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"Latar belakang: Ras merupakan salah satu parameter determinasi yang berperan dalam bidang odontologi forensik terutama pada kasus orang hilang, perdagangan manusia, fosil atau kranium yang tidak diketahui identitasnya serta bencana. Ras dapat diidentifikasi dengan metode analisis metrik dan analisis non-metrik melalui torus palatinus. Sedikit studi yang meneliti torus palatinus sebagai parameter dalam menentukan ras Indonesia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini akan menganalisis mengenai peran torus palatinus sebagai parameter determinasi ras pada populasi Indonesia. Metode: Sampel terdiri dari kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid yang masing-masing berjumlah 30 sampel berasal dari Laboratorium Odontologi Forensik dan Laboratorium Ortodonti FKG UI dengan data lengkap. Sampel dilakukan pengukuran untuk menentukan prominensi, bentuk, posisi, ukuran, jenis kelamin, usia dan ras yang sesuai. Hasil penelitian akan diuji secara univariat dan multivariat menggunakan SPSS 26.0. Hasil: 63,3% sampel memiliki torus, 46,1% torus berbentuk flat, 60,5% torus berada di daerah molar, 78,9% torus berukuran kecil, 72,3% pemilik torus berusia dewasa muda dan ras Protomelayu serta Deutromelayu memiliki torus lebih banyak dibanding kelompok ras lain. Kesimpulan: prominensi, bentuk, posisi dan jenis kelamin dapat menjadi parameter untuk menentukan ras pada kelompok ras Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid dan Melanesoid dengan tingkat akurasi 61,8%

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Background: Race is one of the determining parameters that contribute to the practice of forensic odontology, especially in cases of missing persons, human trafficking, unidentified fossils or craniums, and disasters. Race can be identified by metric analysis and non-metric analysis methods through the torus palatinus. Few studies have examined the torus palatinus as a parameter in determining Indonesian race.

Aims: This study will analyze the use of the torus palatinus as a parameter for determining race in the Indonesian population.

Methods: The samples consisted of Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups, totaling 30 samples each from FKG UI with complete data. Samples were measured to determine prominence, shape, position, size, gender, age and race. The results will be tested with univariat and multivariat analytic using SPSS 26.0.

Results: 63.3% of the group sample had torus, 46.1% torus was flat, 60.5% torus was located in the molar region, 78.9% torus was small in size, 72.3% torus owners were young adults and Protomelayu and Deutromelayu races had more torus than other racial groups.

Conclusion: prominence, shape, position and gender can be a parameter to determine race in the Protomelayu, Deutromelayu, Dayakid and Melanesoid racial groups with an accuracy rate of 61.8%."

"Pemanfaatan rugae palatal sebagai salah satu metode identifikasi merupakan metode yang menjanjikan karena morfologi yang unik pada setiap individu. Analisis rugae palatal dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam forensik selama bencana massal, aksi teroris, kecelakaan lalu lintas, dan korban terbakar, dimana metode identifikasi primer sulit untuk dilakukan atau tidak memungkinkan. Keunikan rugae palatal, stabilitas, ketahanan terhadap perubahan PM dan biaya pemanfaatan rugae palatal yang rendah, menjadikan rugae palatal sebagai salah satu parameter yang ideal untuk identifikasi forensik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur guna membantu kepentingan identifikasi khususnya pada populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Total sampel penelitian adalah 120 model studi rahang atas yang terdiri dari 60 model studi rahang atas populasi Indonesia Barat dan 60 model studi rahang atas populasi Indonesia Timur. Analisis perbedaan rugae palatal menggunakan klasifikasi Thomas dan Kotze dengan menghitung jumlah setiap sisi kanan dan sisi kiri, bentuk, dan panjang rugae palatal dari setiap populasi. Hasil uji Mann Whitney U didapatkan hasil perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri, bentuk, dan panjang rugae palatal antara populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur dengan nilai p<0.05. Jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri pada populasi Indonesia Timur lebih banyak dibandingkan jumlah rugae palatal di sisi kiri pada populasi Indonesia Barat (p<0.05). Hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan hasil perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0.05) pada bentuk dan panjang rugae palatal antara populasi Indonesia Barat dan Timur. Bentuk rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat didominasi bentuk konvergen, gelombang, dan lurus, sedangkan bentuk rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Timur didominasi bentuk sirkular, divergen, dan kurva (p<0.05). Panjang rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Barat didominasi secondary rugae, dan primary rugae mendominasi panjang rugae palatal pada populasi Indonesia Timur (p<0.05).

