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"Saat ini terjadi peningkatan dalam jumlah perusahaan industri manufaktur, dan industri manufaktur kemasan merupakan industri yang memiliki pertumbuhan pasar relatif tinggi, didasari oleh terus meningkatnya permintaan kemasan untuk berbagai macam produk. Tetapi industri manufaktur pengolahan atau kemasan menjadi salah satu jenis industri dengan kasus kecelakaan kerja terbanyak. Seringkali terjadi kasus kecelakaan kerja pada area produksi yang dapat mengakibatkan cedera serius pada operator mesin. Penyebab utama terjadinya risiko kecelakaan kerja tersebut didasari oleh adanya kemungkinan kesalahan manusia pada aktivitas kerja permesinan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengidentifikasi bentuk dan probabilitas terjadinya human error pada aktivitas kerja melalui penggunaan tiga metode, yaitu Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA), dan Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART). Dari analisis hasil pengolahan data menggunakan tiga metode tersebut, didapatkan bahwa terdapat tiga aktivitas kerja pada mesin otomatis, dan empat aktivitas kerja pada mesin manual yang memiliki risiko tinggi sehingga tujuh aktivitas tersebut dijadikan critical task yang akan menjadi fokusan analisis untuk perancangan rekomendasi K3. Digunakan Framework Hierarchy of Control (HOC) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui lingkup pengendalian dan bentuk rancangan rekomendasi K3 yang tepat. Dari penggunaan HOC, ditentukan empat bentuk rekomendasi, yaitu display K3, instruksi kerja, dan training K3 dengan pihak eksternal untuk lingkup kontrol administratif dan sebuah rekayasa teknik sebuah meja bantuan untuk mengurangi risiko postur.

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Currently, there is an increase in the number of manufacturing companies, with the packaging manufacturing industry experiencing relatively high market growth due to the continuous rise in demand for packaging across various products. However, the packaging manufacturing industry is also one of the sectors with the highest number of workplace accidents. Frequent accidents in the production area often result in serious injuries to machine operators. The primary cause of these workplace accidents is attributed to the possibility of human error in machine-related activities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the forms and probabilities of human error in work activities through the application of three methods: Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA), and Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART). From the data analysis using these three methods, it was found that there are three high-risk work activities on automatic machines and four high-risk work activities on manual machines. These seven activities were identified as critical tasks and became the focus of the analysis for designing K3 (Occupational Health and Safety) recommendations. The Hierarchy of Control (HOC) Framework was used to determine the scope of control and the appropriate K3 recommendation design. From the application of HOC, four types of recommendations were identified: K3 displays, work instructions, and K3 training with external parties for administrative control. Additionally, an engineering control was proposed in the form of an assistive table to reduce posture risks."

"Angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia yang tergolong tinggi, mengakibatkan adanya urgensi untuk menjaga keselamatan pekerja yang jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Sektor penyumbang kecelakaan kerja terbesar di Indonesia adalah sektor konstruksi, termasuk konstruksi gedung dan menyebabkan kerugiaan fisik maupun finansial yang besar. Kecelakaan kerja biasanya disebabkan oleh kesalahan manusia dan sangat berkaitan dengan reliabilitas manusia. Penggunaan metode Fuzzy Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Fuzzy CREAM) ditujukan dalam penelitian untuk menganalisa pola perilaku pekerja yang mempengaruhi resiko kecelakaan kerja digabungkan dengan simulasi Bayesian Network. 176 pekerja konstruksi bangunan di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi objek penelitian. Nilai Human Error Probability (HEP) berhasil didapatkan dan pemberian solusi dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik pekerja dalam kategori Control Mode.

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Work injury rates in Indonesia are relatively high, resulting in an urgency to maintain the safety of workers whose numbers are increasing. The biggest sector contributing to work accidents in Indonesia is the construction area, including building construction and causing large physical and financial losses. Workplace accidents are usually caused by human error and are strongly related to human reliability.

The use of Fuzzy Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Fuzzy CREAM) method is aimed at research to analyze patterns of worker behavior that affect the risk of workplace accidents combined with Bayesian Network simulation. 176 construction workers in the Jakarta and surrounding areas became the object of research. The value of Human Error Probability (HEP) was successfully obtained and the solution was given based on the characteristics of workers in the Control Mode category."

