusahan baik segi keuangan (ROA), maupun dari segi pasar(Tobin?s q).

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to examine the relationship of the Board of Director and Board of Commissioner?s structure towards the company's performance. Dependence variable are ROA and Tobin?s q, whereas independence variable are size of Board of Direction, presence female directors, size of Board of Commissioner, president director tenure, number board meetings, leverage, firm age, size of the company, and years listing. This research proof that size of the board of director gives positive relationship towards company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between presence of female director with company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between size of board of commissioner with company?s performance in financial terms (ROA) and have a positive relationship towards company?s performance and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between independent commissioner with company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market terms (Tobin?s Q).;The aim of this research is to examine the relationship of the Board of Director and Board of Commissioner?s structure towards the company's performance. Dependence variable are ROA and Tobin?s q, whereas independence variable are size of Board of Direction, presence female directors, size of Board of Commissioner, president director tenure, number board meetings, leverage, firm age, size of the company, and years listing. This research proof that size of the board of director gives positive relationship towards company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between presence of female director with company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between size of board of commissioner with company?s performance in financial terms (ROA) and have a positive relationship towards company?s performance and market value (Tobin?s Q). There is no relationship between independent commissioner with company?s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market terms (Tobin?s Q)., The aim of this research is to examine the relationship of the Board of Director and Board of Commissioner’s structure towards the company's performance. Dependence variable are ROA and Tobin’s q, whereas independence variable are size of Board of Direction, presence female directors, size of Board of Commissioner, president director tenure, number board meetings, leverage, firm age, size of the company, and years listing. This research proof that size of the board of director gives positive relationship towards company’s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin’s Q). There is no relationship between presence of female director with company’s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market value (Tobin’s Q). There is no relationship between size of board of commissioner with company’s performance in financial terms (ROA) and have a positive relationship towards company’s performance and market value (Tobin’s Q). There is no relationship between independent commissioner with company’s performance both in financial terms (ROA) and market terms (Tobin’s Q).]"

"Reksa Dana Pendapatan Tetap (RDPT) adalah sebuah wahana investasi yang relatif barn berkembang di Indonesia. Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan jurnlah RDPT meningkat pesat setelah munculnya produk bare yang bernama Surat Utang Negara.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kinerja RDPT di Indonesia selama tahun 2001-2004. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat kinerja berdasarkan risk-adjusted return dirnana metode yang dipakai adalah Information Ratio dan Downside Risk Metode yang dipakai mengukur Information Ratio adalah Model Goodwin sementara metode untuk mengukur Downside Risk menggunakan Metode Net Selectivity. Net Selectivity yang digunakan adalah Net Selectivity Fama dan Net Selectivity Kochman. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat apakah return RDPT mempunyai kemencengan dan apakah ada ROPT yang mempunyai Downside Risk lebih kecil dari beta RDPT itu sendiri.Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja reksa dana berdasarkan karakteristik RDPT. Model yang digunakan adalah modifikasi dari Model Philpot . Adapun variabel yang akan diteliti adalah return periode sebelumnya, aset suatu RDPT dari periode sebelumnya, expense ratio, dan usia suatu RDPT.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Manajer Investasi tidak mampu memberikan nilai Information Ratio yang balk. Downside Risk RDPT secara rata-rata terbukti juga sangat tinggi. RDPT mempunyai kerencengan negatif dan terdapat sebuah RDPT yang mempunyai Downside Risk lebih kecil daripada betanya sendiri. Hasil regresi karakteristik RDPT menunjukkan bahwa variabel return sebelumnya dan asset tidak mempengaruhi return RDPT. Sementara itu, expense ratio berpengaruh secara positif signifikan pada return dan variabel usia berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap return RDPT.

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Fixed-income mutual funds are relatively new investment vehicle in Indonesia. The significant growth of them are initially triggered by the issues of government bank recapitalisation bonds.

The research is intended to evaluate the performance of fixed-income mutual funds during the years 2001 -2004. We aim to evaluate the performance based on risk-adjusted returns by the Information Ratio and Downside Risk criterias. We employ the Goodwin Model for Information Ratio and Net Selectivity Model for performance evaluation. The Net Selectivity models we used are from Fama's Net Selectivity and Kochman's Net Selecitvity. Furthermore, this research also aims to find if fixed-income mutual funds exhibit skewness and locate any fixed-income mutual fund that posses downside risk less than required by its respective beta.