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Utilization of palatal rugae as an identification method is a promising method because of the unique morphology of each individual. Palatal rugae analysis can be applied effectively in forensics during mass disasters, terrorist acts, traffic accidents, and burn victims, where primary identification methods are difficult or impossible. The uniqueness of the palatal rugae, its stability, resistance to changes in PM and the low utilization cost of the palatal rugae make it an ideal parameter for forensic identification. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of palatal rugae in the population of West and East Indonesia in order to assist identification purposes, especially in the Indonesian population. This research is a quantitative research with an observational analytic research design with a cross sectional approach. The total study sample was 120 maxillary study models consisting of 60 maxillary study models from the West Indonesian population and 60 maxillary study models from the Eastern Indonesian population. Analysis of differences in palatal rugae used Thomas and Kotze's classification by calculating the number of each right and left side, shape, and length of palatal rugae from each population. The results of the Mann Whitney U test showed statistically significant differences in the number of palatal rugae on the left side, the shape, and the length of the palatal rugae between the populations of West and East Indonesia with a p<0.05. The number of palatal rugae on the left side of the Eastern Indonesian population was greater than the number of palatal rugae on the left side of the Western Indonesian population (p<0.05). The results of the Chi-Square test showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the shape and length of the palatal rugae between the populations of West and East Indonesia. The shape of the palatal rugae in the population of West Indonesia is dominated by convergent, wavy, and straight shapes, while the shape of the palatal rugae in the population of East Indonesia is dominated by circular, divergent, and curved shapes (p<0.05). The length of the palatal rugae in the population of West Indonesia was dominated by the secondary rugae, and the primary rugae dominated the length of the palatal rugae in the population of East Indonesia (p<0.05)."

"[ABSTRACTTorus palatinus dan torus mandibularis merupakan eksositosis yang umum ditemukan pada ras Mongoloid, ras dominan di suku Indonesia barat, yang dapat dijadikan bahan identifikasi forensik. Pada beberapa studi, torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis memiliki hubungan bermakna, dimana hubungan ini dapat menjadi data tambahan untuk identifikasi forensik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai prevalensi torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis serta hubungan keduanya pada populasi Indonesia bagian barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 274 Mahasiswa Baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran 2014. Hasil penelitian prevalensi torus palatinus 77,4%, prevalensi torus mandibuaris 13,9%, dan ditemukannya torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis secara bersamaan sebesar 12,4% . Pada penelitian ini torus palatinus dan torus mandibularis tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna.

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ABSTRACTTorus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found in Mongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can be used as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlation can be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalence of torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation between prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesian population. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 Univesitas Indonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus 77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinus and torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation;Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation, Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are common exocytosis found inMongoloid race, the dominant inhibitant in west Indonesian tribes, that can beused as forensic identification subject. In numerous study, torus palatinus andtorus mandibularis were found as significantly correlated, where as the correlationcan be used as another forensic subject.. This study aim to investigate prevalenceof torus palatinus, prevalence of torus mandibularis, and correlation betweenprevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in west Indonesianpopulation. Sample of the study is 274 student of batch 2014 UnivesitasIndonesia students. Result of the study found that prevalence of torus palatinus77.4%, prevalence of torus mandibularis 13.9%, and prevalence of torus palatinusand torus mandibularis found simultanously is 12.4%. In this study torus palatinusand torus mandibularis shows unsignificant correlation]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pola ruga palatal suku Jawa dan Tionghoa di Indonesia. Seratus cetakan rahang atas berusia rata-rata 16 sampai 27 tahun, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 50 orang dengan jumlah jenis kelamin setiap kelompok yang seimbang. Metode yang digunakan berdasarkan klasifikasi Thomas (1983) terdiri dari panjang, bentuk, unifikasi dan arah ruga. Ruga bentuk curved dan straight merupakan bentuk ruga yang umum pada kedua kelompok, diikuti wavy dan circular. Analisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) pada ruga primary,curved dan wavy pada kedua kelompok suku. Pola ruga palatal sangat unik dan memiliki pola yang berbeda pada setiap individu.