"Saat ini kebutuhan akan transportasi umum terus meningkat. Moda transportasi umum yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia adalah Kereta Api. Masifnya penggunaan Kereta Api di Indonesia menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan. Salah satu permasalahan yang krusial adalah potensi tingginya kecelakaan kerja. Kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun 2016-2022, dan sektor transportasi menjadi penyumbang terbesar ketiga. Kecelakaan kerja pada sektor transportasi di Indonesia dominan disebabkan oleh human error. Dari total 17 kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di PT KCI, 10 diantaranya disebabkan oleh human error. Terdapat metode-metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian human error, namun belum ditemukan penelitian dengan metode Human Reliability Assessment terintegrasi yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Metode HRA terintegrasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dengan tingkat konsistensi dan sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi serta minim subjektivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang strategi penurunan human error pada salah satu kegiatan perawatan Kereta Api dengan melakukan penilaian human error menggunakan integrasi metode HEART-AHP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 3 tugas dengan nilai tertinggi dan dibuat rekomendasi penurunan human error lebih lanjut. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menurunkan tingkat human error pada sektor transportasi dan sebagai rekomendasi perbaikan untuk menekan angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia sehingga dapat mewujudkan zero accident dalam penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja.

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Currently the demand for public transportation continues to increase. The most widely used mode of public transportation in Indonesia is the train. The massive use of trains in Indonesia has led to various problems. One of the crucial issues is the high potential for work accidents. Work accidents in Indonesia have been increasing from 2016-2022, and the transportation sector being the third largest contributor. Work accidents in the transportation sector in Indonesia are predominantly caused by human error. Out of 17 work accidents at PT KCI, 10 were caused by human error. There are methods available to assess human error, but no research has been found using an integrated Human Reliability Assessment method in Indonesia. The integrated HRA method is used to obtain results with higher consistency, sensitivity and minimal subjectivity. This research aims to design strategies to reduce human error in one of the train maintenance activities by assessing human error using integration of HEART-AHP method. The analysis results showed 3 tasks with the highest scores and provided recommendations for further reducing human error. This research is expected can reduce human error level in the transportation sector and serve as recommendation for improvements to reduce the number of work accidents in Indonesia, thus achieving zero accidents in the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health."

"The prevalence of road accidents in Indonesia is still extremely high, with human error being claimed as a major contributing factor. Profiles of the drivers involved in the accidents are not typically available, and studies covering this subject are also limited. In this paper, Indonesian road transportation will be discussed, particularly with respect to traffic accidents and the associated characteristics of the drivers. Also of interest is the description of certain demographic aspects and their relation to road accidents. Data were collected from the news, along with an online survey of 138 commercial drivers, 10% of whom were female). It was found that spending an inordinate amount of time driving per week induces sleepiness and fatigue and is considered as one of the prime causes of accidents. It was also determined that lack of concentration was one of the dominant (~51%) causes. Differences in age, gender, and driving experience did not seem to be related to the likelihood of accidents."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji aspek keandalan manusia dalam penerapan Kesehatan danKeselamatan Kerja (K3) pada pabrik susu bayi terbesar di Jakarta denganmengevaluasi potensihuman error pada proses produksi menggunakan metodeHierarcical Task Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis dan membandingkanmetodepengukuran keandalan manusia antara metode HEART (Human Error Assessmentand Reduction Technique) dan metode SPAR-H (Standardized Plant AnalysisRisk Human Reliability Assessment). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu berupaHumanError Probabilitiesdimana resiko human error terbesar terjadi pada areaTippingdengan pengukuran metode HEART dan area Preparation denganpengukuran metode SPAR-H.Penelitian ini juga membandingkan penggunaanmetode HEART dan SPAR-H.

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AbstractThis research studies human Reliability in safety application atthe biggest babynutrition factory in Jakarta by evaluatig the risk of human error in productionline. The methods in this research are Hierarcical Task Analysis (HTA), FaultTree Analysis (FTA), and also compared Reliability assessment methods betweenHEART (Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique) and SPAR-H(Standardized Plant Analysis Risk Human Reliability Assessment. The researchresult are Human Error Probabilities that shows the biggest human error risk arein Tipping area based on assessment by HEART and in Preparation area basedon assessment by SPAR-H. HEART and SPAR-H.This result also compare theapplication of HEART and SPAR-H."