This research also investigates attributes influencing fixed income mutual funds returns. We employ Philpot's Model with four experimental variables represent the attributes of individual mutual funds, and include prior return, prior total net assets, expense ratio, and age of fixed income mutual funds.

The result showed that fund managers were unable to generate good Information Ratio and minimize downside risk. Fixed-income mutual funds exhibited negative skewness and we also found a fixed-income mutual fund that possesed downside risk below its respective beta. The result also showed that a fixed-income mutual funds return is unrelated to its prior return and its assets. However, a fixed-icome mutual funds return is positively related to its expense ratio and is negatively related to its age."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh struktur modal dan konsentrasi kepemilikan terhadap kinerja 83 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2017 - 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan utang jangka pendek terhadap total aset dan utang jangka panjang terhadap total aset untuk mengukur struktur modal. Sementara untuk konsentrasi kepemilikan digunakan proporsi kepemilikan pemegang saham terbesar dan lima terbesar dari total pemegang saham perusahaan. Untuk kinerja perusahaan digambarkan dengan return on asset (ROA). Analisis regresi data panel menggunakan software STATA, dengan metode Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Peneliti juga menguji efek non-linear antara struktur modal terhadap kinerja perusahaan yang menunjukkan hubungan positif namun tidak signifikan, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa struktur modal lebih mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara negatif dibandingkan efek positifnya. Untuk konsentrasi kepemilikan juga tidak ditemukan hasil yang signifikan dari kedua proksi. Hal ini berarti kepemilikan saham perusahaan yang terkonsentrasi maupun terdiversifikasi tidak mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan.

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This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure and ownership concentration on the performance of 83 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 - 2021. This study uses short-term debt to total assets and long-term debt to total assets to measure capital structure. Meanwhile, for the concentration of ownership, the proportion of ownership of the largest and the five largest shareholders of the company's total shareholders is used. The company's performance is described by return on assets (ROA). Panel data regression analysis using STATA software, with Random Effect Model (REM) method. The results of this study indicate that the capital structure has a negative and significant effect on ROA. The researcher also tested the non-linear effect between capital structure on company performance which showed a positive but not significant relationship, so it can be said that capital structure affects company performance more negatively than its positive effect. There was also no significant result for the concentration of ownership from the two proxies. This means that concentrated or diversified company share ownership does not affect the company's performance."

"Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) masih menjadi masalah yang kompleks bagi banyak perusahaan. Mereka masih kesulitan memperoleh return on investment dalam sistem ERM mereka. Inti permasalahan dalam penerapan ERM tersebut adalah ketidakmatangan proses learn dalam sistem ERM mereka. Proses learn dalam ERM merupakan basic right dalam terciptanya kematangan penerapan ERM yang berujung pada efektivitas penerapan ERM itu sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tingkat kematangan aktivitas learn dalam sistem ERM terhadap kinerja perusahaan baik kinerja operasional maupun pasar. Analisis konten laporan tahunan berdasarkan GRC Capability model 3.0 dilakukan untuk menilai kematangan proses learn dalam sistem ERM. Data sampel terdiri dari 91 perusahaan manufaktur di United Kingdom dan Jerman selama 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan tingkat kematangan aktivitas learn dalam ERM selama 5 tahun. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa tingkat kematangan akivitas learn dalam ERM yang tinggi memiliki manfaat dalam peningkatan kinerja operasional, namun tidak ditemukan manfaat dalam peningkatan kinerja pasar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penting sebuah perusahaan memiliki tingkat kematangan aktivitas learn yang tinggi untuk peningkatan kinerja operasional yang lebih baik.

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Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is still a complex problem for many companies. They are still having trouble getting a return on investment in their ERM system. The core problem of ERM implementation is the immaturity of the learning process in their ERM system. The learning process in ERM system is a basic right in the creation of maturity in ERM implementation which leads to the effectiveness of ERM implementation itself. This study aims to examine the effect of the learning process maturity in ERM on firm performance both operational and market. Content analysis of annual report based on GRC Capability model 3.0 is conducted to assess learning process maturity in ERM system. The data sample consisted of 91 manufacturing companies listed in the United Kingdom and Germany for 5 years. The result shows that an increase in the learning process maturity in ERM system for 5 years in all samples. This study provides evidence that an high learning maturity process in ERM system has benefits in improving operational performance, but found no benefits in increasing market performance. The result indicates that it is important for a company to have a high level of learning process maturity to improve operational performance."