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This study aims to compare the palatal rugae pattern between ethnic Java and Chinese in Indonesia. Hundreds maxillary cast, ages-range 16 to 27 years, consisting of fifty people each group with equally number of sexes. Method based on classifications Thomas (1983) categorized as length, form, unification and direction. Curved and straight pattern are the most common in both etnics, followed by wavy and circular pattern. Comparation was analized with non-parametry mann-whitney test. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the two etnics for primary, curved and wavy rugae. Palatal rugae are very unique and have a different pattern in each individual."

"Latar belakang: Odontologi forensik telah banyak dikembangkan untuk mengidentifikasi korban bencana maupun korban kekerasan. Dengan odontologi forensik, tim Investigasi Korban Bencana (DVI) dapat menentukan jenis kelamin manusia. Terdapat beberapa metode untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin, salah satunya dengan metode palatoscopy dan metode cheiloscopy yang sering digunakan. Namun, perbandingan akurasi kedua metode ini pada populasi Asia masih kontroversial. Tujuan: mengetahui perbedaan akurasi antara metode palatoscopy dan cheiloscopy untuk identifikasi jenis kelamin pada populasi Asia. Metode: Penelusuran literatur menggunakan pedoman alur Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) pada lima electronic database yaitu PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, dan Wiley Online Library. Literatur harus memenuhi syarat kriteria inklusi berupa artikel harus berbahasa Inggris, diterbitkan dalam 5 tahun terakhir, tersedia dalam full-text, merupakan research article, serta menggunakan klasifikasi Thomas dan Kotze untuk penelitian palatoscopy dan klasifikasi Tsuchihashi dan Suzuki untuk penelitian cheiloscopy.Hasil: Didapatkan 33 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada tahapan sintesis kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan random effects model, diperoleh metode cheiloscopy lebih dapat mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin pada populasi Asia. Kesimpulan: Metode cheiloscopy dapat mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin secara lebih akurat daripada metode palatoscopy.

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Background: Forensic odontology have been developed for victim identification. With forensic odontology, Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) team may determine human’s sex. There are a few methods for sex determination including human soft tissue methods. Human soft tissues such as palatoscopy method and cheiloscopy method can be utilized for sex determination. Nevertheless, the accuracy comparation of these methods in Asian population is still controversial. Aim: To compare the accuracy between palatoscopy method and cheiloscopy method for sex identification in Asian population.

Methods: The literature is searched using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline on five electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. The literature should have to require the inclusion criteria such as an English article, published in the last 5 years, available in full-text, a research article, using Thomas and Kotze’s classification for palatoscopy studies and using Tsuchihashi and Suzuki’s classification for cheiloscopy studies.

Results: 33 studies which qualify the inclusion criteria on qualitative synthesis phase. From the analyzes with random effects model, cheiloscopy method is significantly reliable for sex identification in Asia population.

Conclusion: Cheiloscopy method is more accurate for sex determination as compared to palatoscopy method."

"[Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 274 orang mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun 2014. Presentasi torus palatinus dilihat melalui inspeksi dan palpasi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi torus palatinus sebanyak 77,4% dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada perempuan (86,9% vs. 69,7%, P = 0,001). Pada laki-laki, torus palatinus berukuran kecil (<3 mm) ditemukan paling banyak (67,9%), sementara pada perempuan, torus palatinus berukuran sedang (3-6 mm) mendominasi (50,9%) dengan nilai P <0,001. Berdasarkan jumlahnya, torus palatinus paling banyak ditemukan berjumlah satu buah pada laki-laki dan perempuan dengan persentase yang sedikit berbeda (92,5% dan 88,7% secara berurutan, P = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prevalensi dan distribusi karakteristik torus palatinus pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada populasi Indonesia Barat.;The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population., The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population. This study was conducted in 274 new students of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014. The presence of torus palatinus was observed through inspection and palpation. The results showed the prevalence of torus palatinus in this sample was 77.4% and it was significantly higher in females than in males (86.9% vs. 69.7%, P = 0.001). According to its size, with the P value of <0.001, the small torus palatinus (<3 mm) dominated its prevalence in males (67.9%), while in females the medium size torus palatinus has the highest occurence among all (50.9%). Most of torus palatinus were found as a single tori in both males and females with slightly different percentage (92.5% and 88.7% respectively, P = 0.002). This study showed significant difference of prevalence and characteristics distribution of torus palatinus in males and females among Western Indonesian population.]"