"Perusahaan manufaktur perhiasan merupakan perusahaan dengan distribusi kecelakaan kerja tertinggi. Pada area metal forming, seringkali terjadi kasus kecelakaan kerja besar. Adanya potensi human error pada aktivitas kerja permesinan, merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk dan probabilitas terjadinya human error menggunakan tiga metode, yaitu HTA, SHERPA, dan HEART. Dari pengolahan data, ditemukan dua aktivitas kerja mesin stamping dan lima aktivitas kerja mesin rolling yang termasuk dalam critical task dan akan difokuskan dalam proses perancangan rekomendasi K3. Sebagai upaya untuk meminimalisir terjadinya error yang ditemukan, penggunaan framework HOC bertujuan untuk mengetahui lingkup pengendalian dan bentuk rancangan rekomendasi K3. Ditentukan empat bentuk rekomendasi untuk lingkup kontrol administratif dan satu bentuk rekomendasi untuk lingkup kontrol rekayasa teknik. Dalam menguji kelayakan pengimplementasian rancangan rekomendasi K3, feasibility study dilakukan terhadap empat aspek utama kelayakan. Setelah pengujian dilakukan, didapatkan hasil akhir yang menunjukkan bahwa rancangan pengimplementasian rekomendasi K3 layak untuk dilakukan.

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Jewelry manufacturing company is company with the highest distribution of work accidents. In the metal forming area, there are often cases of major work accidents. The potential for human error in machining work activities is the main cause of work accidents. Therefore, this study aims to identify the form and probability of human error using three methods, namely HTA, SHERPA, and HEART. From data processing, it was found that two work activities of stamping machines and five work activities of rolling machines are included in critical tasks and will be focused on the process of designing HSE recommendations. In an effort to minimize the occurrence of errors found, the use of the HOC framework aims to determine the scope of control and the form of the design of HSE recommendations. Determined four forms of recommendation for the scope of administrative control and one form of recommendation for the scope of engineering control. In testing the feasibility of implementing the HSE recommendation design, a feasibility study is carried out on four main aspects of feasibility. After the tests were carried out, the final results showed that the design for implementing the HSE recommendations is feasible."

"Sektor pertambangan merupakan sektor pekerjaan yang sangat sarat dengan kecelakaan kerja. Hal ini disebabkan karena karakteristik pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan kondisi alam yang beragam dan sulit diprediksi kondisinya. Berdasarkan data statistik dari Kementerian ESDM Tahun 2009, di lokasi PTA terjadi kasus kecelakaan keija terjepit secara nasional sebesar 4 kali kecelakaan. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab kecelakaaan terjepit di perusahan pertambangan dianalisis menggunakan konsep dalam buku human error in mine safety oleh Geoff Simpson, dkk mengenai konsep human error likelihood influence framework. Dimana, kecelakaan keija dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya adalah faktor organisasi, pengawasan/supervisi, training dan kompetensi, SOP (Standards Operating Procedure), peraturan, kondisi tempat kerja/lingkungan kerja serta adanya interaksi antara pekerja dengan mesin/peralatan yang digunakan (Simpson, 2009).

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Sector mining is one of work sector that really crowded with job accident. It corresponds to work characteristic that gets bearing face to face with nature condition that really medley and difficult being predicted its condition so causing in height job accident zoom, Base statistical of ESDM'S ministry Year 2009, at PTA was happen 4 cut accident happening work accident ca.w is in a bind national ala as big as 4 accident time be in a bind. To understand accident causation factor in mining sector can be analyze by use of framework in books human error in mine safety by Geoff Simpson with concept human error likelihood influence framework. In this book explain that accident can caused by safety management system/organization and safety culture.,. supervision/first line management roles and responsibilities, training and competence, codes, rules and procedures, the workplace environment, the person and machine interface (Simpson, 2009)."

"Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu pabrik yang memproduksi plastik kemasan di Jakarta pada bulan Oktober - Desember 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko pada setiap proses kerja di pabrik ini. Penanganan bahan kimia yang tidak baik serta minimnya pengetahuan terkait K3 membuat peneliti melakukan kajian analisis risiko untuk menemukan potensi bahaya dan risiko yang signifikan memajan pekerja selama bekerja di pabrik. Metode penelitian menggunakan standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 semi kuantitatif, dengan penilaian risiko mengacu pada penilaian risiko Fine (1971). Hasil perhitungan yang didapat, tinta warna memiliki potensi risiko tertinggi untuk basic risk level sebesar 1800. Tertinggi kedua adalah medium tinta, toluene, etil asetat, pemutih serta bijih plastik sebesar 1500. Berkenaan dengan level risiko yang dihasilkan, dibuat rekomendasi menggunakan engineering control, administrative control, human control, serta program K3 bersifat promotif dan preventif.