"[Torus Palatinus merupakan eksostosis tulang pada os palatinus yang dapatdigunakan untuk keperluan identifikasi forensik khususnya untuk perkiraan ras.Pengukuran Torus Palatinus dapat dilakukan dengan metode inspeksi maupunpalpasi. Kenyataannya hasil kedua pengukuran tersebut tidak konsisten sehinggadalam penelitian ini akan diuji prevalens pada kedua metode tersebut. Penelitiandilakukan pada 127 mahasiswa baru Universitas Indonesia tahun ajaran2014/2015 di Pusat Kesehatan Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia pada Agustus2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional.Data primer didapatkan dari pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan langsungkeberadaan Torus Palatinus dalam rongga mulut dengan metode inspeksi maupunmetode palpasi. Pada penelitian ini diperiksa 127 orang yang terdiri atas 69 oranglaki - laki dan 58 orang perempuan. Dengan metode palpasi didapatkan temuanTorus Palatinus sebesar 92,13% sedangkan dengan metode inspeksi didapatkantemuan 77,17% (p < 0,001). Pemeriksaan Torus Palatinus sebaiknya dilakukandengan metode palpasi karena dapat menghilangkan pengaruh faktor ketebalanmukosa yang dapat menyebabkan hasil false negative.;Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous, Torus Palatinus is bone exostosis on os palatinus that can be used to determinerace in forensic identification. The assesment can be done by direct inspection andpalpation. The result of both assessment methods do not have consistent results,the purpose of this study is to find better prevalens of Torus Palatinus. This studywas done in 127 freshmen of Universitas Indonesia batch 2014 in Pusat KesehatanMahasiswa Universitas Indonesia on August 2014. The study design is crosssectional.The data was taken from questionnaire and direct inspection and directpalpation. There were 127 subjects, 69 subjects were male and 58 subjects werefemale. Palpation method shows 92.13% finding of Torus Palatinus andinspection method shows 77.17% finding of Torus Palatinus (p < 0.001).Palpation method shows better results. Palpation methods is more eligible toidentify Torus Palatinus and this method can reduce false negative of mucous]"

"Latar Belakang: Estimasi usia dalam kedokteran gigi forensik memiliki peran penting dalam identifikasi individu dan penentuan status hukum seseorang. Metode estimasi usia menggunakan rasio panjang dan lebar pulpa (PL/W) pada gigi insisif lateral maksila melalui radiograf panoramik digital telah dikembangkan, namun akurasinya pada berbagai kelompok usia masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara rasio PL/W dengan usia kronologis, validitas persamaan regresi yang dihasilkan, dan akurasi metode PL/W pada berbagai kelompok usia dalam estimasi usia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akurasi metode estimasi usia kronologis menggunakan rasio panjang dan lebar pulpa (PL/W) pada insisif lateral maksila melalui radiograf panoramik pada berbagai kelompok usia. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan pada 125 subjek (75 laki-laki, 50 perempuan) berusia 18-60 tahun menggunakan radiograf panoramik digital. Pengukuran panjang pulpa (PL) dan lebar pulpa (W) dilakukan pada insisif lateral maksila menggunakan software NOVApacs dan i-Dixel. Analisis statistik meliputi uji reliabilitas, korelasi, regresi linear, dan validasi model. Hasil Penelitian: Metode rasio PL/W menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat dengan usia kronologis. Model regresi menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang moderat, dengan hasil terbaik pada kelompok usia 30-39 tahun. Estimasi usia pada kelompok perempuan lebih akurat dibandingkan laki-laki. Kesimpulan: Metode rasio PL/W pada insisif lateral maksila dapat digunakan sebagai metode alternatif untuk estimasi usia pada populasi Indonesia, dengan akurasi terbaik pada kelompok usia 30-39 tahun. Namun, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan distribusi sampel yang lebih seimbang untuk validasi lebih lanjut.