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The study was conducted in one of the factory that produces plastic packaging in Jakarta in October-December 2012. The research objective was to determine the level of risk in any work in this factory. Factory was not treated substance of chemicals as well as it supposed to do. The lack of knowledge related to occupational health and safety also made the condition worst. It made researcher conducted a risk analysis to find potential hazards and significant risks for workers in the factory. The research method uses standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 semi-quantitative. Risk assessment refers to Fine (1971).

The calculation results obtained, ink color has the highest potential risk of 1800 (basic risk level). The second highest is the medium of ink, toluene, ethyl acetate, bleach and plastic ore by 1500 (basic risk level). A recommendation was made by researcher to use engineering controls, administrative controls, human control, and occupational and safety program such as promotive and preventive program."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang penilaian risiko kegiatan operasi dan produksi PT PGE Area Lahendong tahun 2012. Penilaian risiko dilakukan dengan analisis menggunakan metode W. T Fine yang mana tingkat risiko hasil dari perkalian konsekuensi, pajanan dan kemungkinan. Tujuan dari skripsi ini untuk mendapatkan tingkat risiko masing-masing pekerjaan Operasi dan Produksi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004. Hasil penelitian adalah tingkat risiko pada pekerjaan Operasi dan Produksi meliputi very high, priority 1, substantial, priority 3 dan acceptable yang akan menjadi dasar pertimbangan pengendalian risiko dan dasar pembuatan keputusan pada manajemen risiko.

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This research describes risk assessment for Operation and Production task in PT PGE Area Lahendong 2012. The risk analysis use the method of W. T. Fine which results of level of risk from the multiplication the consequences, exposure and probability.

The objectives of this study are the risk level of each task of Operation and Production. The study was a descriptive study refers to the standard AS/NZS 4360:2004.

The results of analysis are the level of risk in Operation and Production includes very high, priority 1, substantial, priority 3 and acceptable to the risk control and decision making on the basis of risk management."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kontribusi human error pada kejadian kecelakaan Direktorat Logistik & Ekspor PT Holcim Indonesia, Tbk tahun 2010. Secara khusus penelitian ini menganalisis unsafe acts dan aspek prakondisi yang berkontribusi pada kejadian kecelakaan akibat human error, dengan menggunakan framework Human Factors and Classification System. Metode yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer berupa in depth interview & observasi, serta pengumpulan data sekunder dari hasil investigasi kecelakaan & telaah dokumen perusahaan.Distribusi kejadian kecelakaan juga dilihat berdasarkan jenis kecelakaan, umur, masa kerja pengemudi, waktu dan tempat kejadian. Yang paling signifikan dari unsafe acts berupa skill-based error akibat kelelahan, routine violation pada perilaku pengemudi yang tidak tertib, serta exceptional violation berupa temuan kondisi kendaraan yang tidak standar & tidak adanya pengawas lapangan. Sedangkan yang paling signifikan dari aspek prakondisi berupa kondisi operator akibat keterbatasan fisik pengemudi, dan faktor personel yakni manajemen sumber daya personelnya. Selain itu didapatkan hasil bahwa kecelakaan tahun 2010 paling banyak terjadi di dalam plant.The objective of study is to analyze the contribution of human error in accident at Logistic & Export Directorate Narogong Plant PT Holcim Indonesia, Tbk 2010. Specifically, this study analyzes Unsafe Acts dan Precondition for Unsafe Acts that contribute accidents, using Human Factors and Classification System framework. Using qualitative method, the primary data is collection of in depth interview results & observation, and the secondary data is collection of accident investigation & review comporate documents.

Distribution of accidents are also considered by type of accident, age, experience, time and place of occurrence. The most significant results of unsafe acts are skill-based error due to fatigue, routine violation on driver behavior which is not discipline, and exceptional violation findings at non-standard vehicle condition & lack of field supervisors. While the most significant aspects in precondition for unsafe acts are condition of operator due to the driver?s physical limitations and personnel factor especially in crew resource management condition. In addition, it showed that most of the accidents 2010 occurred in the plant."