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Background: Age estimation in forensic dentistry plays a crucial role in individual identification and legal status determination. The age estimation method using pulp length and width ratio (PL/W) on maxillary lateral incisors through digital panoramic radiographs has been developed; however, its accuracy across different age groups requires further investigation. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between PL/W ratio and chronological age, the validity of the resulting regression equation, and the accuracy of the PL/W method across different age groups in age estimation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of chronological age estimation using pulp length and width ratio (PL/W) on maxillary lateral incisors through panoramic radiographs across different age groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 subjects (75 males, 50 females) aged 18-60 years using digital panoramic radiographs. Pulp length (PL) and width (W) measurements were performed on maxillary lateral incisors using NOVApacs and i-Dixel software. Statistical analysis included reliability testing, correlation, linear regression, and model validation. Results: The PL/W ratio method showed a strong positive correlation with chronological age. The regression model demonstrated a moderate predictive capability, with better accuracy in the 30-39 age group. Females had a lower estimation error compared to males. Conclusion: The PL/W ratio method on maxillary lateral incisors can be used as an alternative method for age estimation in the Indonesian population, with the best accuracy in the 30-39 age group. However, further research with a more balanced sample distribution is needed for further validation."

"Forensic odontology (FO) has played an important role in the process of identification of unknown victims. This has help doctor, dentist and forensic expert to a great extents. The process of identification of 2 plane crash victims of Garuda DC 10 in 1987 and Garuda Air-Bus in 1995, and 41 murder victims executed by Dukun AS after exhumationed are discussed here. The need of a well trained dentists in the field of FO is imperative as a companion of doctors and forensic experts in the process of examining cases of unknown origin, criminal cases and mass disasters victims. It is expected in the future that the demand of Forensic Odontologist is a must in several health service centers in Indonesia."

"Latar Belakang: Penentuan jenis kelamin merupakan salah satu identifikasi yang berperan penting dalam proses identifikasi individu. Sinus frontalis merupakan struktur anatomis yang berperan dalam bidang odontologi forensik sebagai alat penentu jenis kelamin. Sinus frontalis memiliki ciri khas dan keunikan yang menjadikannya salah satu struktur anatomis yang berperan penting dalam menentukan jenis kelamin. Salah satu cara untuk menganalisis sinus frontalis adalah dengan mengukur indeks sinus frontalis pada radiografi sefalometri lateral, yang termasuk ke dalam metode radiomorfometrik karena metode ini sederhana dan non-invasif. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis indeks sinus frontalis dengan metode radiomorfometrik pada radiografi sefalometri lateral digital untuk penentuan jenis kelamin. Metode: Menganalisis indeks sinus frontalis dengan 2 parameter, yaitu tinggi maksimum sinus frontalis dan lebar maksimum sinus frontalis pada 150 sampel radiografi sefalometri lateral, yang terdiri dari 75 sampel laki-laki dan 75 sampel perempuan. Hasil: Perempuan memiliki rata-rata indeks sinus frontalis lebih tinggi sebesar 3.67, sementara laki-laki sebesar 3.07. Pada laki-laki rata-rata tinggi maksimum sinus frontalis lebih tinggi sebesar 25.87 mm, dibandingkan perempuan sebesar 24.88 mm. Pada laki-laki rata-rata lebar maksimum sinus frontalis juga lebih tinggi sebesar 8.88 mm, dibandingkan perempuan sebesar 7.04 mm. Kesimpulan: Adanya perbedaan signifikan lebar maksimum sinus frontalis dan indeks sinus frontalis pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Persamaan regresi probabilitas jenis kelamin dengan akurasi tertinggi pada penelitian ini adalah pada indeks sinus frontalis yang memiliki akurasi sebesar 68%.

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Background: Gender determination is one of the identifications that plays an important role in the process of identifying individuals. The frontal sinus is an anatomical structure that plays a role in the field of forensic odontology as a gender determination tool. The frontal sinus has a distinctive and unique feature that makes it one of the anatomical structures that plays an important role in determining gender. One way to analyze the frontal sinus is to measure the frontal sinus index on lateral cephalometric radiograph, which is included in the radiomorphometric method because it is simple and non-invasive. Objective: To analyze the frontal sinus index using radiomorphometric method on digital lateral cephalometric radiography for gender determination. Method: Analyzing the frontal sinus index with 2 parameters, which are the maximum height of the frontal sinus and the maximum width of the frontal sinus in 150 lateral cephalometric radiographs, consisting of 75 male samples and 75 female samples. Results: Women have an average frontal sinus index of 3.67, which is greater than men’s average of 3.07. In men, the average maximum height of the frontal sinus of 25.87 mm, which is greater than women’s average of 24.88 mm. In men, the average maximum width of the frontal sinus of 8.88 mm, which is greater than women’s average of 7.04 mm. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the maximum width of the frontal sinus and frontal sinus index in men and women. The gender probability regression equation with the highest accuracy in this study was on the frontal sinus index which had an accuracy of 68%."